Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology

B.Sc. in Petroleum and Mining Engineering
Level-4, Term I, FinalExamination 2022
Time: 03 hours
Course No: PME 411
Full Marks: 210
Date: 3I/08/2023
Course Title: Well Test Analysis
04 ques
marks. The auestions are of equal value. There are
The figures in the right margin indicate full each section, Use separate script for each section.
in each section. Answer any 03 questions from
Section -A
07
Classify the well testing techniques based on duration and test performance. 18
distance between wells, r, was 935 1.
Apulse test was run in a reservoir in which the
Formation fluid viscosity, 4, was 0.8 cp; formation thickness, h, was 26 ft; and porosity,
hours, then
active well was shut for 2
was 0.08. In the test following rate stabilization the
Production rate.a. was 425 STB/D and
produced for 2 hours, shut in for 2 hours, etc.
amplitude AP of the fourth pulse was
formation volume factor B, was 1.26 RB/STB. The
0.629 psi, and the time lag was 0.4 hour. From these data, estimatek and ct. Use Fig (7
designed? Also illustrate the design considerations
Give a short note on how well test can be
and safety factors. 08
Which flow region is used to apply
When a drawdown test is called reservoir limit testing'?
reservoir limit testing? 20
the drainage area for a well. Combine
Use the given long-time drawdown data to estimate
the long- and short-time data to estimate the reservoir shape. Known reservoir data area:
= 1.14 RB/STB, Ho
h= 130ft, =20o, ru =0.25 ft, P, =1154 psi, qo 348 STB/D, B,
data from the figures 2 (b).
3.93 cp, C =8.74 x 10- psi, Collect all other required 07
conducted?
Define stabilization time. How multiphase flow can be 10
aD where symbols have their usual
Define wellbore storage. Prove that S =1- CD dtp
meaning 8
into a sand at 2120 ft through 4.75 in.,
Define wellbore storage coefficient. Water is injectedcoefficient for i) a wellbore injection
16.00 lb,m casing. Estimate the wellbore storage Vu z 0o161 bbbld
pressure of 400 psi and ii) a wellhead vacuum.
calculate the dimensionless wellbore storage
Use = 0.15, h = 30 ft, and r =3.5 in. to psi'.
coefficient. Water compressibility is 3.25 x 10-ó
advantages of pulse testing over conventional 07
What is fracture reservoir? Mention the
interference testing.
dPp VS on identical log 5+5
with a type curve of tp dPp
4a. A well test plot of AP vs. t is matched Cp
=10
point yields:
log scale paper. The match tp
Cne2s = 5.9 x 10, AP = 1200 psi, t= 15 hours, C
= 170, P5 = 85
value.
Determine: i) permeability, and ii) skin
method, when and why production time to should be 06
In Mathews-Brons-Hazebroke (MBH)
time, tpss?
replaced by pseudo steady state
drainage region pressure. The given data are:
Using MBH method, calculate average
14
d=009 C. = 22.6x 10-6 psi', k= 12.8 mD.,attached t = 310 hrs. Estimated drainage radius 264o
got from the figure 4(c).
ft. Allother required data can be it.
conducted? Explain 0
How a pulse test is

Section -B
analysis?
obtain from well test
What informations can you unit)
05
dimensionless time from Sl unit to field
Sb How would vou convert the 05
A draw down test was conducted on a new oil welliin alarge reservoir. Given data in Table
= 2790 psia, Sx
1050 STB/D. Initial reservoir pressure Porosity 0.35.
A: Flow rate = 5=
25

Page 1 of 2
 0.333 ft, Oil formation volume factor = 13
Formation thickness = 40 f. Wellbore radius =
psi.
RB/STB, Oil viscosity = 1.6 cp, Total compressibility = 3 x 10
Table A: Pressure drawdown data.
6 9 10
Time 2.5 3 4 5
(hr)
2065 2015 1975 1956
Puf 2500 2475 2300 2270 2150 2105
(psi)
Using this data, calculate:
The average permeability of the area around the well,
) Skin factor
Drainage area
w) Pressure derivative during steady state flow
If it is non-linear,
) Is the curve non-linear at early times or late times?
describe the reason of it.
12
Define DST.What are the objectives of DST? IIlustrate atypical DST figure.
A well is produced for a period of 100 hrs prior to closure for an initial pressure buildup 5+5
+5+
survey. The following parameters are known for the reservoir and this well: 5+2
9shut-in = 133 STB/day, geum =800 STBday, h = 25 ft, rw = 0.38 ft, A = 325 acres, Bo = = 22
1.25 rb/stb, = 0.23, u =1.2 cp, c = 28 x 100 psi'.
The pressure recordings during the buildup test area listed in table below:
Closed-in time, Wellbore pressure, Closed-in time, Wellbore pressure,
At (hours) Pws (Psi) At (hours) Pws (Psi)
0.0 5500 4 5890
0.5 5665 5 5910
5690 6 5920
0.66
1.0 5700 7 5960
5735 5970
1.5
5795 5995
2
5835
Usiig above data,
àConstruct a Horner plot for this test,
) Determine the initial reservoir pressure
provided the reservoir is IA during the entire
build-up test,
) Determine reservoir permeability,
iý Calculate mechanical skin factor,
skin?
yWhat is the additional pressure drop due to
13
schematic diagram.
Explain the superposition theorem with constant
conducted by flowing the well at 4 different
22
An initial test in a discovery well is the table below (multi -rate testing):
shown
rates over a period of 12 hours as Pur(Psia)
Flowing time (hours) Oil rate (STB/D)
3500 (Initial)
700 3240
3
1400 3150
6
2100 3090
9
2800 4 2995

block.
geometry with wellin center of corner
Wellinformation: Rectangular 2:1 >x 10-7
acres,B= 1.43 RB/STB, H=1.2 cp, c =24
=0.23, h=20 ft, r, =0.28 ft. A = 85 the permeability and
Assuming the entire period of 12 hours is IA reservoir, determine
psi".
mechanical skin factor.
compressible fluid
possible assumptions for a slightly
Derive the diffusivity equation with all
in radial coordinates.
plot with neat sketch.
Discuss different flow periods in a derivative average
Horner's method for estimating drainage regon
Define alse pressure. Explain the
curve to mention false pressure
pressure. Draw a typical pressure buildup
-.-End-
Page 2 of 2
 EVEN PULSES F-03
ohic
PuseAospnsa
Ampituda EXCEPT THE FIPST
0 4
02

0D030

0.0025

0.0020
0.7

0.0015

0.c01D
5
2
1 1
(Tme Lagiyce ergih;. tAic

Figure lb (): Relation between time lag and response amplitude for all
even pulses after the first. (After Kamal and brigials
1976).

0.200

AL EVEN PULSES
EXCEPT THE FTRST
EEEE F-0.1
G. 175

(rhpir 0.150

Làag EEEEEEE
Time 0.125

Dmarsonbs .4

0.100 0.5

0.8

0.7
0.075

0.050

0.025 7 9

10 1
me Lagcycle Lengn). 'E

even pulses after the first. (A fter Kamal Iand

time lag and cycle length for all Brigham, 1976)
Figure lb (ii): Relation between
 T

Pressure.
+Hole
Bottom1300
S L O P E- m

la1200
PROBABLED

1100

1000
5 4 3 2 8 65 4 3 8 6 5 4 3
10 1
10

5
H H
(p-p/m
POMBH=2.303 HEXAGON AND CIRCLE
4SOUAAE
HEQUILATEAAL TAIANGLE

RHOMMBUS

AIGHT TRIANGLE

2 3 456789 3 4 5 67 89
3 4 5 6789 10
10-2 10-1
Dimensionless Productiorn Time, oA

pressure for a well in the centerof equilateral drainage areas

Tigure 4 (c): Matthews- Brons-Hazebroek dimensionless
(Copyright SPE, 1977).
PSG
970

Pwf960

PRESSURE,

940 m R PSIG YCLE

930
FLOWING

FLOW TIME, , MR
Figure for Q-2b: Senilog duta plot far the drawdown test

FLOWING
PRESSURE,

SIG
Dwf
940

int 8 PSIG HR

920

900
I2 20 24
38
FLOWING TIME, , HR
Tigure fo 0-20: aris sicn piot or de tasdornles
 Table 6-4
Shape Factors for Various
(After Eariougher, R., Advances in
permission to publish by the SPE, Single-WelWelll Drainage
Test Areas
copyright SPE,Anal197T)
ysis
in Bounded 2 2458 Use Infinite System
Less than
Reservoirs C in CA Exact 1% Evror Solution with Lers
for na > For toa > Than 1, fnor
tor oa <
i62 34538 -1:224

006

A --1,)544
007

007

30865
-1.|387

0.098 -}.3227 +1.5659

34302

-?74

4.5|3) 5070
(06

I2045 --0,1077 0,7

(01

- I373

E I0.8374 2.38 30 --),7S70 ()4

4.514| 1.5072 -)49I

()760 0 7361 -,0301

|573 |497 -).17)3 0.i5

 Formula Sheet For PME-411(Well Test Analysis)
P P, -
2nkh

Pw = Pe
141.2ql|in()+
kh

141.2quB
kh

141.2quB
Pw = pPe
kh "-)-|
Pw =p- 141.2quB
kh

141.2quB
Pw =p
kh

dp 0.2339q
dt CAØh
4
Pw = CAOh Pi 2kh 2
Pi-Pw =
0.2339qB
t + 162 6qbLog () - log Ca + 0:8686 S
CAØh kh

4A
+ A D+s

4Kt
Pw = P 4kh yøucrz
162.6quB K
-3.2274+ 0.86865|
Pw =p, -
kh |log t +log oucra
S
Pp = 1.151 logtp + 0.4046 +
Po =(n (ep) + 0.8091) +S;
log(Ap) = log (At) + log ) Kh
.000264Kt
.000264Kt
- Pp = 141.2gBu AP
Cp 2nØchr p Ducr r~ Øucr?

.000264Kt
tpA ØucA

koj-1) +qnS
2kh
- po(tn)]=) Aq,Po(on -
j=1
70.62quB Po(MBH); P. =p+ 888.2quB LDA
Pw = P -:162.6qub
kh
loa ( kh
kh

K
- 3.2274 + 0.8686S
P.-Pwn 162.2uBog(tn -y-)+ log Øucr
;
kh
qn
("Pin - 3.2275)
0.0002537 k M Oc, =antilog
r²u
n

Oc, =
 Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering &Technology
B.Sc. in Petroleum and Mining
Engineering
Level-4, Term I, Final Examination 2022
Course No: PME 461 Time: 03 hours
Full Marks: 210
Course Title: Mine Ventilation and
Engineering Environmental Date: 24/08/2023

The figures in the right margin are 04 questions

indicate full marks. The questions are of cqual value. There
in each section. Answer any 03 questions from each section, Use separate script for each seoio
Section -A
8
On which principles the gas detection methods are based on? Explain briefly. Tabulate
possible gas detection methodsIs ofthe following mine gases- i) Oxygen, ii) Carbon monoxide.
iii) Methane, iv) Hydrogen sulfide, and v) Oxides of nitrogen.
12
State the limiting factors along with the functional factors of dilation ventilation.
requirements. An inflow of 3.0 cfm of a strata gas occurs whenever cutting and loadin
operations are conducted in a stope. The inflow causes with the stoppage of cutting and
loading. The MAC of this strata gas is 600 ppm. At the current time. the cutting and loading
operations are frequently interrupted due to gassing out. Concentration of the gas in the intake
air top the stope is 78ppm. Consider a breast stope 200' wide, 3' high, with 200 between
the levels. Initial concentration of the gas in the stope 75 ppm. Intake air quantity of the stope
3000 cfm. Calculate the length of time from the start of work after which work must be
stopped due to the gas concentration exceeding the MAC.
05
Tabulate the summary of methane recovery methods from underground mines w.r.to method
names, methane quality and recovery efficiency.
State the Atkinson equation for friction loss in mine ventilation. When and why hydraulic 05
radius (R) is introduced in Atkinson equation?
Calculate the combined friction-shock loss for each airway shown in Fig. 2(b), and determine
30
the head losses in the system and the mine heads. Given the following characteristics:
min2 lb
K= 125 x 10-10]b. Q= 40,000 cfm, w = 0.0750 Also determine the required
ft4
airpower in HP for the ventilation system. The airvway dimensions are listed below:
Airway Size (ft) Length (ft)
AB 12 × 25 810
6346
BC 10 × 10 800
Cor CD 10 x 12 370
DE 6X 8 1s0
EF 7x8 300
FG 6x7 180
GH 6x9 450
HI 10 x 25 850

koL

S2A:

Gradual expansion Abrupt contraction

Gradual contraction

Figure 2(b). Mine ventilation sy stem.

Page 1of 3
 the square of the quantity
3a. Show that any mine head or head loss varies as
the following values of resistance for the 30
3b. For the ventilation circuit shown in Fig. 3 (b),
in.min/f" x 1010 throughout:
individual airways have been determined with R in units of
=0.95, R& =1.5, Ro =I.35, Rio =
KË=0.5, R,= 1.2, Rj=1, Ra= 0,75. Rs =1.25, R6= 1.3, R;
0.4, R1u =1.15, R)=0.75. Ri=0.5. R4= L.5, and R1s= 0.98.
static head, given that
Determine the cquivalent resistance for the entire system and the mine
quantity divider rule, find the
the tan is exhausting air at the rate of 130.000 cfin. Using the
network
quantity of air flowing through each airway. Sketch the stepwise reduction of simple
to cquivalent airway.

15

12

Figure 3 (b): Mine ventilation scheme.

Why mechanical ventilation devices are used in underground mine ventilation? Tabulate the 10
Aa.
classification of mechanical ventilation equipment used in mines.
Sketch the coward diagram for methane gas. Explain the critical points of this diagram. 10

of monitoring 15
A large section of a mine has been sealed after a fire occurred. After a period
the atmosphere behind the seals, the analysis is:
73.7%.
CO;: 10.0%; 02:9.2%; CO: 2.9%; CH4: 1.1%; H2: 3.1%; N2:
Determine:

) The ICO value and the TR value,

of these calculations,
ii) State the implication of each
other parts of the mine for construction and
Äii) The mine manager unique to reopen thecontinues to cool down and achieve a stable
production work while the sealed area
mine should be reopened.
atmosphere. Provide a conclusion as to whatever the

Section -B
an underground mine, 05
a burning question in our country. In
rSa These days, saving of power aishuge amount of power. As a ventilation specialist, how can
ventilation system consumes
for a ventilation system?
you make a power saving design upcast and one downcast shaft,
both 20
temperature survey is made of a mine that has one the pressure at the
A underground workings are horizontal, and temperatures were
6000 ft (1829m) deep. The 24.33 in. Hg (81.82 kPa). Dry-bulb
down shaft collar was measured as
recorded as follows:
Bottom of downcast shaft = 66'F,
Top of downcast shaft = 42 °F,
of upcast shaft = 72 'F.
Bottom of upcast shaft = 84 'F, Top virtual temperature method.
Also find the
head using
Calculate the natural ventilation
data:
quantity of flow. The other given
min?
23-97
Airways, K =100x 10-10|b ft* (at w = 0.0750 )
head.
Disregard shock loss and velocity
Airway size = 10 x 20 ft, followed while determining the
direction
be
and observations should
What are the producers ventilation?
of flow from natural particles? Define Stoke's
determine the setlino velocity of dust
applied to
Why Stoke's law is um diesel particie
diameter. factor. C- is necessary to apply? if a0.5opening, how long
Correction a mine
When the Cunnigham air at a height of 2 m above the floor of specitic gravity of 0.6?
into quiescent opening if it has a
IS released fail to thefloor of the Page 2 of 3
for the particle to
willit take
 Assume that the free
Pa.s.The density mean
of the
path for airr is 6.6 x 10-8 m. The viscosity of the air is L.8Ix10-5
Aminer is particle is
known to have been 2.10 g/cm' : I.2
10
mg/m' for agiven working year.subjectedWhat istoMiner' s deposited
an average dose ofdustrespirable
respirable dustforofthe
concentration
year if that Miner
worked for rate
that the average inhalation 8hr isper500
daycm'/s,
for 240thedaysprobability
and did notof wear
dust apenetration
Assume
respirator? into the
alveolar region i_ 0.6, and the probability of deposition on entry into the alveolar regions is
0.3.
03
Mention all the factors that determine dust
harmfulness.
How can you make an airway design economics? What are the basics offeconomic design of
10

an airway?
10
How does the size and shape of an airway play vital role on making an economic design?
Explain the size and shape of the airways in Barapukuria coal mine. 08
What is 'dimensional relationship' in airway design? What is the correlation between
dimensional relationship and relative head loss? 07
airway?
Why character of the surface is important in analyzing the power consumption of an
15
8¡d For a circular airway, derive
7
10-+ok(L +Le)Q3
D= l6.25 x h,CeCL
Where symbols have their usual meanings. 15
Given the following data for a circular concrete-lined shat:
L= 1000 ft, K = 30 * 10-10|b."O = 250,000 cfm, Life = 20 years,
Interest on capital = 10%. Taxes, insurance, maintenance =3%.
Annual capital investment recovery factor = 0.14746.
Ce

$0.05 ft.
Power cost = KWh To = 70%, L = 0
$255
Excavation cost =
yd3
shaft.
Find the optimal shaft volume for a circular concrete-lined
following conditions apply: 05
Determine the load loss for a square drift assuming the
min insurance, maintenance =2%,
K= 70 * 10-10 |b. ftt Life = 25 years, Taxes,
= L = 9 0 0 ft, L, = 0 ft. n, =
cost
O= 150.000 cfm, Excavation cost = yd3 Power KWh'

68%. ---End--.
 various sources of shock loss.
Table: Equivalent lenghths for
Source ft (m)
Source (m) ()
Contraction, gradual
Bend, acute, round 3 () Contraction,abrupt 10 (3)
Bend, acute, sharp I50 (45) Expansion, gradual (0)
Bend, right, round () 20 (6)
(20)
Expansion, abrupt
Bend, right, sharp 70 Splitting,. straight branch 30 (10)
Bend, obtuse, round () 200 (60)
Splitting, deflected
Bend, obtuse, sharp I5 (S)
branch (90°)
Junction, straight branch 60 (20)
Doorway 70 (20) 30 (10)
Overcast 65 (20)
Junction, deflected
branch (90°)
Mine car or skip J00 (30)
Inlet 20 (6)
(20% of airway area)
Mine car or skip S00 (150)
Discharge 65 (20)
(40% of airway area)

Formula Sheet

V, = PD;8 |+ 2.52A
V, =
Pp D,g C
1 C. =
18 NRe D, 18 u

L
H, = (P2 - P3) H, = S.2 (Wd IP,)
2 H, = 13.6 (p2- p3)

3 H, = gL(Wu W)
H., = (T,-
S.27TA wL H, = wgL

H, = 0.255P, L
LIRA t4
H, =
H, - 3.484p»L(
5 H, = 0.03 in./I0°F/100 ft

5.2 H,A H,A)

6
VKO(L + L) VKO(L + L)

RT; Pi+=
p.
T+= i 778 x 0.24)

H, a .25 K(L + L.)Q'

 Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering
Chit agongB.Sc.University of Engineering & Technology
in Petroleum and Mining
Engineering
Levei-4, Term I, Final Examination 2022
Course No: PME 463 Full Marks: 210
Time: 03 hours
Course Title: Mine Planning and full marks. The questionsDate: 14/09/2023
The figures in the right margin indicate
in each
Design are of equal value. There are 04 questions
alenn onsea
section. Answer any 03 questions from each section. Use separate Script for each section.
suldii,
Section -A
7+8
What are the main features of Conceptual Mine Planning"? What objectives are nomally
thought to be achieved through conceptual mine planning? narse Tehoos 13
Compare among 'Short-Range','Medium-Range', and 'Long-Range' Mine Planning 07
Show how the optimal production rate of amining company are influenced by selimi
and variable cost.
geology? 3+6
Define Ore Reserve'. What is the difference between 'Resource and 'Reserve' in =9

6.) Explain the basic principles of ore reserve estimation technique. 07

What are the advantages of polvgonal method of ore estimation over triangle method?
reserve
Assuming the following values for X(1.2.3) and Y (1.2.3). Calculate the area of the
AA:
Point Easting (X), m Northing (Y), m
1500 1700
2 1850 2100
3 2300 700
15
aa. )A mining company has a contract to sell 7000 tons of metal X' per year. The mined material
metal and the processing plant recovers 40%. The layers being
contains 1.5 % ofthe contained mined material is 2.8. Calculate the intae'
mined has a thickness of 25 ft. The specific gravity of the
metal.
size of the area that should be exposed to extract the
benches: 3x3
3b. Write down the function of the below mentioned
provn =9
i) Catch bench,
Double bench,
ii) Working bench.
Calculate the overall pit slope, of thegiven figure 3(c). 06

m Y:

360

Figure: 3 (c)

'Instantancous` Stripping Ratio,

3d) Compare between 'Overall' and

Page 1 of 2
 precisely? What informations 'A General
prepared accuratelyand
Why 'Mine Map' should be
Aa. Mine Map' normallv contain?
mnethod that are practiced
of Geostatistical mcthod over conventional
x4b. What are the advantages
estimate ore reserve? figure 4(c) have 18
in mine field to
three different types of deposits in
variograms for deposit. Compile the
4ç From a realexperiment, curve depicts the nature of the
been generated. The
trend of the nature based upon the
and determ ine the deposit
intormation from each variogram
information.
Section -B
10
engineering and environmental
importance of test mine from
What is test mine? Write 25
perspective. and netaHe for slice G1,
ore description is shown in figure 5(b). Calculate stripping ratio
Sb. An
Gz, G1.
G2 Surface
Overburden
Iop ot Rock
\G1
G3-.6 0.7 0.8 0.7
0.9 0.8 0.5
0.9 0.9
Ore Blocks by Level
L6 0.7
o. 0.9 1.0 1.0 With Grade (%)
.0 N0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9

0,9 0.9 0.p

0.5 o.8J I.0 7
150 ft Waste

Figure: 5(b)
20
mining project. Project income is
ba. Suppose your company is going to invest $10,000 in a 5 operating expenses are
estimated to be $7000, $9000, $9200, $8900, $8800 through year Ito
respectively. If salvage value
estimated to be $2300, $2800, $3000, $3200, $3300 in year Ito 5, o34
rate of return of this investment after tax.
is $2000 and effective tax rate is 32%; Calculate 10
6b. Describe safety consideration for designing an ore pass.
planning? 05
mine
Ge. Why floating cone technique is popular in open pit
mine.machine. How youcan choose appropriate one?
10
Suppose you have several suppliers for a 07
(6.)Which factors limit the mine size?
machine and calculate OEE using data given
Prepare annual time flow sheet for a rotary drilling
below table:
Items Hours

1. Total hours 8544

2. Downtime 1430
7114
3. Up-time 840
4. Standby
6264
5. Working hours
6. Pause hours 864
5400
7. Operating hours<
864
8. Operating delay hours
4536
9. Efficiency hours <
litter of water per minute.
Calculate power of pump 17
250 m depth produces 400
A mine of in conduit.
required to maintain velocity of l m/s mine planning?
08

types of technical information is required for preliminary

D. Which an UCS of
for a depth of 300 m in a stratumn that has
operation is planned pillars are square.
A room and pillar entries and cross cuts are 6 m, safety factor is 1.5 and
IS.57 MPa. Supp0se extraction ratio and pillar dimensiOn.
Calculate the maximum allowable
---End--. Page 2 of 2
 (a10'
r(h) )

120
?10
Distance (íeet x 10)
Figure 4(c) i: Typical
variogram for a stratabound deposit (Barnes, 1979b).

Yih)

350

Co Warcgram

60 120 10 240
Dslanc itpet

Figure4c) ii: Typical variogram for aporphyry copper deposit (Barnes. 1979b).

10

1979h)
Fiuure 4(c)iii: Iypical varIOgram tor a gold deposit(Barnes,
 Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering
ChittagongB.Sc.University
in
of Engineering &Technology
Petroleum and Mining Engineering
Level-4, Term L. FinalExamination 2022
Course No: PME 417 Full Marks: 210
Time:03 hours
Course Title:
Unconventional
The figures in the right Reservoir Engineering Date: 07 /09/2023 questions
margin indicate full marks. questions are of equal value. There are 04
in each section. Answer any 03
auestions from eachThe
section. Use separate script Tor ca

Section A 10
parameters to
What is unconventional resource? Briefly explain the key indicators and
assign for unconventional petroleum. 10

Illustrate and explain main types of unconventional petroleum with neat sketcn. 07
Write down the major characteristics of Heavy oiland Bitumen reservoir. 08
Write a short note about the effect of temperature on sorption isotherms.
06
wiG
(2a. List the types of naturally fractured reservoir. Explain the important factorS
considering fractures in carbonated reservoirs. 09
evaluations ad
2b.) What are direct and indirect sources of information for engineering
characteristics of NFR?
05
Distinguish between fracture porosity and matrix poroiity. 8+7
Define the following terms: -15
Fracture storage capacity,
ii) Uniform flux fractures,
Storativity ratio,
iv) Interporosity flow coefficient.
assumptions.
Also, explain the Warren and Root model with appropriate
of fracture shape on the 4+6
What is transient matrix flow model? Explain the effects
fa. permeability - porosity relationship.
=10

significance of proximate and ultimate 07

s6. Classify the macerals of coal. Write down the
analysis of coal.
influence coal permeability? 08
3c. How stress and matrix shrinkage
which pointed out by Remner et al
3d. Describe two distinct porosity systems of coalbeds
6+4
200 mD and cleat
1986). Also estimate the cleat porosity if the coal cleats permeability is -10
spacing is 0.05 cm.
of coal fractured reservoir
Illustrate and explain the face cleat and butt cleat 08
apparent in coal well tests?
Why dual porosity behavior is not 07
rather than deep coals?
4 Why Tank test is more amenable to shallow 06
A nrefrac pressure falloff test of a San Juan Basin coal well was completed in 4) ot S+6
4d. water-saturated Fruitland coal. and the wellbore radius was 0.2 ft. Water formajon
+3
volhume factor was 1.0 rb/stb, and VIscosity was 0.5 cp. Coal porosity was 0 01
14
compressibility was 9.2 X 10 psia ". The test consisted of water injection at a
360 bpd for 12 hr; followed by a shut-in of 28 hr. Pressure at shut-in was \856 psia. Test
plotted in Fig. 4(d).
data and various time functions are
factor, and
Calculate the coal reservoir permeability, wellbore skin initial
pressure.
reservoir
 1900

1900

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200
0.001
0.01 0.1 1 10
cqulvalent time, hours

Fig. 4(d): WellA, Prefrac PFOT- semi log plot, Pressure vs. Horner
equivalent time.

Section -B

"Ashale gas reservoir is characterized as a

self-contained source-reservoir system". Expla1n. 08
Which parameters need to be considered for ashale gas reservoir to
become a successfu! 12
shale gas play?
Why does the brittleness of a formation need to be
considered during the characteristics of a
shale formation? k
Write down the characteristics of oil shale.
05

How is the levelof maturity of a shale reservoir measured?

10
Suppose you have conducted a seismic survey for a given layer thickness and kerogen content 12
of a shale formation. How willyou separate the reservoir facies from the
non-reservoir ones?
What are the environmental concerns of shale gas fornation ? ote onie 06
Which economic factors are considered for shale gas and oil production? 3 61 07

Select an appropriate fracturing mechanism for improving shale gas reservoir production for
the following case: "Low formation permeability in which natural fractures are not well
developed".
Explain the staged fracturing technique.
Describe the factors affecting multi-fracture retwork fracturing?

Whal are the in-s1tucond1tions for idhe fornatton of Natural Gas Hydrate (NG and hev.
does it form?
Describe he principal mechanism of CO; injection in an NGH reservoir with neat sketch. w
What are the recommended operational modifications for driling agas hydrate reservoir'w
---Fnd--
P r r e sltouw

Sine

d e p t t
o t i e r .

7
 Department of Petroleum and Mining
Chittagong University of Engineering &Engineering
Technolog)
B.Sc. in Petroleum and Mining
Engineering
Level-4, Term I, Final Examination 2022
Course No: PME 419 Time: 03 hours
Full Marks: 210
Course Title: LPG and LNG
Operations Date: 21/09/2023 are04
The figures in the right margin indicate full equal value. There each
marks.
questions in each section. Answer any 03 questionsThe questions are of scriptfor
from cach section. Use separate
section.

Section -A 10

Represent the LNG producing facility with a proper illustration. 10

6.) Differentiate between the finger-type and vessel type slug catcher. 10
How would you monitor the operations of a slug catcher and maintain 1t? 05
operation of an NGL
Enumerate some of the common problems that arise during the
recovery unit. Fia, stor n
12
plant? Is lean oil absorption process
Why NGL recovery unit is installed in the LNG
applicable for base-load LNG plant? Explain. 12 u
hydrotreating unit? Describe the primary
Zb/ What do you mean by condensate
components of this unit. 11
plant during the emergency situation!
What are the shutdown sequences of an LNG
enhanced 3+l2
process? How energy consumption can be
Ga What is waste heat recovering = 15
with expanders? 15
operational variables that are required to maintain the LNG tank
Summarize the key
at the desired pressure. 05
AGRUcan be identified?
l3 How the abnormality of lean loading in an
10
control system (DCS).
Demonstrate the elements of a distributed
10
an LNG plant?
4h Why automation is important for 10
prevented from rolling over?
. How an LNG plant can be 05
safeguards?
How does the slug catchers work as

Section -B

between LPG and LNG?

What are the key differences
10

Why is 100 % propane used as LPG in winter countries? 08

mathematically.
. Why LPG cylinders are failed longitudinally? Explain 12

How LPGcan be dangerous? 0

engineer in an LPG unit. Which tests sw.2u
6a, Suppose vou bare aquality control cylinder? 10
LPG
perform to check the quality of
of energy?
ob. What makes LNGa clean source
Treatment Section (GTS)? Whv did food
What are the components of Gas 349
yoc. entering the liquefaction plant?
topass through the GIS before
compression refrigeration cycle.
bd. Draw the schematic of avapor 08

Page of 2
 Theoretically, how can we
identify the most
liquefaction process? thermodynamically efficient
What measures should be taken to
prevent LNG spill?
Why expander refrigeration cycle is used in
offshore natural gas liquefaction? 12
Suppose you are assigned to design an LNG plant in a cold
will youconsider to overcome the climate. Which factors 06
8b.
challenges of the weather?
For an Ideal Linde-Hampson
can be expressed as: liquefaction process, prove that the liquid yield, y 15

y=
hit h
hË - h
Where, hË, hz, h represent enthalpy at
corresponding points.
How will you differentiate exergy analysis from
the energy analysis? 06
Compare the properties of zeotropic and azeotropic mixture. 08
---End--
 Department of
Chittagong Petroleum and Mining
University of
B.Sc. in PetroleumEngincering & Engineering
and Mining Technology
Level-4, Term 1, Final Engineering
Examination
2022
Course No: PME 451
Time: 03 hours
Course Title: Hcalth, Safety and Full Marks: 210
Petroleum and Mining Industries Environment in Date: 0|/102025
The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. The questions are of equal value. There are 04 questions
in eachsection. Answer any 03 guestions from each section. Use separate script for cach
Seeio

Section -A
14
Define occupational hygiene. How anOHSM system can benefits the petroleum
and mining industries? 3x7
Construct fishbone diagram for the following cases = 21
i) Oil spill,
ii) Oxygen deprivation,
iii) Mine accident.
12
challenging than dealing with other
Why oil and gas fires prevention is more
types of fires? 15
Illustrate the FERA methodology through a flowchart. 08
containing 50% propane, 30o
Calculate the LFL for amixture of HC gases
component
methane and 20% ethane. Following is the LFL for each
Propane: 2.1%, Methane: 4.7%, Ethane: 3%.
05
Discuss about the possible health effects of dust.
for a mine area?
Why methane gas production is dangerous 15
influence air pollution?
How the activities of apetroleum refining
05
limit the exposure?
4a. How the administrative controls help to 15
loss of biodiversity?
4b. How mining activities contribute to the
relative diffusion rates of hydrogen and 05
What is Fugitive emission? What are the
4c.
a pipe fitting?
oxygen gases through a pinhole leak in
gas from offshore oil extraction 5+5
4d. Describe the negative effects of: i) Flaring of = 10
platforms, ii)Oil spills in the ocean.

Section -B
met
Boropukuria coal mine. There you have 14
Suppose recently, you have visited site harm
How the toxic substances of that
with many engineers and workers. any acute or chronic effects? List these
their body? Are they suffering from
acute and chronic effects?
effects and differentiate between
the context of risk assessment 06
What are the drawbacks of util1zing HAZOP in
and management?
mine company, named"X*
Sc Aforeign engineer has recently JOined at a renowned
assessment of that site. How he can
Heis given the responsibility to perform risk
in details.
conduct the work? Describe the steps

Page 1 of 2
6a. Suppose, you are sent toany underground mine without any personal protective 10
equipment. What types of injuries youhave faced during journey?
What is petroleum act in Bangladesh? Why organizations define and have a 4 5
health and safety policy? 09

6c. Consider yourself as a HAZOP committee member of company "A". You are a 4 +3
project engineer. Your company has efficient members. A massive blowout has +3 +6
occurred in anearby gas field. Now answer the following questions: - 16

1) Draw a flow diagram of HASOP planning and execution process that

has performed by your company.
ii) What will be your responsibilities?
iii) What will be the responsibility of plant manager?
iv) Do you think that your team work really important and beneficial for
others? Or the affected site? Discuss with appropriate logic. Also,
mention your team's limitations?

10
Ta In recent times, the whole world is going through crisis. The oil price is not
stable. Among these situations, Flooding" in Chittagong isa disaster. How you
can relate this disaster, risk and crisis management.
Calculate the percent dose for a worker who is exposed to 4 hours of 92 dBA, 3 10
hours of 100 dBA and 1 hours of 115 dBA. Is it acceptable? Again, using these
dose reading, find the 8-h TWAbased noise.
prevention. 5+ 10
You are an HSE engineer. So, designa selection process for pollution = 15
model.
Draw a conceptual design of the pollution prevention
10
8a. What is CDM? Write down the major steps of EIA.
industries can make its 10
Describe the ways through which oil and gas
sustainable.
infrastructure cleaner, greener and more an 10
this site after operation completion. As
Your company mixed a site and left as it was
by your company to back the site
HSE engineer, you are now engaged pollution control techniques you willapply
before mining. What types of land
and how? Describe shortly.
per day, what
the BODs of awaste is 54 mg/L and the rate constant is 0.175
Bd If
BOD?
is the estimated ultimate
---End--