REVIEWER STS

Reason For Travelling”

-Search for Food
-Find better location of settlements
-Trade their surplus in exchange for goods

Armors and weapons are developed for security and protection. It is also considered as a
major achievement during those times.

The primary challenge they face was the conservation of life. Different illness and
diseases both natural and man-made hampered the full potential of the human being.

Sumeria -located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia.

Cuneiform- the earliest writing system, It is a system that utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instrument and left to dry.

Uruk-is considered as the first city in the world,also known as Warka or Warkah, was an
ancient city of Sumer (and later of Babylonia) situated east of the present bed of the
Euphrates River on the dried-up ancient channel of the Euphrates 30 km (19 mi) east of
modern Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.

Ziggurat-is also called the mountain of God It served as the sacred place of their chief
God where only priest are allowed to enter.

The farmers in Sumer created levees to hold back the floods from their fields and cut canals
to channel river water to the fields. The use of levees and canals is called irrigation,
another Sumerian invention.

The Sumerians were credited in the invention of sailboats.

During these times, wheels were not yet invented, the main mode of transportation was
through waterways such as the rivers and seas. Boats were used to carry large
quantities of products and were able to cover large distances.

In the later part the Sumerian was able to invent the wheel. They were first used for
farm work and not for transportation.

Plow- Tool use for tilling or turning the soil to prepare it for planting.

In order to facilitate faster travel the Sumerians develop the first roads. With this work the
flow of traffic is organized. They used sun-baked bricks in making the roads and poured
asphalt to smoothen the roads.
One major contribution of the Babylonians was the hanging garden of Babylon which
is one of the 7 wonders of the world.

King Nebuchadnezzar II built the garden for his wife, Queen Amytis.

Egyptians used tablets and clay before the invention of paper. Since clay are very
fragile and heavy to carry, bringing them in different places were a challenge to them.

Papyrus plant grew abundantly in the Nile river in Egypt.

The ancient Egyptians used the stem of the papyrus plant to make sails, cloth, mats,
cords, and, above all, paper.

Ancient Egyptians began writing with ink—made by burning wood or oil and mixing the
resulting concoction with water.

Like the Sumerians, Egyptians developed a system of writing called hieroglyphics.

The Egyptian invented the use of cosmetics.

Their function in ancient Egypt was for health and aesthetic.

Egyptian wore Kohl in their eyes to prevent and cure eye disease.

Kohl is a black powdery substance made from galena, an ore that is the source of the
mineral lead.

The earliest Egyptian wigs (c. 2700 b.c.e.) were constructed of human hair, but cheaper
substitutes such as palm leaf fibers and wool were more widely used. They denoted rank,
social status, and religious piety and were used as protection against the sun while
keeping the head free from vermin.

The ancient Egyptians developed a water clock made from stone, copper, or pottery. The
Greeks referred to it as a klepsydra (the Latinized variant is clepsydra), literally a “water
thief”.

Greece is an archipelago in the southern part of Europe, Known as the birthplace of

western Philosophy

The first alarm clock was created in Ancient Greece by Ctesibus, a Hellenistic engineer
and inventor.

Watermills were an important piece of mechanical equipment first built in the ancient Greek
hilly areas around the 3rd century B.C. It helped in the process of milling and graining whole
grains in a larger-scale supply model, replacing the human force to accomplish such a task.
Acta Diurna (Latin: Daily Acts, sometimes translated as Daily Public Records or poetically
as Daily Gazette) were daily Roman official notices, a sort of daily gazette.

They were carved on stone or metal and presented in message boards in public places such
as the Forum of Rome.

A codex is essentially an ancient book, consisting of one or more quires of sheets of

papyrus or parchment folded together to form a group of leaves, or pages.

Chinese civilization is Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, Also known as the
middle kingdom, China is located on the far east of Asia.

Naturally the silk is produced by the silk worm, the Chinese were the ones who developed
the technology to harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing.

Tea production was developed when an unknown Chines inventor created a machine that
was able to shred tea leaves into strips.

The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications, totaling more than
13,000 miles in length, located in northern China.

“Gunpowder,” as it came to be known, is a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur,

and charcoal. Together, these materials will burn rapidly and explode as a propellant.

The Printing press was a new mode of printing texts and books Gutenberg's invention
proved critically significant for the Renaissance that was taking place across Europe.

One of the most widely used types of helmet was the Spangenhelm. Body armor was
usually either a short-sleeved mail shirt (byrnie), made up of interlocking iron rings, or a
garment of overlapping scales of iron, bronze, or horn. Shields were oval or round and made
of light, tough wood covered with leather. Metallic mountings lined the rims. A hole in the
center of each shield was bridged by a hand grip inside and a shield boss outside. Weapons
were the spear, sword, ax, and the bow and arrow.

Pasteurization or pasteurization is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods

(such as milk and fruit juices) are treated with mild heat, usually to less than 100 °C (212 °F),
to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life.

The method was developed by French chemist Louis Pasteur during an 1864.
Petroleum refineries change crude oil into petroleum products for use as fuels for
transportation, heating, paving roads, and generating electricity and as feedstock's for
making chemicals.

A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a

conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

The Renaissance saw the invention of the mechanical calculator (by Wilhelm
Schickard and several decades later Blaise Pascal), a device that was at times
somewhat over-promoted as being able to perform all four arithmetic operations with minimal
human intervention.

A Filipino-made amphibious tricycle was introduced to the market last week in answer to
the needs of thousands Filipino residents living in perennially flooded areas as well as
low-lying communities near bodies of water. The floating trike, fittingly called the
“Salamander” was launched by H2O Technologies recently at the Capitol Commons Center
in Pasig City.

Filipina scientist Aisa Mijeno when she made the Sustainable Alternative Lighting
(SALt) lamp.

Fe del Mundo is credited with studies that led to the invention of an improved
incubator and a device to treat jaundice.

Garbo, and Josie L. Pondevida, was awarded for developing the Mosquito
Ovicidal-Larvicidal (OL) trap system. The OL trap's major accomplishment is that it
“significantly reduced mosquito densities and dengue virus transmission in various
schools and communities nationwide.