( 4 experiments)

(To be written with pen on the right side (ruled side) of lab manual

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
DENSITY OF SOLID
AIM:

To determine the density of solid.

MATERIALS:

Spring balance, Measuring jar, fine cotton thread, water and any solid object

THEORY:

Density of object is mass packed in unit volume.

PROCEDURE:

1.Check for the zero error of the balance and determine its least count.

2.Tie the solid object to the cotton thread

3.Suspend the object from the hook of the spring balance and measure its mass.

4.Fill the measuring jar with water and note down the initial volume of water.

5.Slide the object gently into the measuring jar and note down the final volume of water

6.The volume of water displaced gives the volume of the object.

RESULT:

The density of the given object is _____g/cc.

PRECAUTIONS:

Read the apparatus without parallax error.

There should be no air bubbles in the jar filled with water while you are noting down the
volume of water.

(The following to be written with pencil on the left side (unruled side) of the lab
manual)

1. Least count of spring balance =

2. Least count of measuring jar =
3. Zero error of spring balance =
4. Zero correction of spring balance =
5. Mass of the object =
6. Corrected mass of the object =
7. Initial volume of water =
8. Final volume of water =
9. Volume of water displaced = final volume – initial volume =
10. Volume of the object = volume of water displaced
11. Density = Mass of the object/Volume of the object
(To be written with pen on the right side (ruled side) of lab manual

EXPERIMENT NO.2
VERIFICATION OF ARCHIMEDE’S PRINCIPLE

AIM:

To verify Archimede’s principle using two solutions of different densities.

MATERIALS:

Compression and Spring balance, glass beaker, overflow jar, solid object, two solutions of
different densities.

THEORY:

Archimede’s principle states that any object when immersed partially or wholly in a fluid
experiences an upward force called buoyant force which is equal to the weight of fluid
displaced.

PROCEDURE:

1.Suspend the object from the hook of the spring balance and record its actual weight.

2. Measure the weight of the empty beaker.

3.Fill the overflow jar with given liquid upto its spout.

4.Push the object gently into the overflow jar and collect every drop of liquid displaced in
the beaker.

5.Record the apparent weight of the object when immersed in liquid.

6.Weigh the beaker with liquid.

7. Buoyant force is given by the difference of actual weight and apparent weight.

8. Weight of liquid displaced is the difference of weight of beaker with liquid and weight of
empty beaker.

9.Repeat the procedure for the other liquid

INFERENCE:

Within the limits of experimental errors, it is verified that buoyant force is equal to the
weight of liquid displaced.

Denser liquid exerts more buoyant force.

PRECAUTIONS:

Read the apparatus without parallax error.

Check for the zero error of the spring/compression balance and make the necessary zero
correction.

Object when inside the overflow jar should not touch the sides or the surface of the jar.

(The following to be written with pencil on the left side (unruled side) of the lab
manual)

1. Least count of spring balance =

2. Least count of compression balance=
3. Zero error of spring balance =
4. Zero correction of spring balance =
5. Actual Weight of the object =
6. Corrected Actual Weight of the object =
7. Weight of the beaker =
8. Apparent weight of the object =
9. Corrected Apparent Weight of the object =
10. Weight of beaker with water =
11. Buoyant force = Corrected Actual weigh of the object – Corrected Apparent weight
of the object
12. Weight of water displaced = Weight of beaker with water – Weight of empty beaker

Buoyant Force = Weight of liquid (water) displaced

(To be written with pen on the right side (ruled side) of lab manual
EXPERIMENT NO.3
LAWS OF REFLECTION OF SOUND
AIM:

To verify the laws of reflection of sound

MATERIALS:

Reflection-of-sound apparatus, stopclock

THEORY:

The incident and reflected wave, Normal lie on the same plane at the point of incidence.

Angle of incidence=angle of reflection

PROCEDURE:

1.Along the Normal place any board as a screen

2.Fix the one of the hollow pipes of the apparatus at an angle of say 30 o to the
screen(Incident wave) and place a stop clock near the mouth of the pipe.

3.Adjust the other hollow pipe which is on the other side of the screen till you hear the clear
sound of the clock.

INFERENCE:

Within the limits of experimental errors it is verified that:

The incident and reflected wave, Normal lie on the same plane at the point of incidence.

Angle of incidence=angle of reflection

PRECAUTIONS:

The angle of reflection of sound waves should be determined carefully, till the sound heard
is the loudest.

No direct sound waves should reach the listener

For accurate recording of i and r the centremost part of the pipes should match the line of
incident and reflected sound wave.

(The following to be written with pencil on the left side (unruled side) of the lab

S NO i r
(To be written with pen on the right side (ruled side) of lab manual

EXPERIMENT NO.4
VELOCITY OF PULSE

AIM:

To determine the velocity of pulse

MATERIALS:

Slinky, Stop Clock, Metre scale

THEORY:

Pulse is a sudden disturbance and will last for a short interval of time.

Velocity of pulse is distance travelled by it in unit time.

PROCEDURE:

1.Suspend the slinky from a rigid support and stretch it to a suitable length.

2.Hold the slinky at its free end and move it producing a disturbance.

3.Wait for disturbance to reach the rigid support before you set another disturbance.

4.Set 10 such pulses and note down the time taken.

5.Repeat the experiment for two more values of length of slinky.

RESULT:

Velocity of pulse through the slinky is ______cm/s

PRECAUTIONS:

While setting the pulses the length should not be altered.

Stop clock should be started the moment the slinky is disturbed.

(The following to be written with pencil on the left side (unruled side) of the lab

S NO Length time taken for 10 Time taken V=s/t

of slinky (s) pulses for 1 pulse
(t)