School/College

TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

2019

Mathematics
General  Reading time – 5 minutes
Instructions  Working time – 3 hours
 Write using black pen
 Board-approved calculators may be used
 A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
 In Questions 11 – 16, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations

Total Marks – Section I - 10 marks (pages 2 – 7)

100  Attempt Questions 1 – 10
 Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section 2 – 90 marks (pages 8 – 18)

 Attempt Questions 11 – 16
 Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 10.

1.
What is the value of correct to two significant figures?

(A) 0.04

(B) 0.0

(C) 0.0407

(D) 0.041

2.
Find the gradient of the tangent to the function at the point .

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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3.
What is the derivative of

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

4.
For the angle What is the value of

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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5.
The line is a tangent to the circle with equation .
What are the coordinates of , the centre of the circle?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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6. The point P moves such that it remains equidistant from two fixed points.
Which of the following equations might describe the locus of P?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

7. Jack owns two racehorses called Lucky and Speedy, which are running in separate races
today.

Lucky is running in race 5 and has a probability of winning.

Speedy is running in race 8 and has a probability of winning.

What is the probability that at least one of Jack’s horses wins today?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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8.
The graph below shows the functions .

For what values of is ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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9. The graph below shows the velocity of a particle as it moves along the x-axis. The velocity is
measured in metres per second and time is measured in seconds.

When the particle’s displacement, x, is metres.

What is the maximum value of the particle’s displacement?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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10.

Given that , find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded
region below is rotated about the x-axis.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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Section II

90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 16.
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section.

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11 – 16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 writing booklet.

(a)
2
Rationalise the denominator of .

(b) 2
Differentiate with respect to x.

(c) 2
Find .

(d) 1
Solve .

(e) 3
Find the points of intersection of and .

(f) 2
Differentiate .

Question 11 continues on page 9

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Question 11 continued

(g)
A sector of a circle, is shown in the diagram.
The circle has its centre at O and a radius of 8 cm.

(i) Show that the length of the interval PQ is given by .

(ii) Calculate the perimeter of the shaded segment, correct to 1 decimal place. 1

End of Question 11

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Question 12 (15 marks) Use the Question 12 writing booklet.

(a) 3
Simplify fully.

(b)
Consider the quadratic function .

2
(i) For what value(s) of k does have two equal real roots?

1
(ii) Find the smallest value of k for which has two rational roots.

(c) A quadrilateral ABCD is pictured on the Cartesian plane below.

The equation of AB is .

1
(i) Show that .

(ii) Show that the line DB divides ABCD into congruent triangles: 2

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 (iii) Show that ABCD is a parallelogram. 1

Question 12 continues on page 11

Question 12 continued

(d) The fifth term of an arithmetic series is 22. The sum of the first five terms is 50.

(i) Find the values of a, the first term and d, the common difference for this series. 2

(ii) How many terms of this series are required to reach a sum greater than 1000? 2

(e) 1
Calculate the area of , giving your answer correct to the nearest square metre.

End of Question 12

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Question 13 (15 marks) Use the Question 13 writing booklet.

(a)
Consider the curve

4
(i) Find the stationary points of the curve and determine their nature.

2
(ii) Given that the point lies on the curve, show that it is a point of
inflexion.

(iii) Sketch the curve, labelling its important features. 2

1
(iv) Hence, or otherwise, find the values of for which

(b) Australia’s population was 19 million at the start of the year 2000. By the beginning of
2019, it had grown to 25 million.
Assuming that the population of Australia is increasing exponentially, it can be

represented by an equation in the form , where are constants, and is

measured in years from the beginning of 2000.

1
(i) Show that satisfies the equation

1
(ii) What is the value of

2
(iii) Show that

(iv) A newspaper article, published in 1980, forecast that the Australian population 2
would reach 50 million by the year 2050. Using calculations to justify your
response, state whether you agree or disagree with this article.

End of Question 13

Question 14 (15 marks) Use the Question 14 writing booklet.

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(a) In a local school raffle, 600 tickets were sold. Of these, 400 tickets were blue, 100 were
red and 100 were orange.
Three tickets are drawn, without replacement, for 3 prizes.

(i) Show that the probability that all 3 tickets are blue is approximately 29.6%. 2

(ii) What is the probability that at least one of the tickets drawn is NOT blue? 1

(iii) Sam says “The probability that all three tickets will be blue is 4 times the 1
probability all three will be orange.”
Provide calculations and/or reasoning to show that Sam is not correct.

(b)
The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve , the y-axis
and the horizontal interval BP. The x-coordinate of point P is 4.

1
(i) Find the coordinates of the point B.

(ii) Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the shaded region is 3
rotated about the y-axis.

Question 14 continues on page 14

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Question 14 continued

(c) The velocity of a particle moving in a straight line has its velocity, in metres per second,
given by

Initially, the particle’s displacement is 8 metres to the right of the origin.

(i) What is the particle’s initial velocity? 1

3
(ii) Calculate the displacement of the particle at seconds.

(iii) Show that the acceleration of the particle is always positive. 2

(iv) Is the particle ever at rest? Give reasons for your answer. 1

End of Question 14

Question 15 (15 marks) Use the Question 15 writing booklet.

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(a) 3
Solve the equation , where .

(b) Kelsey borrowed $600 000 for the purchase of a home. The interest rate on the loan is

3.6% per annum and the loan term is 30 years. Let be the amount owing at the end
of n months and be the monthly repayment amount.

1
(i) Show that .

2
(ii) Show that .

(iii) The monthly repayments are set at $2 728 in order for Kelsey to repay the loan by 4
the end of 30 years.
Calculate Kelsey’s total saving on the home loan if she decides to pay $2 800 per
month so that the loan is paid out sooner. Assume that the interest rate remains the
same.

Question 15 continues on page 16

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Question 15 continued

(c) The diagram shows the front view of a farm shed. The area of the front of the shed has been
split into 4 sub-intervals of equal width and their heights are shown.

(i) Use two applications of Simpson’s Rule to approximate the area of the front of the 1
shed.

(ii) Use four applications of the trapezoidal rule to approximate the area of the front of 1
the shed.

(iii) The front of the shed has an area that is equivalent to the area between the curve 2
, the x-axis and the lines and .
Calculate this area, correct to 2 decimal places.

(iv) Explain the difference in the way that the trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s Rule 1
approximate the area under a curve.

End of Question 15

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Question 16 (15 marks) Use the Question 16 writing booklet.

(a) 2
Find the coordinates of the focus of the parabola .

(b) A design for a new mirror is shown below. The semi-circular section at the top will
be made of decorative pressed tin. The bottom section is rectangular and will be
made from mirrored glass.
The frame of the window, including the horizontal piece that separates the two
sections, will be made from thin metal which is 24 metres in length.
The width of the mirror is w metres. The height of the rectangular section is h metres.

The company’s profit on pressed tin is $10 per square metre. They make $60 profit per
square metre on their mirrored glass.

Let the total profit per mirror be represented by

(i) Show that metres.

2
(ii) Show that

(iii) Find the values of w and h that will maximise the profit made per mirror. 3

Question 16 continues on page 18

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Question 16 continued

(c)
In , AB has been divided by point X and AC has been divided by point Z such
that . CB has been divided by point Y. AY meets ZX at W.

(i) Show that .

2
(ii) Show that .

2
(iii) If , show that the area of the

trapezium ZWYC is given by .

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End of Paper

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2019
TRIAL
HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION

REFERENCE SHEET

- Mathematics –

- Mathematics Extension 1–

- Mathematics Extension 2-

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 Trial HSC Examination 2019
Mathematics Course

Name ________________________________ Teacher ________________________

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer.
A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

A B C D

1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D

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