GROUP 9

Names:
Laica Abadesco
Leanne Joy Cervales
Ryan Ramos

TOPIC: Ethics and Social Responsibility; Impact of the business

in Society.

What is Ethics?
The established customs, morals and fundamental human relationships that
exist throughout the world.

Foundations of Ethics:
 Values are the relatively permanent, deeply held preferences of individuals or
groups. Thee form the basis for attitudes and personal choices.

Instrumental Values: Standards of conduct or methods for attaining end.

Terminal Values: Goals an individual will ultimately achieve.

Ethics and Information Technology:

 Employee Perspective: Concerns about organizations and government
agencies gaining greater access to private information about individuals.
 Organizational Perspective: Concerns over unethical acts by employees as a
result of access to information technology in the workplace.
 Societal Perspective: Also, concerns rose regarding businesses providing
costumer information to other organizations.

Ethical Dilemma:
 A situation, in which a person must decide whether to do something that,
although beneficial to oneself or the organization, may be considered unethical
and perhaps illegal.

Managerial Guidelines for Ethical Dilemmas:

 Utility Approach: A situation in which decisions are based on an evaluation
of the overall amount of good that will result.
 Human Rights Approach: A situation in which decisions are made in light of
the moral entitlements of human beings.
 Justice Approach: A situation in which decisions are based on an equitable,
fair, and impartial distribution and cost among individual and groups.

Reasons for Unethical Behavior:

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
  Unaware that behavior is questionable.
 Lack of standards of conduct
 Different cultural norms and values
 Behavior-based or relationship-based governance systems
 Different values between businesspeople and stakeholders

Relativisim:
 Moral Relativism
Claims that morality is relative to some personal, social or cultural
standard and that there is no method for deciding whether one decision
is better than another.
 Naïve Relativism
Based on the belief that all moral decisions are deeply personal and
that individuals have the right to run their own lives.
 Role Relativism
Based on the belief that social roles carry with them certain obligations
to that role.
 Social Group Relativism
Based on a belief that morality is simple a matter of following the
norms of an individual’s peer group.
 Cultural Relativism
Based on the belief that morality is relative to a particular culture,
society or community.

Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development:

 Preconventional Level
Concern for one’s self
 Conventional Level
Considerations for society’s law and norms
 Principled Level
Guided by an internal code of ethics

Encouraging Ethical Behavior:

 Code of Ethics
Specifies how an organization expects its employees to behave while
on the job.
 A Code of Ethics
 Clarifies company expectations of employee conduct in various
situations.
 Makes clear that the company expects its people to recognize the
ethical dimensions in decisions and action.
 Whistleblowers
Employees who report illegal or unethical behavior on the part of
others.

Guidelines for Ethical Behavior:

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
  Ethics
The consensually accepted standards of behavior for an occupation,
trade or profession.
 Morality
One’s rules of personal behavior based on religious or philosophical
grounds.
 Law
The formal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors and may or
may not enforce ethics or morality.
 Utilitarian Approach
Proposes that actions and plans should be judged by their
consequences.
 Individual Rights Approach
Proposes that human beings have certain fundamental rights that
should be respected in all decisions.
 Justice Approach
Decisions must be equitable. Fair and impartial in the distribution od
cost and benefits to individuals or groups.

Cavanagh’s Questions to Solve Ethical Problems:

 Utility: Does it optimize the satisfactions of the stakeholders?
 Rights: Does it respects the rights of the individual involved?
 Justice: Is it consistent with the cannons of justice?

Kant’s Categorial Imperatives

 Actions are ethical only if the person is willing for the same action to be taken
by everyone who is in a similar situation.
 Never treat another person simply as a means but always as an end.

What is Social Responsibility?

Implies that a businessman should not do anything harmful to the society in
course of his business activities.
The concept of social responsibility discourages businessmen from adopting
unfair means like black-marketing, hoarding, adulteration, tax evasion and cheating
costumers etc. to earn profit. Instead, it encourages them to earn profit through
judicious management of the business, by providing better working and living
conditions to its employees, providing better products, after sales-service, etc. to its
costumers and simultaneously to control pollution and conserve natural resources.

Why should business be socially responsible?

1. Public Image
 The activities of business towards the welfare of the society earn
goodwill and reputation for business.
 The earning of business also depend upon the public image of its
activities.
 People prefer to buy products of a company that engages itself in
various social welfare programs.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 Good public image also attracts honest and competent employees to
work with such employers.
2. Government Regulation
 To avoid government regulations businessmen should discharge their
duties voluntarily.
 If any business firm pollutes the environment, it will naturally come
under strict government regulation, which may ultimately force the
firm to closedown its business. Instead, the business firm should
engage itself in maintaining a pollution free environment.
 Government has taken a major step in protecting the environment by
passing the Environment Protection Act, 1986 in addition to having
 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,
 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and several
other Acts
 Business can equally be instrumental in fighting pollution and
protecting the environment.
 Business can have three types of roles – preventive, curative and
awareness.
3. Survival and Growth
 Every business is a part of the society.
 For its survival and growth, support from the society is very much
essential. Business utilizes the available resources like power, water,
land, roads, etc. of the society.
 It should be the responsibility of every business to spend a part of its
profit for the welfare of the society.
4. Employee Satisfaction
 Besides getting good salary and working in a healthy atmosphere,
employees also expect other facilities like proper accommodation,
transportation, education, and training.
 The employers should try to fulfill all the expectation of the employees
because employee satisfaction is directly related to productivity, and it
also required for the long-term prosperity of the organization.
 If business spends money on training of the employees, it will have
more efficient people to work and thus, earn more profit.
5. Costumer Awareness
 Now a days consumers become very conscious about their rights.
 They protest the supply of inferior and harmful products by forming
different groups.
 This has made it obligatory for the business to protect the interest of
the consumers by providing quality products at the most competitive
price.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Internal Interest Group Corporate Social Responsibility:
 Responsibility Towards Owners
Owners are the persons who own the business. They contribute capital
and bear the business risks. The primary responsibilities of business
towards its owners are to:
a. Run the business efficiently.
b. Proper utilization of capital and other resources.
c. Growth and appreciation of capital.
d. Regular and fair return on capital invested.
 Responsibility Towards Suppliers
Suppliers are businessmen who supply raw materials and other items
required by manufacturers and traders. Certain suppliers, called
distributors, supply finished products to the consumers. The
responsibilities of business towards these suppliers are:
a. Giving regular orders for purchase of goods.
b. Dealing on fair terms and conditions.
c. Availing reasonable credit period.
d. Timely payment of dues.
 Responsibility Towards Employees

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 The prime responsibility of every business to take care of the interest
of their employees. The responsibilities of business towards its
employees include:
a. Timely and regular payment of wages and salaries.
b. Proper working conditions and welfare amenities.
c. Opportunity for better career prospects.
d. Job security as well as social security like facilities of
provide fund, insurance, pension, retirement benefits, etc.
e. Better living conditions like housing, transport, canteen etc.
f. Timely training and development.
 Responsibility Towards Investors
Investors are those who provide finance by way of investment in
debentures, bonds, deposits etc. Banks, financial institutions, and
investing public are all included in this category. The responsibilities
of business towards its investors are:
a. Ensuring safety of their investment
b. Regular payment of interest
c. Timely repayment of principal amount

External Interest Group Corporate Social Responsibility:

 Responsibility Towards Society
A society consist of individuals, groups, organizations, families etc.
Business, being a part of the society, so maintains its relationships with
all other members of the society.
a. To preserve and promote social and cultural values.
b. To generate employment
c. To protect the environment
d. To conserve natural resources and wildlife
e. To develop research on education, medical science and
technology
 Responsibility Towards Competitors
Competitors are the other businessmen or organization involved in a
similar type of business. It also sometimes encourages the business to
take care of in a negative activities like resorting to unfair trade
practices.
a. Not to offer exceptionally high sales commissions to
distributors, agents etc.
b. Not to offer to costumers’ heavy discounts or free products
in every sale.
c. Not to defame competitors through false or ambiguous
advertisements.
 Responsibility Towards Costumers
No business can survive without the support of the costumers. As a
part of the responsibility of business towards them the business should
provide the following facilities:
a. Products and services must be able to take care of needs of
the costumers.
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 b. Products and services must be qualitative.
c. There must be regularity in supply of goods and services.
d. Price of goods and services should be reasonable and
affordable.
e. Grievances of the consumers, if any, must be settled
quickly.
f. Unfair means like weighing the product, adulteration, etc.
must be avoided.
 Responsibility Towards Government
Business activities are governed by the rules and regulations framed by
the government. The various responsibilities of business towards
government are:
a. Setting up units as per guidelines of government.
b. Payment of fees, duties, and taxes regularly as well as
honestly.
c. Not to indulge in monopolistic and restrictive trade
practices.
d. Conforming to pollution control norms set up by the
government.
e. Not to indulge in corrupt through bribing and other
unlawful activities.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
  Discretionary Expense is a cost that is not essential for the operation of a
business.
Example: A business may allow employees to charge certain meal and
entertainment costs to the company to promote good will with
employees.
 Ethical Responsibility is a moral course of action and draws a line between
wight and wrong.
Example: A business may realize that have an ethical obligation to
instruct the sales stall to conduct need based selling and not to
“oversell”. During a month when sales are slow, however, living up to
that obligation by not pressuring the staff to “sell” can mean the
difference between turning a profit or not.
 Economic Responsibility means striving to ensure that we are profitable in
order to create long term value for our stakeholders and contribute to a global
and sustainable economy.
 Legal Responsibility, the companies are required to follow the law, which
impact organizations planning process. In order to operate soundly, a company
must familiarize itself with external factors that govern the industry that the
company operates within.

Responsibilities of a Business Firm

 Social Capital
- The goodwill of the key stakeholders, that can be used for
competitive advantage.
- Opens door in local communities.
- Enhances reputation with consumers.

Benefits of Being Socially Responsible

 May enable firm to charge premium prices and gain brand loyalty.
 May help generate enduring relationships with suppliers and distributors.
 Can attract outstanding employees.
 Can utilize the goodwill of public officials for support in difficult times.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Business:
ROOF R US

Establishing a roofing business can be profitable, particularly if you live in a

place where roofing supplies are in great demand.

Business Name: ROOF R US

Business Type: Manufacturing
Location: Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Business Description:

Transforming houses into homes, our roofing business is your trusted partner
for top-tier roofing solutions. From expert installations to timely repairs, we combine
craftsmanship with quality materials to provide durable and stylish roofs that stand the
test of time. Elevate your property's curb appeal and safeguard your investment with
our dedicated team of roofing professionals.

Vision and Goals:

 To furnish products and services of the highest quality and reliable at a

reasonable cost to our customers.
 To be a company that best understands and satisfies the requirements of
product and service for infrastructure development of various industries.
 A company that strives to design and build high-performance buildings with
sustainable and environmentally friendly resources for the betterment of
industry and society at large.

Market Analysis

Industry Overview

The construction company in the province of Capiz is growing high demand of

quality and best Roof that our province needed due to the increased of infrastructure
development, building and housing projects. There is currently a gap in the local roof
production market, which presents a chance for Roof R Us Inc. to grow significantly.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
Target Market
•Home Owners
•Residential Developers
•Builders and Contractors

Products and Services

•Solar Roof Tiles

•Asphalt Shingles
•Metal Roofing
•Rubber Slate
•Slate
•Specialized Roofing (per costumer request)

Marketing Strategy

Marketing Plan

• Develop a powerful internet presence with an official website and frequent social
media Presence and a business website.
•Visit trade shows regarding home improvement and building in your area.
• Establish connections with nearby tradesmen and builders.
• Provide volume savings and competitive pricing.
• Put in place a referral scheme to reward clients who recommend others.

Operations Plan

• Locate a good production site that has easy access to raw materials and
transportation. materials.
• Invest in equipment for making roof today, such as roofing nailer, roo jack, and
Chalk line.
• Create connections with trustworthy vendors of raw materials such as metal, clay or
concrete tiles, and wood.

How Can Roof R Us Relate to Ethics and Social Responsibility

Roof R Us can demonstrate ethics and social responsibility by ensuring fair

labor practices, using sustainable materials, and adhering to safety standards.
Additionally, they could engage in community initiatives, such as supporting local
charities or promoting environmentally friendly roofing solutions. Building a positive
corporate culture and transparent communication with customers also contribute to
ethical business practices.

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)