Z002zs-uninno ‘SNOLLVorTand 3910H9 SuaHOVaL | | i stoyeonpyy s9qsea, pauspiodxy PM | ssuouny NOILVONGa CNV VIGNI AUVAOdWALNOD A592 gh UVAKGNOOGS AIX-asin03\Soremporary nda and Education ‘Course-XIV Second Year, 4*Semester CONTEMPORARY INDIA AND EDUCATION PRICE: ma 140 (© rccumas cuoice ronsins Contact Nos. 9441660700, 9948057838 ‘The outhrs and the publaher appreciate yo for ing th book yor ‘cadences. Infrmaton contin nhs oat ha been tnd From te vurces Bleed to berlin i correc tthe bt of tr “owed. However the dono guarantee acura) or completers ‘fay iformatonpublchd hare nay hl met be befor Layerorsondomtsonscr dames ruin of hea ft frmation ‘ty dpuee may bo sctled tn Guntur hardition oy. Rered Profesional lial or other servicer my be one roe table ‘Parsons or espe fra specs purpose. Suggestions oe wean for Improving the Book contemgeary Inia. Education 3 ze i | 2) 3) 4 5) Normative Vision of Indian Education : India Constitution 4 - 12 Education as Fundamental Right 13-34 Contemporary Indian Schooling : Concerns and Issues 35-58 Understanding Exclusion in schooling 59-64 Secondary Education : Concerns and Iasues 65-76-tostiou2 Jo vogourpoat fe Buynp popuadsns 29 few seipauio!yunameio> Sx oreo tn yo oan sed Sapo 0 fo Uomtpamy sy unin gpa 0 "oe Bingo canoe ring go i mo ey Seamount on pe vneng ND Sruepuoy rice sage jo ere ou hin ep Snap any wo swoon aan ood mp 5) dng a np oe ID soy yma outa gon ono oh HE 0008 (ee v1 srpewon reuon sue oF uo (9) “Serato ou nome uo spuny 29g J0 0 re Buso0s 30am pre snr otenps fee wore wep m ene oe se nes usupe pue Geyaeisa 01 sauoute 30 ‘Sogn xo o 1 ynoBenB uso woe) “spn 96, (oe-6e'sHv) Bru yenoneonp pus yemID (=) suas wuoge=npo tr dyson 20 suoqongety sno PUP UN ns, fn) poe oped a oe te od yop FR OR ‘Seo wong oe odo pe oe ssojan ay 01 No pul ape 0 OPENS ( “sopmptn do ) “y) wopiy Jo opE=HG OF ERA) (ose —— fae pa se Souopo) 06 yt 0 MO esprp onion woe) pus soda Shape} sopsne Sogo sro Ae oS 0 ‘hog peto}pue Grog wen agen wood) vaepredt NOH SL Wasa) vonenoriea wurde aot (S) Teneo pun oa KD any ‘20 ome voeumep yma rsumicc cones ees ee erAP) Starod ubiax0g yim suonepa Aan) ‘et, PB PAinon 9G (epee pk eS “pana ts pen ‘Geen suopaunsagcn {ans onamoy ae ae ong our 0908 ome ae ur cywcpang pm aang pied Ba apo ope) mp ota oui ope a own pe one open sum og pa guna et 2Fsopeny (1) otaxd pu ponds Yo topaa ty “ano eo ue worms (Best "y) wopeay oy any) ome 2numpe pu Aa Bune po wee? us “Amnaeiononn o tonnes fey ace) Digod 7 aurora aed om sed "ea gene ve LoMEREnpe uonaa a ameeee su eo con (S1-T “sy) Snpenby oF ayBey (1) sunons "vuNeavann! mop a ya im RLSM nota ie apt wos na pon ayeredos ue aja4duioo @ Bunonap fq siy61 Fsmunpery 0} opm pet osha her ea NOLINLIISNOO NVIGNI : NOLLVOnGa NVIGNI dO NOISIA 3ALLVWHON T=uINQ.Bed Contemporary Inia an Eduction 6 (ii) DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY Directive Principles ‘The Constitution famers wee arwiousto establish awellre State, but duet certain Lmitations and condiions ofthe county, they were not ina position to establish a fully welfare sate forthith. So in order to ep the government on the ight tac, tnd make a sincere effort towards the extablhment ofa Welfare ‘State, they formulated certain pincples to guide the government, ‘ho matter to whatever party it ay belong inthe ight direction, These principles are called the Directive Principles ol Sate Poi ‘They can be cased under the following four heads, (2) Socialist Principles (1) Adequate means of lveliood for al eizens. (2) Fair sistibution of wealth and material resources among all classes and to prevent "concentration of weal in afew hhands. (3) Equal pay for equal work for men ae well as women. () To secure jst and humane conditions of work and maternity rei, (©) Gandhian Principles (1) To organize village Panchayats and to endow them with such powers and authory & may be necessary fo enable ‘hem ofnctionsas unis fst government. (2) To promote cottage industies on individual ot co-operative bassin ‘ural eras. (3) To safeguard and promote the educational and economic interests of the Scheduled Castes and ‘Scheduled Tribes. (4) To bring about te prohibition and ‘consumption of intoxieating liquor. (9) To orgenize Agriculture and Animal Husbandry on modern and scienifc ines and in particular prohibit slaughter of (©) Liberal Principles (2) To secure uniform and liberal code of law forall etizens ‘of ndia (2) Free and compulzory education up othe age ‘of 14 years. (3) To separate the judiciary fom the executive (4) To raise the standord of nuttion and standard of ving ofthe people. 5) Te protec monuments of historical ane Contemporary na and Eucaton 1 rational interest (6) Equal justice and free legal id to the ‘economia backad lasses (7) Partipation of workers in the management of organizations engaged in any Indust (8) Promotion and improvement of environment ‘end safeguarding of forests and wid ie (@) Principles relating to International Peace and ‘Security (1) To promote international peace and security. (2) To ‘mainialn just and honourable elatons between nations. {@) To foster respect for intornational law and treaty ‘obligations. (4) Te encourage setlement of dsputes by srbitation. Federal Features of the Indian Constitution Governments have been casi into unitary and Federal ‘based on distribution of power between national and regional ‘governments Ina federal setup there isa two ier of Government ‘wth wel assigned powers and functions. Inthe the central ‘government and the governments ofthe regions act within a well, defined sphere, co-ordinate and at the same time act Independent. ‘The federal polity in other words, provides aconstutional ype Jo waUUIBSAE ‘2p pa uaurti08 apoyo euoneu ay -sueUABO6 Ont ae Biaip “ras repos uy SiO WoRNEEAAOD TENCE“ ages ere 09 Ur Uogetuaroaas nb wan use ou anay soe age MAOMOH SONQWASEY BAH] AES AF ‘9 papa sonenuranas pop ap Jos sU0> CYGES AO Mt arnt euges ety puw eyges 407 Yo BupaEueD BHD a TE meso flour #203 spout Oe uO URIBE L, ‘oqenenads fondo aa 99 Ue SN aX YM UOTE =NOH, Jed ap ur 5: asneog OTE; W U [RBUEED po:opHUCD Sruniess jexouworg y fomnpeysiBey Tezowreota °9 mow pomero louse saees 49 pure anion at 9 aygesouDs 2 Sapte pap aes tac 200 a oT PR pl KeRTwENED « “ogruiog myo stots! ue souasestoo Sm eh 99 Jpuoangestooun see augpap ea eu joumoy ouidng ay ‘suoadne pus ieoueapur ep Ast ay a oon peut vang ey uA pu ne atindng 80] op ce oumneue 99 "PHU “ADPPNG HHEpuEdepE “= ‘uaunsa0g eaues sip Peanut ancy sano eps ‘AU. 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AS si 0 SuONze et 2 quo popunur 94 we suo! aS Uo Bul LonMsUOD oy) Jo suOKHHOH! axf MY "uoHNIHOD PAI ‘so 5 wong pm *NENINEHO PINE g “5900 ee pet uopARRUED a Jo RU eg asa 7 one ur ap odaContomperar nda and cation 0 rot there in the Preamble. These were added by the 42nd ‘Amendment (1976) ofthe Consituion, Preamble Features: 1. The Source of Authority: Popular Sovereignty: ‘The Preamble categorically accepts the principle of Popular ‘Sovereignty It begins with the words: we the People of Inia. ‘Those words testy to the fact thatthe people of India ar’ the lima souree ofall authori. The Governmentderives ite power form them TL Nature of Stat ‘The Preamble describes five cardinal features of ‘the Indian state: (1) India is @ Sovereign State: The preamble prods ‘that India ea soversign slate, Such a proclamation denotes the end of rule ove India. testes othe fact hat Indias no longet fa dependency or colony or possession of Beish Crown. AS 2 sovereign independent state, India s free both interally and ‘external to take her um dedisions end implement there for her people and tnitories. (2) India is a Socialist State: In 1976, the Preamble was amended to include the word Socilsn. I is now regarded {5 a prime feature of the State. It elects the fot that Indi ‘commited to secure soil, economic and politeal justice forall, ls people India stands for ending ll forms of exploitation as well as for securing equitable dstbation of income, resources and ‘wealth. Ths has to be secured by peace, constiutional and ‘democratic means. The tenn India is a Socialist stata eal means, Indias a democratic socialist sate” (9) India isa Secular State: By the 42nd Amendment, the term Secula was incorporated inthe preamble. Is inclusion simply mode the Secular nature of the Indian Consiton mare explet. Asa sate India gives special status to no religion, There '5 no such thing asa sate region of India. India guarantees ‘equal feadom (ll rlgions. Alrelgions enjoy equality of tate and respect (4) India isa Democratic State: The preamble decaes India tobea Democrat Stat. The Constiition of India provides fora democratic system. The auhority ofthe govemment exe Contemporary lia and Edveation w ‘upon. the sovereignty of the people. The peopl enjoy equal politcal rights. The people freely participate inthe democratic roces of elf ule ‘They elect ther government Foralis cs, the government ‘is responsible before the people. The people can change thet ‘Government through elections, The government enjoys limited ‘powers. I alvays acts under the Constiuion which represents the supreme will the people (6) India is a Republic: The Preamble decars Indi to ‘bea Republi, Negatively this means that india is nt ruled by ‘monarch or @ nominated head of state. Positive it means that Tria hos an elected head of state who wields power fora fixed term. President of India isthe elected sovereign head of the state He holds tenure of 5 years Any Indian cen can get elected asthe President of Indi. ML, Four Objectives of the Indian State: ‘The Preambble lit four cardinal objectives whichore to be "secured bythe state forall is citizens Those are (1) Justice: Inia socks tp secure socal, economic and political justice forts people. (i) Social Justice: Social Justice means the absence of sodaly privleged classes Inthe Society and no discrimination ‘eins any ciizen on grounds of ease, ered, colour, religion, ‘2x oF place of bith. India stands for ebminating all forms of ‘Seplotations from the society. ‘ii) Economie Justice: Economic Justice means no ore SIE UE aK) arb ajasod ing 2p OP 24 ACW ER UE 1B adoouoo Du, poseu: Ade pes VY suEREIDgD S:9NE 290 suoano ay sm uoezepep SL anas00u-3 IH J9pUR Sony ueungy uo vomsnutog © pawiodde pue 6x Uoty, Pvewepury ou uve peu sper MOHD NN PUL ‘ue6.eq ‘anjaye> 1 YB pu snoge| p22. Jo uoroge‘SuoRe=HEO ‘ue suotun wo} osiyiom Jo sr 94 wo suONLAATED 2 ares one gz6 ul uonestsEiO moge FeuOneLNN ‘Ue Soe yEnod) tivo sto eaueagtusw pourase S64] UeLy| 40 do000 24a ‘OT aeaHC UO Sew IUD NN ‘ys mo UoREIEDAG TENE 24) SRY “sy “ary wou, Jo woneoyrsee!> pus aumyeu ‘Suqusaus Sup OHM “T HOE ‘IWLNSNVANN4 SV NOLLVONGa Z-4INQ a ‘pean paw Bp KIGTIBNED ¢| ‘ip Jo 2ydoad 2xp ye 20} aro9s ct payrunuca S| uoRRSUOD 2 uo sonmpego at sore aatealy AU 1S aeRaNA PE lusyeamgry "usueroag “usTeD|S “usLeNignday HoenoUaC, 0} Jesu sturoo © eoonmjasue. ayy ayquieang st “yEnom4 "WoRTSUED ay Jo oR eAAAEV a 205 23 8 SATO ontootGo ‘5 sojeiounua pue e1puy uonmnsues 24 Jo suonepuNey [eengdosoyud ap says xqua} a pu Sond 4) 7 P09, DSaewosaidat papa au se Bunoe fquissy Years ape "yes pu papas ‘paxdope ues pu Jo unas at MORMNSUOD epeUrHOS “A un panjooos onmmsuog an Yeu) AEP SA wo 50 Hl b6L $gutenow 92 uo pordope sm uORTRUDD au 9 ey AOS ued wi soupods quel asp tebe U3 vom on auc Pem sodery fe AL a 30 foe ue Aun pu ens > unos onpeubn 5 o|doad 9 Suoue spn eyo pure Ferascs yo Buqoo; Sua e yo uoresmour tp sous ANG Srdood ope Buoue uzpey soutonton st eneaaao pre) at ood ai Buc Sion jo vonouioiy :ArasoreHd (p) "be 81 puwepury aig sooerend pu su8 po Veo ot ‘agurnoddo pe sresJo ter ty Boom og dejan fe >from aebope 9 endo Ale ‘jog faenbo Buro(uo esp jo sarap oon pu fenbo se ston pojo eo [ee 61 0 ony () a 21869 ons ‘suvour Arend “worsen oMp jo ent2etGe Pal ou 2 Gygendy saree aiquieasg 2 Arend (6) unos jo nds ag uaiuons 1 poubisap st ehysiom pus we) Jo AHogr “ontooIGo sit ‘os of peudpp of wopeey of 464 MUM IT wea) AL [Rluowepuiy jose ou, “nom pu wie} oye uopout Brown jo Ateay sop ‘posTees 09 ot anooigo feupe possreor mc mals RFT (2 ‘econ of opens fre EL 2 ney oqdoed au e ony foenoton Ng w 9} pO {par yo wonrmnsueD ou uoneUUORD Aus oxen aood a ToT Pu Sp ROTURHICOContemporary ina and Education “ fact the possession of mankind as @ whole i) Just ike that of moral sgh the clement of ther enforcement ies in the individuals conscience. (i) They cover legal rights which are safeguarded by the law ofthe land. They also comprise fundamental rights which are incided in the constitution of a particular county. li) The san ight are univeral. They are provided to member ofthe human society as a whole whether or not some section of them ae aware of hem or net. (v I human rights reining In any part ofthe world, besides persuasion, even force by alien powers the votaries ofthe human fights is permissible, fr thee ‘enforcement (i) The Human Rights re nt untied, They are to be resticod in the interest of pub peace, polial secur, morality and social decency. Each state has its own cultural Standard and norms of cilization inthe ight of which reasonable restrictions ae indispensable. This shows that human rights are ‘ot limi, They have to function within boundary of exiled ‘norms and cultural legey ofa county Classification (or) Categories of Human Rights: ‘The Human Rights may be grouped under five categories vi (Chl, Poitcal, Economic, Sosal and Cull (A) Cell Rights: ‘The Civil Rights umerated In the Human Rights are: (i) All human beings are born free and equal in lgnity and eights. All are equa before the li) Everyone has the right to fe, berty and secrity to persons. (il) None sto be held in slavery or servitude. Hence Save Trade in all is forms i tobe protibted, i) No one isto be subjected to abit ares, detention orexde(v) Everyone has theighttoreedomef thought, ‘conscience and relision. ) Political Rights: ‘The following are the political rights: (i) Every one possestes the right to fake part in the Government of his county, daly or Inet tough feel chosen representatives. i) Everyone has accessfo public services inthe county (i) The Wil of the people the basi of etry ‘of government. Tis ili to be expressed through peviodical Contemporary ina and Eaucation 8 p Bue ‘ci Sqgen ng ofaaznpues 5 ay Foxe Ue 21090 0 oop Au a soup a9 snsogdo + PEP 2p jo may acy pr oeDAD-OON, PUR PEND 24 yo moa jogo sud 46a pep vonuone> ou & "uno Jo wale ancy Spear o poses ase Kop UNS “1308 a4 01 dn sg pu 56 oqo endo sandy + (oH) PRO os 9 uo uonunnog N90 SE NEUES {OW} PIND 2 Jo 6 9 wonuanuoo na tan prez aug Pu RNOS LAPIS PED ‘roan uno sag jo ba Pads stuos ane OF UO ~ Syppe wos saps pu woosyo expe pan unm Agen ners bods sig jo aeMmNg OMSK UAIPANP BUTE ‘ba se Jo spn ooo or yea SH BEN PIN 2p 70 sIYBI aM HO UOMHARNOD NE HF FHI Taina a aa REETRIOS {vo GON ye YB ey URI rT be vonrnsue ep 0 gg ALL “uD oe Paul speed) mf sy 0) Uo UoRLNog No) ‘un 2) sna eoene np Jo wou ous PINS °4LJO S¥8RI om wo HonUINHOD SHON por “sppues fevojeumt 01 Buprosoe pyys e se posuSones st ay "no tuoy Jo ump seu pu potas 008 gt Jo 2889p pun Uonad Juang 96,3008 0 PANE, © osc ese FR odds pu sues sno pao pue upp se poyeod a of ann E88 Jo 25 29 wo}e@ ASRUMEYEBEA NOK usa pe ou 09 20) 12 pur a6 0} 9 Ayre Jo ap Jo Supemstopn eb 25 tee poles 9 ing “OWON ah Hm t0}L0> 4, B0%g 9 of 28 a pu SHUDIGIP BP © aU eK sme, J2tho nono aw ith ax) aoa ey Po “uogoojend put a> pou us ou stan gt Jo 958 a RR ese nc as apm ana uo pee ey “2661 BORON Ap BURL ye arOMIOYGZ5T BY HE a8ejsey PIED 29 pun poutasos 5 stef Tz mojeq fog @ Pe toes gt J be ot moja Be jo abou So gt a 9) ‘moa 98 sete tong Yo aio enya a Sous a on co 0 ony Bunp eb 0 on Ue food ‘ym stond yey 949 OUP ee sen gy Jo 98 2 naan sosid jo Soya postiSonn ans oy soqnunoo jour a page pue pardon ans 4 Peo uo YN PID = =n oo wRLAMIOD SuoHeN palun au toy sawo9 pus pio v jo woRtuyep pardooe Sfenen eS) Seat gy Jo Be Xp mej BRR ‘uy Ano mou pp, euoneLn or BupIONY 2OTHD. © 1 oun my “uospine Jo WOR oF poveIex won NEO weIPET pe (HD) wontuoauey jeuoqeuzquy moRe THM |Z ‘ste sj pue ususaueepe aguas oi ed aye pu eae soon oa oj usin sygous ei Sumaned 99 pai ep eediaeDSentemporaryindaandéducsion ‘expression. ¢ Acces to appropiate information. + Freedom of ‘thought, conscience and tetision. ‘The United Nations Convention on the Rights ofthe Chik’ isn intemationa statement ofthe ch, pollical,economi, social ‘and cultural sights of cldren, The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened for signature on 20Naverer 1989 (the 30th anniversary ofthe Declaration ofthe Righis ofthe Ci). soning Principles: General requlrement for al ‘Article 1 (definition ofthe child): Everyone under 18. ‘years of age has al herghsin this convention. Article 2 (without discrimination): The convention ‘apples to everyone whatever ther rae, teligion, abilities, tateve dy ink ory and wotever i oft cee Article 8 (best interests of the child): All ‘organisations concemed wi chien should worktowards what Isbest for every child ‘Article 4 (protection of rights): Governments mast do al they cant full the rights of every child Article 6 (survival and development): Every child hhas the right to fe. Governments mist take necesry steps to ensure that cilren survive and grow up wel, ‘Article 12 (respect for the views of the child): CCildren have the right © say what they thin in all matters that ‘may affect them and to have their opinion taken into account. ‘Survival and development rights: The basic rights to life and achieving one's full potential ‘Article 7 (registration, name, nationality, care): (Children have the ight to algal resitered name and national, They also have the right to lnow and, os fr as poste, tobe ened fr, by ther parens. [Article 9 (separation from parents): Chidien should not be separate fom ther respective parents ules itis fr thle ‘oun good, for example, if a parent & abusing or neglecting a chile) In the event of ther parents geting separated, they have ‘he wight to say in contact with both parents, unless this might her them, contemporary Inia and Eucatin 0 ‘Article 20 (children deprived of a family): Ifthe dren cannot be looked after by their own family, governments ‘Should ensure that they are looked ater propery by people wo ‘respect their religion, culture end language ‘Article 22 (refugee children): If children have come Into the country as fefugees, then itis important that they have the seme ights as children bor here. Alo adequate tps are to ‘be taken to make eure thot these children are reunited with thei fails, wherever posible. ‘Article 23 (with disability): Every child with adissbilty has the right to ive a decent fe with dignity, independence and ‘an acive role in the community, They are ented to special are ‘end suppor to lead such fe ‘Article 24 (health and health services): Children have the right to good quality health care, lean water, ruttious food and a clean environment, so that you they stay eal. ‘Article 25 (review of treatment In care): Those dldren who are under the cae of ay local authority (hospi, ‘usta et), rather than by tel parents, have the ight of review ‘of thet treatment and situation regulary ‘Article 26 (social security): Chikren have the right for help fom the Government if they ae poor orn need. ‘Article 27 (adequate standard of living): Every child hha the right to an education. Primary education must be free. ‘Secondary education must be avoable to every ch ‘Article 29 (goals of education): Education should develop your peronelty and talents tothe maximum extent. should encourage the chid's respect for human rights as well as fespect for thet parents, their oun and other cultures and the ‘environment. ‘Article 30 (children of minorities): Every child has the right o lear and use the language, customs and region of ‘heir fil, whether or nt these are shared by the majority of people inthe country ‘Article 31 (leisure, play and culture): Chiron have the right to relax, play and join fa wide range of cultural and ‘exra-curiculer activesLE ue sumed en of WORE + (elg6 aPRY) uans 19 Sango} pmmonsuonednoso sau oj sen oHo7 A ony pu pomnge Buaq ui paporoud oqo) WER 2 PMY) ‘eof 0 0 aig outa smoprezny sue wey paparoxd 2a onl + VIZ aPY) des Be eat 7-9 249 UIP Te oy vopeanpo Mstuouse Ameo pue 9 1 Bh PUN wasp 395 Aqpeau>Ods eng, 1euonmanisuoy, Bt uous © vwoneonpg oni apeU tp UoRMASIED ago ALUPUONY 9 i) osm ofp Uf 3 suaupUaREY TUORNNSUOD oF BupeA, ‘aug suomi Bujoud uewabprf yewpue au0s an Ot ‘soso ah pygeus ary SON =, SOMA AOS fare orig 7 uty oma Wats oh apeU UeD HCO OF ‘Euesuesppp amen oj sounscour angeastaupe pe anBe=| siepoade oyeuopun 0} Axanay oxy sey THaUNIEROB oy {LS ops) sme Suge ws dd 0 a8 a Jo A a4 PLS -Agunoo oi soucuaeo og HuouRPUNS, a} PaPAP LMA, nay yu ss uoUCD® Pu famos AIEEE AAA aeAS J Soyo ananc a4 PIP Sune BA BIALTEPINY J worst oj nes ode ag powpeoxde ae sno yon Suan pu senpiapur eu smeo6 0 3200 ¥OHO 2S JO ‘oppuny aaboug pues envouepury se PI au) ‘2h uo uoguanuog jun 24h papnpul sub out soseduoUD “oot u pmetnion uogrugaueg aus oeeds pou wana 280g a eres pods exp um Budaey pu NOD ox suse se uniptp 0 g6=pION VOR Ue aL, erpuy Jo wopmynsIeD wotp aay prco vey seHoeU -owox! ou pos pus ‘pussnpun ue> fox yep uoREUL Sproxl prove sindedsnou pue oper ‘uo, "peut see 2 wos vonewuogu agate ri 9 Amey U=HPNAD eIpout sevus toay worypuroyuy 9} 849090) ZT 9PNBV “sowoy pue some sou a 40 om soy ube pene wo} uszpip Box pou me ay YEN rb ® acy UmIPRED ORAM OF NBL) 9F SPIEV z DaReaneaR opu ECETED yavow axe yom) m4 9 50 Buf pug eo ope anjoot pus yess 0} pu wig Soup Youn Ace 01 opeRs, Suu puke Weg s(wojerautn yo wopeas) gy ermny so 0 6H 949 pps jou opal se 9) 50 suojesvebio pe sdnoib uot pu Jaxptoy yao of “uoneuneyr ers 0 pus A094 of is 04 Pup Sang {uoqepaere yo wope9s) ST aLy s2108 ane ue SueH sHY84 WOH neg ‘opens pu 3804) uoNRpiRIOD Opt Ae PY zy ny, anes cpap ae we ap Baan fo asoze are olin sip (eonenf aonnd Op Sry ouad uowtonp og Bump say so {gen pecs ut 9 of poo ase Sly Pw raged aa 520} 00 ey ue yosDs | ap 8 Fo Paso 29 > A “ey us) poroap uog apy Wound outer saynsie pero} oq PON (HORE) L= 9]mEKY ge emios wo upp aja Prous waunionon ou suomenoyde) pe oPmy "sag Kauno> B04) 6 aye Due uy wae aro ose ON oN SUL :Gubyousyest 20 Buiddeupry) TY sPoney "Hos.0 paronpge ju a usp ep ams yeu pros yuounsaros au HoHINPAE) SE SEY ‘Howdorap ou) usey poo 19 sonenae fue wos} pororon! 0g Prox® "EPRID ‘{wonete}dxe Jo eutog 1oMR0) 9¢ ePmY ~oeanpe 20 yea ns ung eyo ‘spoeBuep 5 9 yom Od uaNPP eed Pots yuiutonog ou Gmoqey PI) Ze ePY 21) ye 004 ou 2 auot.o syste ag 6a papi pus seg ou. peor! peso pas flood ve wap ep aN NE ‘Nouunnon :(@2u9[0 WOK wonreierd) GT SI>mEY turey t009 97s Budooyy ‘sry! wonDeIond “uDvpp pu guard eof Uns wonton payee INET eoultona ay see 70 seousreme) Zp OP = ToeSA Pus ep ICELAND(temporary Ina and Education 2 facies to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of ‘feedom and dignity and guaranteed protection of cldhoed and {youth against exploitation and against moral and material {abendonment (Atle 39(7). # Right to ear chidhood care and ‘education fo all children uti they complete the ag ofS years (arte 45), Besides, Children also have rights as equal citizene of India, just a8 any other adult male or female: + Right to equality (Article 14) # Right against isimination (Aside 15) + Right to personal ibery and due proces of ls (Arle 21) + Right to being protected from being leafed and foreed into bonded labour (Article 23) + Right of minorities for protection of ther interests (Article 29) + Right of ‘weaker sections ofthe people o be protected from socal njusice and ll forms of exploiation (Atle 46) Right to nutrion and standard of living and improved public health (Atle 47) 3. Explain the Education as Fundamental Right of children - 2009 (RTE Act 2009). ‘Ans. Right to Education Act What Is the Act about? 1. Every chill between the ages of 6 fo 14 years has the right fee and compulsory education, This stat as per the ‘ith Constution Amendment Act via Atle 21A, The Right 10 Education Act socks to give effect to this amendment 2, The government schools shall provide free education to all the children and the schools willbe managed by school Management Committes (SMC). Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the cikren in thei schools without ani fe, ‘8, The National Commision fo Elementary Eduction shall. ‘be constituted to monitor all aspects of elementary education Inding quay Main Features of Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 4 Fre and compulsory education to all children of Indl the 610 14 age group. + No child hall beheld back, expelled or required to pass a board examination unt the complation of damentary education, Contemporary Inia and Education a fa child above 6 years of age has not ben admit in ‘any schooor could not eamplet is or her elementary education, then he or she shallbe adm ina cass appropriate his or het ‘298, the, in order tobe at pa with others, he or she shal have 2 "ight o receive special alning within such ime lis as may be ‘prescribed, Provided further hat chil vo admited to elementary ‘eciicaton shal be enilod to re education tithe completion of slementay eduction even afer 14 years. + Proof of age admission: Fo the purpose of admission to clementary education, the age ofa cd shal be determined on the bass of the bith certfeate issued in accordance with the Provisions of Bh. Deaths and Mariages Registration Act 1856, ‘or on the bai of such other document ae may be preserved. No ‘id shal be denied scission in a schoo! for lack of age proof. “¢A child who completes elementary education shall be awarded a ceria, ‘Call need tobe taken fora fixed student teacher aio. ‘¢ Twenty-five per cont reservation for economically hom But pu Se NUR Gu LARD "T sea gg LIPID 5 soup nog PI Ho Uonnn QT BODY ‘8 96 0} Bupone ‘noge pep pays ae anyriois Suppom pepo} ae ‘uyntavpmp ny, used ou Sanoge| AD PHOM 24, nate ae com unm typ wojorod peau ox asp pu ae OU ‘arp se passe og any sens a9 Ba UOT uared 209 0 Som 20 foxy pi sus Ay ladon aney NOP UBIAEP 20S saan oi Ut aH) puads oy SOL He OMI fous poy pu eanize pul Hou wt used aug pods pe Suosed nog Jo sBunuo a UF INGLE UAHA eos “mip soba Ons sg 05 soquaop Sowa ye au PORel FP PL UOTE = ‘DROSS PUR Op OTIS ons jo snsoetco ayy oR papiyp uaaq ans asp ONDE Jo IM suondaoxa auscs i etsajond yo span feo MORE PARE ‘to poprone 23 prices abe Jo =f088 py rapt fo USN ‘2b0e UF poupuEUTEjouoxyRRD aR 9 PUR YZ PRES spun 131 wauD}c 9} paeocoad Ajooe feuoneU 6002 We ara Sunwear, 1 suai ous aie osoyy voneonpa AiostnaloD won 9 nOYs a Jo sre pp Buney uaupD re np of Buspsomay (D102 dy wos aio} oyu auzeD We eq] "Mournsed ON 9 pardaooe pue 60g 2ous Si etiwepry @ ae709 33 oRTRsHOD ap Of worPUDUE He Aa Zoge UF KY Ruan * peur sem uoeEn PU Eos any UID ‘woneonpa uo Bu poy 4210 19 Py atdood apse> sous ss aulos ium pazeatsD 5 erpuy uF uonsonp3 “uspine-spremoy uonended wpe 1 aprage ats uoup yo uoaeonpe oy xu a aunt Ye 2020) few eu, "uoKECod speqe PI PHOM ay Ut Nace {9 584 ePUT “PHom equ aon ate nog FKP ON BOT {ep pareuno Uomo mnoge eoneuihu] shoge pygS o fo sow Supe ue uni LOM TT Tey SAB 1102 MONS ogame TeooeN "pA tH smoge paKD Lom Zp a soe “onemusig nuns POW OREN 2 of Brpooy Seu “(wompiy> s94o pus eueydio ‘amoget pany) uaspinp Jo wortesnp's oF 38 20H ‘PowanIH YEN swgoxd pus si0%20} om a7e HEU“ “uopeonpa ‘orndoo pe 003 oF 2X Yt PUP X95 7 280 a UDO IRE Aang son Few MOUPUaLEE feuoRTIRSICD \iog BW) AOU 91 ope Sigeu> pe WoReEN oF HOU, uonoe pad eae qm woMTUEOD=: no Fpotps e Buwuny yp seep pr fp uogo9.0 sedo> Ue 221g0 sosodind jeuoonpe-uou 0} snipe WatiAoeep put Pte @ jo wonuayp 20 worse uounrund eed Syed O98 ng a “sPoHd Bausas 99 7 Hed 5 ase 1 PD ‘8g Stimayuoqu ou pu osepupe Uo 00) UoReyae> 0 UoRetOD u qooxps Aq poutour surgpuadxe esinguo! ym oursonab ® ‘WROTE BOE BB HBIOTUEHIODContompray indi and Eaueation 2s has been increased, Parents should Know the importance of education, "Teachers should understand the problems of chien and ‘educate the children and parents about the importance of ‘education. Recommendations for implementation Children should be enrolled in schools. RTE can be Implemented wth folowing actions 1. Poverty shouldbe eradestd, Parents ould lead a good twelbood and they should never depend on children's income. 2 Family should know the importance of education and family ‘members should be educated towards their breed winning activites. 3. Act should be implemented stl Tisned teach. should be appointed in schools. Teachers should reach the needs oftheir students 4. Teachers should develop friendly nature ‘among chien and educate the children about socal sues, ‘Actions to be taken related to child labour 1. Management should promise against child labour and they should not eppoint any child as labour in theit offices, 2 Fst track courts reestablished to contol child labour taking theiran example managements should nat appoint any children in ther offices. 3, Salaries should be paid equal othe labourer’ work 4 Authorities concemed should vst and go for rides fo unis the managements having child labour. 5. Government should provide Job opportunities tothe families under NREGS and SQSy. 6. State legal nodal body should be appointed to supervise NCLP system. 7, Providing job opportunities to the parents of child labour should be a social responsibilty to ‘everbody 8. Civil society groups should work to contral child labour, inthe same wy the people inthe cacy should involve inthe contol of child labour 5. Write about differently able children and Indian Constitution. ‘Ans. The disabled and the constitutioe: ‘The Constitution of India apples uniformly to every lege! ‘lien of Inia, whether they are ealhy or dated in any way Contemporary Ina ae Eucaton 2 ysl cme), Under th Conatson dbl hve eotgmised teeming fodamera ae The Gonthon see feces ncn he diabetes, ooo out, expen, {ath end woship eqn fas and ef Copertny snor the pramaton of tet 2, Atle Tot) enjoins on the Goverment nat disciint guint sy ono en Gcing Se] en the oud fon reece sore ith fle 16) ts tte toe oc te Gb) habe ajc sy ey aby rticon or cncon Gran of te sone puns he tof ee room pe stutter pb ertarmen rine tse of wes ons bathing ght ends and paces of ‘tlre arnt why pet fone ns Creede ss ote epic Woes nd chen tre toss bong any sey sd ees ceed uch Shedd css ibe cane gue Dene spec uso peel pane ane te Se “Ther shal be ent of oppo or ete Cech te dab tr sng poe SSrointent oy flere ese. No pene icing the dba inspect of his telogageanetuntedesanoudle Hn on ence frie ecctdance haw ae proved by Ale 7 of fe conten ey pasoninchng edt asin ty porn tr nee 21 he Cvs The cn be to tn rn beng cdg te ia and baad or ol bors poked Shine tane ene phate scarce wth ou a S.A 26 pois employment of een ncaa the dsb lowe age Tye son neyo Tneertsbeennedin anyother cn ercument ren Since cna acig forthe Govern ego ‘Rtn tlw I ea ope nok empormentJem ojeuay xp 2224 ‘SPoyQ prspea fqeuonsENpo dn {as ave sagow (C102) GHHIN 218 Buypsoooy “senrunuaIOD youu: pus ssp prewpeg s01NO ‘S9quL Pampatps ‘sews ‘qnpeypeoxp 0 Aueuiopad BuBuojeq 56 105 fay Ase seed ye soya premjeq fyeuoneonpe ut soot FeHLepIE ‘290 xpiyn (nay) SOSeEMENA wsTeR IPED RamIrEy SOPHO! uouiusaso8 2qy (18) BY UoNeONP OF suo PUN, ‘Suqjooyos uy wonedrored 254 pur pays 116 om spsemor apmamny : suy "ayoouse wy aouzqo uw aenge ‘juauysqund Sutjooyos uy uonredonred 394 PUE PINP HIB oMp sprEMO} apm o¥p UIEIGxy “9 ‘suompueo famqenp punoyoxd pu ‘sian ‘sq qesp wos Bsa} UDIPIND 0 UA 09 Se ‘woneonpe paseq-OwOH "waNpIUD Te Jo} JOOKD® aye} 29pI0 ‘uy sbuay> opaie pue ssoudrene Ayununioo 1 souureond ‘Buus oj poaue oe} as 224p00eOads jo wou poseqfootpe pur sie) seas Jo SuTUTER “suOReOY;pOU Fenongsreju agen Ypqesp ype9 yo spaou pur exe ovepiooe ul seuadde pue spe ‘seyarew Suture) Sumypent BBupinoud 69 saRAEgESP tH UaspIE JO UoREoNpE ann 2o} sis syoudavdde Bunge Jo paou yuan we saxon SpeHs ‘way oj ounjus Suqea] Bunyoes yueraps Jo uoneredand ‘ur soesop settle Be 0} yllpe UAIPINP [OOuPSJoINO 305 [FounuesBoxd Buu jepedsoyuaudojnap "24203 page 7 waunurodde yo sun u wagers au pm adoo 0} woquane eDads Fed 0} paunbas are syf, pe sig Pe 94 Jo voReHaUe|SuN ‘uy Jo ano Butsze womens au 0) puodso: 0} parsedka fie sayee ayy "dojsmupe sjeudoidde ae Japun ponwpe Laipyep 40; uoproexa pub sonfepou sy UoKSnase 20 BuruER wpads 314 2490} suasaps tye we JooKps Op ML PY LA Jp voyetusiuau soso wanuoo wuepodu ues a4) Z2AaMOH Teotoe poorpnagybiow © ui woneanpa Areiuowoye 2ydu0> aug abe e989 Jo Usp Pe Jo VOHRA fuoxdo pur 2ay soyepueus yuowreyed wep 9M A pose GOO “PY (ary woneanps rosin pus e110} U=spRHP EH UL ‘wosphyp peraeeip 27 (6002) LOV ALA z ‘DaRSSRA pupa HOTTIES serine ben 0a 00, eeu puro Sty wo ans aso pe upon 44 pourqureu worraea uojeonpa A ous ofupe pane 24 UE IKE ON oF po a oN RHE Stn PRES 24) Bape Nospp Be 20) uogeonpe fuosption Ga pox oa au aoa LORNRSUOD 28 JO Gh SPRY Ben 0 are vo puns 29 uo spy ans yo no pe Brana ce Poe wogunsul jeuoReonpe Aue Oy; uOKSIUIpE ParUp 2q fleys uaz ou spin oraue> 2 (zleg APOIY “POP oh Supa neo feo gers wonton We Sa APG 305 ey HONeon s5uopeg 21 fouorpso eo 4 20pm DN a I ‘ajo uosnpu jt soon se Jo agro ounrone 80 (pogenP uoU oty ax) UoHig pogo eng “pt otesp fo on 1s fa potungerp 09 uo fudont otoenaop pogrpean fay “i ftuouepuny wou Redon! oy NBL yoy ofan ma soos jo pantnp > fen tou ow oq) Sedond Butumo uslad pqqey One “25 apy fi pooped ony uno txdes sep anout oy 3g pu Ny Sy mF OF Jo uNaD auraudng ax anous weD wosiad pargestp A193 “ZT 80} 9 tum 2 5 94 4 0 0s um amy 1 oe a 240 oF BH oi 0 and om Uosid orgep ON TE "dno sofa: 20 wore sanoqred ue yo sou pe ween! oo} ‘ove fe ed of popdoa oq uo uosod Pages ON ‘OT : “eo ue 6qe:0u ‘api0 zadoxd 0} potgns wotEge sy reBedosd put ‘sapped o) saposue> jo wopoey aig sey (pageMP uOU ap osiad page Aiong "worBe 9 wopaes } EL 9 (POIGEEE 94 Busprpuy) uam Aisna oy soqueeNS £2 aPRIY 'G @ neon FA Hp KITEContemporary Init and Education » ‘Weracy is below the national average (Le. below 46.13% as pet Census 2001) and gender gap in literacy is above the national average of 21.67%. Gil child education is affected by many issues such as poverty, social values, inadequate school faites, shortage of female teachers, and gender bias In curriculum. Access ‘education has been one of the most pressing demands of the ‘Womens rights movements. They have to face challenges and hindrances ftom familar to societal level, Firstly they are not ‘sentto schools, as they are deployed in household chores. Incase they ae enrolled in schools, there are various sues elated aco, transport, safety and cualiy. Some parent fear to send thei daughters to schools because the way to school isnot safe. The ils might have to cross highway, bridges, railway tracks, forests, €t.. and theres no scott not cafe forthe gi. Tie lends to gs being drop-outs o out of school Secondly instuctral facites at schools might pose a demotvatoe. Inadequate tlet facts force the gto go inthe open ils to urinate defcate ‘Thirds inadequate femele staf is elo a problem. Often male teachers are insenstive and may misbehave with gid students Gir might have to suffer overt and tacit form of discrimination ‘embedded in school environment In cace the gis ae diferent abled thing s change allogeter as they might be deprived from ‘eduction allogether as they might be deprived from education allogether Asfaras opportunites are concerned, the government ‘makes sure to provide primary schools and an upper primary ‘school at Ile and 3km distance espoctvel Als, separate oes for gis are made mandstory under SSA. Recrutment of female stag azoestentl for schools, There are entilements for gil lilren to retain them to schools once they are enrolled The Right of chikren to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2008, which has come into fore with effect from ‘April, 2010, prohibits ‘physical punishment’ and "mental harassment’ under section 17(1) and makes it a punishable ollense under section 17(2}. These provisions are 9 low. ‘Section 17, prohibition of physteal punishment end mental harassment o ciel Contemporary india and Education EY 1. No cid shal be subjected to physical punishment or ‘mental harassment 2. Whoever contravenes the provisions of subsection 2) shall be liable to disciplinary action under the service rules ‘plicable to such person Sections 8 and 9 of the RTE Act place @ duly on the ppropriote Government and the local auhority to “ensure that the child belonging to weaker section and the child belonging to clsodvantaged group are not discriminated against nd prevented from pursuing and completing elementary education on any rounds” ‘THE RTE Act does not preiude the application of other legislation that eats tothe violations ofthe rights of the chil, {for example booking the offenses under the IPC and the SC and SST Prevention of Atoreties Act of 1989. Definition of Corporal punishment [At present there is no statutory definition of corporal punishment of children inthe Indian law: Definition of corporal punishment can at best be only indicative. In keeping with the provisions ofthe RTE act 2008, corporal punishment could be lasified 2, Phyricl punishment '. Mental harassment and «Discrimination Corporal punishment wil ls include all forms of sexual offences as per the proction of children from sexual offences act. 2012. Physical punishment ‘The urited Nations Committe on the Rights ofthe child defines "corporal" or “physical” punishment as any punishment ‘nuhich physical forces usd end intended to enue some degree ‘of pain or discomfort, however light. Examples of physical Sunishment include bul are not resteted ie te footing rh Casing physical hacin to chien ty biting, Meine,"py sufi an Jo woRDeIOKY 99 0 suORTAOHT STOUR SS6I “}°V sIWBNA THD Jo wonDaON -uarouopuvde joss pe feousjaueBe pe woReH AD wursde poveyond are Ino PUB POOHPHD FEY PUP AB ‘ue wopany jo suonpuce uy pue ue Ageay euy doqenap 1) saqbey pe sonwurmioddo van ave waspyu, yey ansua 6) fpsaiboud 0% 0} veg OM PON (9) GE PNA _pomge ou are uniptp Jo abe zopua up, 2s 0 Aanssaiond Hom 0} aS 24} AHP (0) 6E SPRAY + ‘6002 "P¥ UoRENES, ‘Siomdioo pus 2a 0 UatpHID Jo BRO WweUIELD op IN pomeuoneiado uaoq rey BH RUOUIEPUTY TUL, URUDSPmo Fg fe ego 2 ue Yan E04 Usain O95 Jo 36 2430 uasptp Feo} oN Meswoo puw aay opHOad es 2725 pK) SPADA wORTANSHED 2ep JO Y 12 APIIY # “quip wen 27 01 yOt.99 7 anneoyn sound sod sou a\AaEO|E INO 0p 0) 20 ootps prone oy x sou asp saxo uoUnUN R1odio9 o sea asneoeq oeonpe oF YBH SIND e lm soma ‘or "PERP 80 AUBP pue wopedy ap sue soe pe fsenqe of sjmoiue wousjsund jeden “ae yo s10a6 py 0} ch ‘asp 20j uoreonpa ot a9 pop HUE pul a OH Es ag) spajond yon Bp UoRFHASUOD 4 JO TZ AAPRAY + suojeyaosd feuoRRINSUO roafieu se9qNeC'? rope 20 UoySya Yun “29 uo paseq ua fo dn zo pip © or sone) sods "suuopun '5y00q Aig eau Sep pris BuyiuayP‘eatpnand yursoo 10 ase uo poseg SIE ‘tuapese uo Bunuouog > (zopus® Aq peubsse way Bune Jo seas fg poutisse 290} o Buse oxdusero 20) spnlexd 2Bpua® 30 fur “ase> uo paseq sooups uy Bujeoe pus snp uaiayp BunsSisy 9 sarge / Ag 1 ppb 30 nos poe ayoeds © euebe 2.01 Bury Bus Aa JootDs ot owt ‘gunnnoo oxy o sexpnted puesopruyejepos Bubun ge mops ‘9 0) pornsas ju 2: sng sopipur pue eyuEU 30 a ‘eo 6002 “2M 99 pn A080 suoNDeS eam 0 edna PobeveApes 0} uonenoras az at) JppuM pEuTUPE WapRIS ' Buag 4) 1930} Jo Jwwied ou 20 wots pve vonedrano "Rp jai sy jo ameDoq PIP pure reo, MoxAEEg Pu simaunpeojppid se poosiopun st woneuruong eplosp VoweORze ‘ponds 0 Euuounuses so ors opuonp (paede © 20 AOU Sauces prs suman usp Yn PAK © SUT sueuulopod yy noid 0 ND a BIEN Ok PD A Buqueys, 6 mopeyaq woossep Jo jusuDbaueR Uy oqGOH ' aso ope nq “stuapene ut Mood aff You Ao ou 22pIogp AwpeindAy yop UORUAGE PRP ese PTS ID sy Boypge wan pu pp wpa» oy suneous ng sn oumranpe ouopece jo suouapoden ampen a oo ©} Age says oF anp woosssep ax UI PRP ® BUM "= ‘scoraan ue Sa AH Seeds - eu} 9 oe se ‘gay 204 0} pres gm 40 ais “uoKedroD feared srs “Puncdypeq 24 0 peor PR 2X4 SaorpRP uMbOR 1 Buruuoed Buspar ‘pap a4 44 Sa eyo Bas '> ‘wonepru ‘sonpotpe BuremumY Susn Supjooe pu Suu Binge9 AUB spINP a4 Seo 0K e “Buwoqoyex 0} papiss ou ang spr UH KP 70 ug Fa FrBoj1psed pe aapane ath oF eNOUEp Hyp HuDUEON, Teostiyd uou fue se pooysiapun sr JueuNseMY [ep “oot ai goed posop fue 30 p91 Yon woos ay uoNLIEC ("ao seos OU HP “pu deos Bure apse 9) Buy o uonsdin pend > :(3 Bao sy Bron 39 Buoy ‘poy vo BuaooK>® {im Buspues uonsod axetp w ut yom 24 EBS Bupa “yous Uo Buspues)uonsod aqeuogonun ue SUNS Uap Suyept-4 ("2 ypoysoupope Ba yoe'simMP TED eos ‘pis sues) yuu Aue nox 30 en Bude Be “Dupes ‘20 Buntog ey orp Bund Gung Banu BaeDS = ‘SaaS PUR pr ICD e pean a ap TIOALIIEDContemporary Ina and Eeation a "1955 can be used fo prosecute a person /manager / used as \weel ps warrant resumption or suspension of gran made by the Government to theelucatonal institute on orhostel on the ground of untouchabilty ‘The Protection of Children from Sexual Offence Act, 2012 “The act protcs children children from offences of sexual ‘saul, sexual harassment and pornogrephy and provides for sablshment of spocal cours for tl of auch offences and for raters connected with or incidental thereo. India isa signatory tothe United Nations Convention on (Child Rights (UNCRC). Arle 19 of the UNCRC states: Stato Darts shall ake all appropriate egatve, administrative, sci ‘and educational measures to protect the cid from all forms of hysical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglct or negligent {teotment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sextel abuse, whi in the care of parent, legal guardians or any other person who has the eare ofthe chi. Thus the provisions in the RTE. ‘Ac banning corporal punishment and mental harassment are in ‘consonance with the spr of Article 39 (ofthe constiution, the [National Policy on Education and the UNCRC. see contemporary Ine and Eaveation 8 UNIT -3 CONTEMPORARY INDIAN SCHOOLING: CONCERNS AND ISSUES 1. Write about meaning, need and importance of Equality of Educational Opportunities. ‘Ans. Meaning of Equality of Educational Opportunity ‘The concept of equality of educational opportunity has passed through various sages of evolution in history. present ‘Squaliy of educational opportunity has been interpreted as "the ‘opportunity to start together, to benef from staggered starts, to remain onthe came rack anid to un or progress together + According to NPE(1986) Equality of Education means to provide for equal opportunity to all not only in acess but elo in the conditions for succee. Equality of education oppertunity thas been taken as equation of access by stable manipulation ‘of educational input (ike pica facies, equipment in schools, tnd qualiy of teachers, cucukum, and fnantal assistance for the poor “¢ To others it has meant an equalization of results of ‘education as well thats equalization of educational achievement land benefits acoarding fom + Til date the terms equality of educational opportunity was generally interpreted as openings of schools within walking ‘stance for chiren, providing residential fecites to chen, ‘edmistion of children of ll communities o school, reducing the ‘dropout rate and increasing the retention rae of children through ‘erious measures, provision of non-formal education center for the nomaltending children, grant of pre-matslc and postmatric spends and provision of various ancilary services to feciltate Schooling of children, It lea common abservation that such ‘Provisions have either not been fully uid or net undersioed in the right perspective by the beneficiaries concerned,sued onto ue useg ey Uewo oxpeH pu m LOREAINE ny a Jo ane 9m TEA) spIo%e! VOqHH9 2) WOH womioyn oy woneonpg Jo S1umj0ddo yenbg Jo worsiaorg (© “uaipap pagee pu 9H (OAHL POPOLES -srm pmpaxps) iat aunts epeds im soUNOSO ‘Ruopeonpe jo nb Bujowoud 20) suopyaond oy soe frou at ee aooe-obes a) anos 9 UOREENDS Show ei any cong uoNeenpe sxou pu alow 205 aed Sep ajo no some UCU 9.0} UosEx PuOze a. _uBt ng Baspix9 wy p9pNPND 99 pon (9 ‘00 pmB o>") ua ou Ho PUR ‘Hbnpeuiurpunyo6| Uogeonpe imap yo oda WOK Pre }suoquon s8 ueuny Jo vorepaq Euan eM 70 (192 Fy Ss weuy eso wy doReEnp® Jo EH eH wOsL eBjonp ae xp Kp eA, ‘sUOREIAPELOD om WOH, fue soe puswop yeuanun Su, Sou wapoL jo pHEeP Sum Ajurnoddo feuoqeonps Jo Aenbo Jo Uossnodd “pay senrempoddo reuoRe=nP Jo Aypenbg Jo suojsiaozd yeuorimansuey © sy eonuou vwospinp pargesra (2 ssepms S/S ANION (e ‘sopmsuO sno ul soRMOddO yeUOREINP jo Ayjenbe Jo suoysjaoid oq moqe aM coon wip 20} voneaect sy pus anor panyernpar oxy seprumoddo feuoneanp > dogenyenbo Buprefos uogemys au. + pus Yipes wea te yo bie, a Jo owanortpe ap 1) unt euoTEONp bin y womutenes au sourpoddo tons Jo wood xp poy sunjgox auL + Ymuodio euoREonpe jo uopRENbS Jo pau ay pu sydeouco xp Jo Eupuewapun sof 05 nox pani aq es Rump uoneonpe jo eb, , gene ope 9 20804 Pros wORKENpS 205 ano ER BI PT IOD auoauy pa - ==_==—=s rv ng cone ren ou poo ese Sten umyocur sour ooue aoe Sead 9 Bape a =—r—~—Lh a ”—rt—— ‘eon njenb yo soso Daves ys pend bee em pe nents os metic ‘alo # tym 9p oS © oor ps pln ana Gin maa Penis nes abt ato l epee sgenepintrdnepesrepseniserrpeed ne ao jousope ates poms uns pp fgerba porece ones soup aoe 2 sop fon + Toor pa Agen Sasa pr eo" Bate wy pono sce Sumoqe on cron ae a ———_C= non weg 70 POON Gre 0 eros one Fe Pe ‘ons pon Sees its 9s oe aso tp 0 poe oneness a Au poogenge sap of ansesnuts eoponee por mucar f sums ug oo pt pancopaoe ‘ogsopn toon eno Sema wm spond st seo som po pu jus nos wn 0 Nop ooops 2 rwonedpied oaoe suspen, oor fw eras pres ty San > Aan! unpre op r———i ie siuge nope toners ey anton ae Sr copenou spe nen entombed poe oe thre topo a my sepa lar np sevopereroprniqer smn operenoe ne otis won mise Woy tenes ae 7 ‘oan pus Spur RIOAAITSbeta wmoymin 3" PBoneoray nerd ton ee oe aa ahem SMG Siete a, ae aes og aed as nrc ham tae moe eal Ais = aes eh ee oer ee Wit Sl? ul be isiled pat of vpn = a seamen ‘top loi Steet rence Se ‘aiseriinitiation’ Wilf BO vis pact igort aan dito ve According to the Scherile Costes end Schedules Tbes were 21/38 ard 16 , 35. Ret cent ceepscivehy ax against 41x 20 per eent-f the Non- ‘Scheduled caste and Non-Scherlet Tribe: population sectors, The proes ofthe eduction of woroen ofthese comuwuiis is poor. The teracy rates of women ofthe Schedule Castes ond ‘Scheduled Ties were 10.30 and 8.40 pareent ag gains 29 per ‘cent 49 yore ofoer population sao "THe Hidenge of Higher education in these’ communities i'dismally low. Se imbalance edcaten-developmht bette Pepulaton sects led o may wc nd eon eh ‘Siento tani ices i ny {ental tritherontenious deve ee a ern abate Objectives of Equalization of Educatignal Opiirtinities for the SCIST Students. Pansat ‘Educational backwardness amongst the"Scleduled Castes and Scedled Tes hasbeen deo soci epaion tnd economic provrty meted out to thse communis independence prod: i) The’ negates in’ educational development tile _sduatonaly board communis and ther ecto 6 ian ‘ede ought to be minimised by specl ees =" 1) Tid behcfooral dcrimination show (BRA A tren f hie Seheuled Cates aid Schild Toes, en inadvertent fesied In thee disinterest sid, sar) ‘ideal and develope ose Sest! ey er chile of theses comminites, spacial the fst generation Teamers=" ¥) Teachers have a role to senite the ravens and communis member ofthe Schedule Cases and Schedule Tbes ‘on the sctmés and incentives for them and to motiale them fo feducatethei children, = i) A‘@ash progiamme of universal functional itary and teacher’ whol-heated portcipation would bridge the gap Lnnbalancéin the éuation ofthe Scheduled Castes, Scigdsled ‘Hes and ier cemtnunitin Indian soe. ‘Stes to Be taken! The folowing ae come important step whih sould be taken bythe school faite the SCST students in their eduention. :s8 je;ad, souyep sisqaqy “Uaupyy> Berane Jo Aofeus 4 un poem fpersn Yow In “wOIPIAP Pay Pe PoIgesP ap (91 poquotoid | uoneanpo jo ed reds estes wapous Uy "=re9 (01} PUB Be}p Y>aad Aq poray (6) poddeouEY ‘eos! (g)porsnipeeus (2) acdend 9) yeuouge reuoneonpo (6) Bureau serzed (5) 9p (6) pewyos Send (2) Pun (1) ‘292 ot uarpRD sno} jeuoHEoNPS fepads BuLMbar asp. 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