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CH 1.2 Multimedia

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8 views3 pages

CH 1.2 Multimedia

Uploaded by

abrash.omairkhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science


9618 AS

1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound


Graphics
Bitmapped Images
Understanding Data Encoding for Bitmapped Images:
 Bitmapped Image: Also known as a raster image, is made up of pixels (picture
elements), where each pixel represents a small portion of the image.
 Data Encoding: Each pixel in a bitmapped image is stored as a binary value, where
the number of bits used to store each pixel determines the image’s colour depth.
Key Terms:
 Pixel: The smallest unit of a bitmapped image. Each pixel represents a single point
of colour in the image.
o Example: A 10x10 pixel image has 100 pixels.
 File Header: A section of the image file that contains metadata about the image,
such as the width, height, colour depth, and compression method.
 Image Resolution: The number of pixels in an image, typically expressed as width x
height (e.g., 1920x1080 pixels).
 Screen Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on a screen, often described in
terms of pixels per inch (PPI).
 Colour Depth/Bit Depth: The number of bits used to represent the colour of each
pixel. Higher bit depth allows more colours to be represented.
o Example:
 1-bit depth: 2 colours (black and white)
 8-bit depth: 256 colours
 24-bit depth: 16.7 million colours
Calculating File Size for a Bitmap Image:
 Formula:
o File Size (in bits) = Image Resolution x Colour Depth
o Convert to bytes by dividing by 8.
o Example: A 100x100 image with a 24-bit colour depth:
 File size = 100 x 100 x 24 = 240,000 bits = 30,000 bytes (30 KB)

Effects of Changing Elements on Image Quality and File Size:

Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074


1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science
9618 AS

 Image Resolution:
o Increasing resolution improves quality but increases file size.
o Decreasing resolution reduces quality and decreases file size.
 Colour Depth:
o Increasing colour depth enhances image quality by allowing more colours but
increases file size.
o Reducing colour depth reduces the number of possible colours, decreasing
quality and file size.
Vector Graphics
Understanding Data Encoding for Vector Graphics:
 Vector Graphic: Represents images using geometrical primitives like points, lines,
curves, and shapes, defined mathematically rather than by pixels.
 Data Encoding: Each object in a vector graphic is stored with its properties (e.g.,
position, shape, colour).
Key Terms:
 Drawing Object: An individual component of a vector graphic, such as a line, circle,
or rectangle.
 Property: Characteristics of a drawing object, such as colour, line thickness, or
position.
 Drawing List: A list containing all the drawing objects and their properties in a vector
graphic.
Justification for Using Bitmap or Vector Graphics:
 Bitmap:
o Suitable for complex images with many colours and details, like photographs.
o However, scaling a bitmap image can cause loss of quality (pixelation).
 Vector:
o Ideal for images that require scaling without loss of quality, such as logos and
diagrams.
o File sizes are often smaller, and the images are resolution-independent.

Sound
Understanding Sound Representation and Encoding:

Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074


1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science
9618 AS

 Sound Encoding: Involves converting analog sound waves into digital form by
sampling the sound at regular intervals.
 Analog vs Digital Data:
o Analog Data: Continuous and can take any value in a given range.
o Digital Data: Discrete and represented as binary values (0s and 1s).
Key Terms:
 Sampling: The process of measuring the amplitude of an analog sound wave at
regular intervals to create a digital representation.
 Sampling Rate (Sampling Frequency): The number of samples taken per second,
measured in Hertz (Hz).
o Example: A sampling rate of 44.1 kHz means 44,100 samples per second.
 Sampling Resolution (Bit Depth): The number of bits used to represent each
sample, which determines the precision of the sound data.
o Example:
 8-bit: 256 possible amplitude values
 16-bit: 65,536 possible amplitude values
Impact of Changing Sampling Rate and Resolution:
 Sampling Rate:
o Increasing the sampling rate improves sound quality but increases file size.
o Decreasing the sampling rate reduces quality but decreases file size.
 Sampling Resolution:
o Higher resolution increases sound accuracy and file size.
o Lower resolution decreases accuracy and file size.
Example Calculation:
 File Size:

o File Size = Sampling Rate x Sampling Resolution x Duration (in seconds)


o Example: A 10-second audio clip at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate with 16-bit
resolution:
 File size = 44,100 x 16 x 10 = 7,056,000 bits = 882,000 bytes
(approximately 860 KB)

Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074

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