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Math Reviewer 1

Uploaded by

syveriaclavour
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MATH REVIEWER

4 Methods of Quadratic equation

•By stracting square roots


•By factoring
•By Completing Squares
•By Using the Quadratic Formula

ILLUSTRATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of degree 2 that can be written
in the following standard form.

ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a≠0

In the equation, ax² is the quadratic term, bx is the linear term, and c is the constant term.

Example 1: 2x² + 5x-3 = 0 is a quadratic equation in standard form with a = 2, b = 5, and c = -3.

Example 2: 3x(x-2) = 10 is a quadratic equation. However, it is not written in standard form.

To write the equation in standard form, expand the product and make one side of the equation
zero as shown below.

3x(x-2) = 10
3x²-6x = 10
3x²-6x-10=10-10
3x2-6x-10=0

Example 3: The equation (2x + 5)(x-1) = -6 is also a quadratic equation but it is not written in
standard form.

Just like in Example 2, the equation (2x + 5)(x-1) = -6 can be written in standard

form by expanding the product and making one side of the equation zero as shown below.

(2x+5)(x-1) = -6
2x2 - 2x + 5x - 5 = - 6
2x²+3x-5-6
2x² + 3x - 5 + 6 = - 6 + 6

2x² + 3x + 1 = 0
The equation becomes 2x² + 3x + 1 = 0 which is in standard form. In the equation 2x² + 3x + 1 =
0, a = 2, b = 3, and c = 1.

When b = 0 in the equation ax² + bx + c = 0, it results to a quadratic equation of the form ax² + c
= 0.

Examples: Equations such as x² + 5 = 0, -2x² + 7 = 0, and 16x² - 9 = 0 are quadratic equations


of the form ax² + c = 0. In each equation, the value of b = 0.

*By FACTORING

Some quadratic equations can be solved easily by factoring. To solve such quadratic equations,
the following procedure can be followed.

1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form if necessary.

2. Factor the quadratic expression.

3. Apply the zero product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to 0.

Zero Product Property


- If the product of two real numbers is zero, then either of the two is equal to zero or both
numbers are equal to zero.

4. Solve each resulting equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original equation

Example 1: Find the solutions of x² + 9x = -8 by factoring.


x² + 9x = -8
x² + 9x + 8 = 0

b. Factor the quadratic expression x² + 9x + 8.


x² + 9x + 8 = 0
= (x+1)(x + 8) = 0

c. Apply the zero product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to 0.
(x+1)(x+8) = 0
x+1=0 and x+8=0

d. Solve each resulting equation.


x+1=0
x+1-1=0-1
x = -1
x+8=0
x+8-8=0-8
x= -8

e. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the equation x² + 9x = -8.

For x = - 1 For x = -8

x² + 9x = -8 x² + 9x = -8

(-1)² + 9 (-1) = -8 (-8)² + 9(-8) = -8

1 - 9 = -8 64 - 72 = -8

-8 = -8 -8 = -8

Both values of x satisfy the given equation. So the equation x² + 9x = -8 is true when x = -1 or
when
x=-8

Answer: The equation x² + 9x = -8 has two solutions: x = -1 or x = -8

• COMPLETING THE SQUARE


• FORMULA: ax² + bx = c

ex.
1. x² - 2x = 3

x² - 2x + ( b/2)² = 3 + (b/2)²

= x² - 2x + (-2/2)² = 3 + (-2/2)²

= x² - 2x + 1 = 3 + 1

= (x - 1) (x -1) = 4

= (x - 1)² = 4

√(x - 1)² = ± √4

=x-1=±2

x=1±2
x1 = 1 + 2 = 3

x2 = 1 - 2 = -1

• QUADRATIC FORMULA
• FORMULA:
x = -b ± √b² - 4ac
--------------
2a
ex.
1. 3x² + 7x - 6 = 0

a= 3, b= 7, c= -6

x = -b ± √b² - 4ac
--------------
2a

x = -7 ± √7² - 4(3)(-6)
-------------------
2(3)

x = -7 ± √49 + 72
--------------
6

x = -7 ± √21
--------
6

x = -7 ± 11
-------
6

x1 = -7+11 4 2
------ = --- = ---
6 6 3

x2 = -7-11 -18
------ = ----- = -3
6 6
DISCRIMINANT: b² - 4ac

NATURE OF THE ROOTS:


• pag parehas ang roots (REAL AND EQUAL) or ( RATIONAL AND EQUAL)
ex. x1 = 2, x2 = 2

• is greater than zero and a perfect square (RATIONAL AND NOT EQUAL)
ex. x1 = -2, x2 = -5

• is greater than zero but not a perfect square (IRRATIONAL AND NOT EQUAL)
ex. x1 = -3+√6, x2 = -3-√6

• is less that zero, then the equation has (NO REAL ROOTS)
ex. x² + 2x - 5 = 0

b² - 4ac

= (2)² - 4(1)(-5)
= 4 - 20
= -16

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