‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬

‫‪Unit 1‬‬ ‫‪2AS‬‬

‫‪Signs of the time‬‬ ‫‪English‬‬
‫‪Summary‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﺧﺎص‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌ‪ ự‬اﻷدﺑﻴﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ 2AS
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ Signs of the time
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬

The unit explores the differences between present and past lifestyles, what people used to do, wear or eat in the past
and what has changed nowadays.
‫ وﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻐﲑ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ وﻣﺎ اﻋﺘﺎد اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ أو ارﺗﺪاﺋﻪ أو ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت ﺑﲔ أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ واﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬

English
Vocabulary of the unit

‫إﻗﺮأ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺺ وﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻫﻢ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬

Over the last century, there have been many changes in the way we live. Obviously, it is hard to

compare the life of the ancient people and the life of the people of the

Tutor
twenty first century because somany changes have occurred.

To start with, people were not able to travel such long distances in such short period of time.

The planes were not that popular then because they used to be a very expensive means of transport.

Nowadays, we have become very mobile. We have fast and comfortable cars and more and more

people also travel by plane.

Abderrahim
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺎة‬.‫ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﲑات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

ً
.‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ أﻣﺮ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻧﻈ ﺮا ﻟﻠﺘﻐﲑات اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬

‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات ﺷ ﺎﺋﻌﺔ آﻧﺬاك ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ‬.‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼﲑ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‬
ً ً
.‫ وﻳﺰداد ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮون ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات أﻳ ﻀﺎ‬،‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺳﻴﺎرات ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ وﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ أﻛﱶ ﺗﻨﻘ ﻼ‬،‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬

Signs of the time 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ 2AS
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Vocabulary of the unit Signs of the time

‫إﻗﺮأ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺺ وﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻫﻢ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬

in the past people had to work much harder as they did not have tools which made their work easier.

Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and other machines.

English
In the past the conditions of living were not as comfortable as they are now. There were

not bathrooms and running water in many houses, besides many people could not afford

household appliances like fridge, TV set or vacuum cleaner because they used to be luxurious goods.

Another difference between living now and in the past is the fact that nowadays the access

to education is much easier. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of the

education they provided was much poorer. Besides, nowadays it is much easier to find the

Tutor
educational materials that you need thanks to the Internet.

‫ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ự‫ ﻓﺄﻏﻠ‬،‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس أن ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮا ﺑﺠﺪ أﻛﱪ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ اﻷدوات اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
ُ
‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك‬.‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻵن‬،‫ واﻵﻻت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ự‫اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﻨﺠﺰ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﻴ‬

‫ وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮاء اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﲋﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺟﺔ أو‬،‫ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت أو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل‬

Abderrahi
‫اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز أو واﻟﺨﻄﲑة ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﺎرﻳﺔ‬
ُ
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬﻞ اﻵن‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
،‫إﻟﻰذﻟﻚ‬ự‫ﺟﺎﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ .‫أﻗﻞ ﺳﺑﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻬﻮﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮدةﺑﲔاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻵن‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖآﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺪدااﺧﺘﻼف‬
.‫اﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖﻛﺎﻧﺖﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪارس أﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬
،‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻨﺴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬
.‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬

m
Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫‪Grammar lessons‬‬
‫‪2AS‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Signs of the time‬‬

‫‪Expressing past habit‬‬

‫‪with used to‬‬

‫‪We use the word “ used to” to express past habits that no longer exisit‬‬
‫‪ to used‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻌﺪ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ اﻷن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬

‫‪English‬‬
‫‪food healthy fresh, only eat to used grandparents my past the In‬‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺪون أي ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ إﻋﺘﺎد أﺟﺪادي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻟﻄﺎزج‬ ‫)‪ (Stem‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪used to‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫‪Used to‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ‪habit the had‬‬

‫ﺑﺪل وﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﲎ‬ ‫‪I had the habit of listening to a podcast before bed‬‬

‫‪Tutor‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺪي ﻋﺎدة اﻹﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻰ ﺑﻮدﻛﺎﺳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻮم‬

‫‪Negative form of used to‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻮل ﻟﻢ أﻋﺘﺪ أن أﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرة ‪Didn’t use to‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪Didn’t used to‬‬ ‫‪In the past my grandparents didn’t use to eat junk food‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮل ‪ Didn’t use to‬وﻟﻴﺲ‬

‫‪Abderrahim‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ أﺟﺪادي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻲ‬

‫‪Question form of used to‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬

‫? ‪Did your grandparents use to listen to the radio‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪأ اﻟﺴﺆال داﺋﻤﺎ ب ‪ Did‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻫﻞ إﻋﺘﺎد أﺟﺪادك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺮح أي ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺪث‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪ to Use + Subject + Did‬وﻟﻴﺲ ‪ to Used + Subject + Did‬ﻓﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮل‬

‫‪Signs of the‬‬ ‫‪2as‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪English-tutor-abderrahim‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 Grammar lessons
2AS
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Signs of the time

Present and future

simple tenses

simple Present ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬

Routines ‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺎدات‬،‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬Facts General ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‬
‫واﻟﺮوﺗﲔ‬

English
Rule
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
To Do
TTooBBee

Subject + Am / Is / Are + Noun or Adj Subject ( I- you- we - they) + Stem + the rest
I am ject (He / She / It )+ Verb + s / es
You / We / They are
‫ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺮو‬S ‫ ﺑﺪل‬Es ‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
He / She / It is
Ch - sh - s - ss - z- o - x

Tutor
Abderrahim is a teacher of English We want to succeed
‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻟﻐﺔ إﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ أن ﻧﻨﺠﺢ‬

His students are the best Abderrahim teaches English

‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ ﻫﻢ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺪرس ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺪون أي إﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬

I always wake up at 07:00 AM and do meditation ‫ اﻟﺮوﺗﲔ أو اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ وﻫﻲ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﱵ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬

Abderrahim
Adverbs of frequencey
Always- Often - Usually - Sometimes - Rarely
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أﻧﺎ‬

simple Future ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬

actions Future ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫وﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺟﺪا وﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

Positive form : Subject + Will + Verb stem English in mark best the get will I ‫ﺳﻮف أﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ‬
Negative form : Subject + Won’t + Verb English in mark best the get won’t I ‫ﻟﻦ أﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ‬
stem Question form : Will + Subject + verb
English? in mark best the get you ‫ﻫﻞ ﺳﺘﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ؟‬
stem Will
‫ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬Be ‫أﻣﺎ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ أﻓﻌﺎل أﻛﻮن‬

Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 Grammar lessons
2AS
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Signs of the time
Subject + Will be + Noun / Adjective

Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 Grammar lessons
2AS
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Signs of the time

Planned actions in the

future

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ أﻓﻌﺎل أو أﺣﺪاث ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ وﻋﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻋﺎدة ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﻴﻎ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
: ‫ وﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬will ‫ﻋﻮض إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬

English
I am going to show Mr abderrahim some support on his Youtube Channel
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻼﺣﻈﻮن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

I am intending to show Mr abderrahim some support on his Youtube Channel Subject + be + going to / inteding to /
planning to + Verb stem
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ أن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

I am planning to show Mr abderrahim some support on his Youtube Channel

Tutor Modals : May / Might

Doubt or Uncertainty ‫وﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻚ أو ﻋﺪم اﻟﻴﻘﲔ‬

Scientists might find cure for cancer soon We may go to the gym tomorrow afternoon
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻼﺟﺎ ﻟﻠﺴ ﺮﻃﺎن ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻧﺬﻫﺐ ﺻﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻏﺪا ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬

Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫‪Grammar lessons‬‬
‫‪2AS‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Signs of the time‬‬

‫‪Abder him‬‬ ‫‪Relative‬‬

‫‪ra‬‬ ‫‪pronou‬‬ ‫‪nce‬‬

‫وﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل اﻟﺬي‪ ،‬اﻟﱵ‪ ،‬اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ‬

‫‪The scientist who invented the telescopes has‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ who‬ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وﻟﻴﺲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪died‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺬي‬

‫‪I bought the book that / which I told you about‬‬ ‫‪which / that‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻻﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار وﻻ ﻳﻬﻢ إن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ أو ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺬي ‪ /‬اﻟﻠﱵ ﻟﻐﲑ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬

‫‪Signs of the‬‬ ‫‪2as‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪English-tutor-abderrahim‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫‪Grammar lessons‬‬
‫‪2AS‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Signs of the time‬‬

‫‪Relative pronounce‬‬

‫وﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺠﻨ‪ ự‬اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل اﻟﺬي‪ ،‬اﻟﱵ‪ ،‬اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ whom‬ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وﻟﻴﺲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫‪I met the person whom I told you about‬‬

‫‪English‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻠﺬي ) ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ(‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪whose‬‬
‫‪The student whose notebook was lost came to the office‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺬي ) ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ (‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Comparative and‬‬

‫‪Tutor‬‬
‫‪superlative‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ أن ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻗﺪر أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪Comparative‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫أو ﺷﻲء أﺧﺮ‬

‫‪Life was harder in the past than it is now‬‬ ‫‪Life now is more expensive than life in the past‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺻﻌ‪ ự‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻷن أﻛﱶ ﻏﻼءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻛﱶ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ ‪ ) vowel one‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﺮوف(‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﺣﺮوف ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ) ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺜﲑة اﻟﺤﺮوف(‬

‫‪Abderrahim‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Subject + Adj + Er +‬‬ ‫‪Subject + More + Adj +‬‬

‫‪Than‬‬ ‫‪Than‬‬

‫‪ Superlative‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ أن ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ أﻛﱪ أو أﻗﻞ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫أو ﺷﻲء أﺧﺮ‬

‫‪The exam was the hardest‬‬ ‫‪This car is the most expensive in th emarket‬‬
‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻛﺎن اﻷﺻﻌ‪. ự‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺗﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ واﻟﻘﺼﲑة‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪Subject + be + The + adj + est‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﲑة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﻮق ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Signs of the‬‬ ‫‪2as‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪English-tutor-abderrahim‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫‪Grammar lessons‬‬
‫‪2AS‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Signs of the time‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة ﻫﻲ أﻏﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮق‬

‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺗﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ واﻟﻘﺼﲑة‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﻮق ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Subject + be + The most + adj‬‬

‫‪Signs of the‬‬ ‫‪2as‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪English-tutor-abderrahim‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 Grammar lessons
2AS
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Signs of the time

Comparative and
superlative

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﲒﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺎت ﻗﺼﲑة‬
English
Adjective

Big
Comperative

Bigger than
Superlative

The biggest

‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Old Older than The oldest

‫ﺣﺮف ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬

Tutor
‫واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ Small Smaller than The smallest

Beautiful More beautiful than The most beautiful

‫ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
Charming More charming than The most charming
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﻛﱶ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮف‬ Expensive More expensive than The most expensive
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬

Abderrahim
Good Better than The best
‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ Bad Worse than The worst

:‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن أي ﻧﻌﱪ أن ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻗﺪر أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬

Adjective Comperative Superlative

Big ‫ﻛﺒ‬ Less big than ‫أﻗﻞ ﻛﱪ‬ The least big ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﻛﱪا‬
‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 Grammar lessons
2AS
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ Signs of the time

Expensive ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻒ‬ Less expensive than ‫أﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ The least expensive ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬

Signs of the 2as ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ English-tutor-abderrahim ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
 ‫‪Grammar lessons‬‬
‫‪2AS‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪Signs of the time‬‬

‫‪Pronuncitaion of the‬‬
‫‪final S‬‬

‫وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﺬي إﻋﺘﺪﺗﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت‪ ،‬وﻳﺠ‪ ự‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ S‬ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻄﻘﻬﺎ‬

‫‪English‬‬
‫‪P-T-K-F-H-‬‬
‫‪Th‬‬ ‫‪All vowels - M‬‬
‫‪S - SS - Sh - Ch -‬‬
‫‪-C-Z-X-G‬‬
‫‪-N-L-R-V‬‬

‫‪Tutor‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪D -Z-B-‬‬
‫‪W‬‬

‫ﻳﺠ‪ ự‬اﻟﱰﻛﲒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺮ ﺣﺮف ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ s‬أو ‪ ed‬ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﲑ ﻳﻜﺘ‪ ự‬وﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺎول اﻷن وأﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‪ ،‬اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﱵ أﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫‪Abderrahim‬‬
‫‪Stress shift from nouns‬‬
‫‪to adjectives‬‬

‫‪Nouns: The stress typically falls on the first syllable.‬‬ ‫"‪‘record (noun) → "a document or file.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺪة ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ أول ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫"‪'present (noun) → "a gift.‬‬

‫‪Adjectives (or Verbs): The stress usually shifts to the second syllable.‬‬ ‫"‪record' (verb) → "to capture or document.‬‬
‫"‪present' (adjective/verb) → "to offer or give.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺪة ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت واﻻﻓﻌﺎل‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت إﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ‪ syllables‬ﺣﺴ‪ ự‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺣﺮف ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ ‪ vowel one‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪A - E - O - U - I - Y‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴ‪ ự‬اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺘ‪ ự‬وﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﺣﺮﻓﺎن ﻣﻠﺘﺴﻘﺎن ﺣﺮف واﺣﺪ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ إﻻ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﺼﺪر ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺻﻮت‬
‫ﻣﻤﲒ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮف ﺻﻮﺗﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪Signs of the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪2as‬‬ ‫‪English-tutor-abderrahim‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬