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DBMS Mini Project Content

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Veerendra manvi
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27 views

DBMS Mini Project Content

Uploaded by

Veerendra manvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

The objective of “Employee Management System” is designing a scheduling system for a


work centre. Scheduling is such a tool with which the process of intimating activities and
notifications will be easy and even online in the organization where it is installed.
But these task of scheduling the different activities if manually done whether they may be
personal or official is time consuming and also may lead to confusion if not properly seduled.
Employee Management System is a distributed application, developed to maintain the details
of employees working in any organization. It maintains the information about the personal
details of their employees.
The application is actually a suite of applications developed using PHP. It is simple to
understand and can be used by anyone who is not even familiar with simple employee’s
system. It is user friendly and just asks the user to follow step by step operations by giving
him few options.
It is fast and can perform many operations of a company or organization. This software
project has been developed using the powerful coding tools of HTML, CSS and PHP at Front
End and Microsoft Sql Server at Back End.
The software is very user friendly. The project contains modules like Employee and Admin.
This version of the software has multi-user approach. For further enhancement or
development of the package, user’s feedback will be considered.

OBJECTIVES
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Paperless: To make existing system paperless and save lots of bunching logs of files on the
shelf which makes the later on access of the record not at all easy task and overhead to
peoples.

Automatic: Making the existing system fully automatic which will save lots of human
resources work. As the current system is all human resource work is needed to maintain and
keep the record and details of every employee under and organization to keep track of every
employee in staff working in an organization.

In this world of growing technologies everything has been computerized. With large number
of work opportunities the Human workforce has increased. Thus there is a need of a system
which can handle the data of such a large number of Employees in an organization. This
project simplifies the task of maintain records because of its user friendly nature.

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SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Following are the software Requirements.

Database : MySQL
Front-End : HTML
Scripting language : Java Script
Technology : PHP
Web Browser : Edge, Chrome, Firefox etc
Server : Apache
IDE : Sublime

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Following are the Minimum hardware requirements

Processor : Intel / AMD dual core


Processor Speed : 2.0. GHz
RAM : 1 GB
Hard Disk : 50GB to 90GB

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

1. HTML

WHAT IS HTML?
To publish information for global distribution, one needs a university-understood language, a
kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially understand. The
publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
HTML Gives Author the Means To
⦁ Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, list, photos etc.
⦁ Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click of a button
⦁ Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in searching
information, making reservation, ordering products etc.;
⦁ Includes spreadsheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in the
documents.

Some HTML Tags

<HTML> : Starting an HTML tag


<HEAD> : Creating a web page’s head
<TITLE> : Giving a web page ‘s body
</HEAD> : Ending a web pages head
</BODY> : Ending a web pages body
</HTML> :Ending a web page
<FORM> : Creating a HTML forms
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON> : Creating a buttons
<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX> : Creating a checkboxes
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT> : Creating a submit button
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT> : Creating a text fields

HTML 4.0 extends with mechanisms for style sheets, scripting, frames embedding objects,
improved support for right to left and mixed direction texts, richer tables and enhancements
to form, offering improved accessibilities for people with disability.

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2. INTRODUCTION TO JAVA SCRIPT

WHAT IS JAVA SCRIPT?


JavaScript, originally supported by Netscape Navigator, is the most popular Web scripting
language today. JavaScript lets you embed programs right in your Web pages and run these
programs using the Web browser. You place these programs in a <SCRIPT> element. If you
want the script to write directly to the Web page, place it in the <BODY> element.

EX: <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>
</SCRIPT>
</BODY></HTML>

3.JAVA SCRIPTS OBJECTS


JavaScript is an object-oriented language. JavaScript comes with a number of predefined
objects.
Objects of the JavaScript
⦁ Document: Corresponds to the current Web page’s body. Using this object, you have
access to the HTML of the page itself, including the all links, images and anchors in it.
⦁ Form: Holds information about HTML forms in the current page.
⦁ Frame: Refers to a frame in the browser’s window.
⦁ History: Holds the records of sites the Web browser has visited before reaching the
current page.
⦁ Location: Holds information about the location of the current web page.
⦁ Navigator: Refers to the browser itself, letting you determine what browser the user
has.
⦁ Window: Refers to the current browser window.

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4.JAVASCRIPTS EVENTS

Some of the events of JavaScript


⦁ on Change: Occurs when data in a control, like a text field, changes.
⦁ on Click: Occurs when an element is clicked.
⦁ on Focus: Occurs when an element gets the focus.
⦁ on Mouse Down: Occurs when a mouse button goes down.
⦁ on Reset: Occurs when the user clicks the reset button.

5.JAVASCRIPTS FUNCTIONS
Declaration of function
Syntax: function function name ()
{
…
…
}
Write these functions in <SCRIPT> tag.

6.RDBMS CONCEPTS
⦁ DATA ABSTRACTION
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the data.
This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. However in order
for the system to be usable, data must be retrieved efficiently. The efficiency lead to the
design of complex data structure for the representation of data in the database. Certain
complexity must be hidden from the database system users. This accomplished by defining
several levels of abstraction at which the database may be viewed.

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CLASSIFICATION OF DATABASE

There are 3 types of database approaches given below,

⦁ Hierarchical Database:
In this type of model data is represented in simple tree structured. The record at the top of
three is known as root, the root may have any number of dependents. Each of these may have
any number of low level dependents and so on up to any number of levels. The disadvantages
of the approach are that no independent record occurrence can exist without it’s superior.

⦁ Network Database:
In a Network database, data is represented by Network structure. In this approach record
occurrence can have any number of superiors as well as any number of immediate dependents
thus allow many to many correspondence directly than an hierarchical approach. The main
disadvantage of the Network model is data representation is very complex resulting in
complexity of the DML (Data Manipulation Language).

⦁ Relational Database:
The Relational model represents data and relationships among data by a collection of tables
each of which has a number of columns with unique names.

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6.THE SQL LANGUAGE
SQL is a language for relational database. SQL is a non-procedural i.e., when we use SQL we
specify what we want to be done not how to do it.

Features of SQL

⦁ SQL is an interactive query language.


⦁ SQL is a database administration language.
⦁ SQL is a database programming language.
⦁ SQL is a client/server language.
⦁ SQL is a distributed database language.
⦁ SQL is a database gateway language.

Basic SQL Commands

⦁ Data Definition Language commands (DDL)


⦁ Data Manipulation Language commands (DML)
⦁ Transaction Control Language commands (TCL)
⦁ Data control Language commands (DCL)

Some of The Most Important SQL Commands

⦁ SELECT - extracts data from a database


⦁ UPDATE - updates data in a database
⦁ DELETE - deletes data from a database
⦁ INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
⦁ CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
⦁ ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
⦁ CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
⦁ ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
⦁ DROP TABLE - deletes a table

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PHP

⦁ PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"


⦁ PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
⦁ PHP scripts are executed on the server
⦁ PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

⦁ PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
⦁ PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is
returned to the browser as plain HTML

⦁ PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?

⦁ PHP can generate dynamic page content


⦁ PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the
server
⦁ PHP can collect form data
⦁ PHP can send and receive cookies
⦁ PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
⦁ PHP can be used to control user-access
⦁ PHP can encrypt data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even
Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The context diagram is the most abstract data flow representation of a system.
It represents the entire system as a single bubble and the various external entities with which
the system interacts and the data flows occurring between the system and the external entities
are also represented.

The name context diagram is well justified because it represents the context in which the
system is to exist i.e. the external entities (users) that would interact with the system and
specific data items they would be receiving from the system.

Department
Management

Employee Leave
Management Management

EMPLOYEE
MANAGEM
ENT
SYSTEM

Salary System User


Management Management

Login
Management

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ENITIY RELATIONSHIP(ER) DIAGRAM

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of entity sets stored in a
database. An entity in this context is an object, a component of data. An entity set is a
collection of similar entities. These entities can have attributes that define its properties

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DATABASE DESIGN

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the database is
part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been identified at
analysis stage. They are structured and put together to design the data storage and retrieval
system.

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve


many users quickly and efficiently.

The general objective is to make database access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the
user. Relationships are established between the data items and unnecessary data items are
removed.
Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data and to have minimum
redundancy and maximum stability.

This ensures minimizing data storage required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies
and optimizing for updates. The MS Access database has been chosen for developing the
relevant databases.

This project entitled “EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” contains 6 tables that are as
follows:

1. alogin

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2. employee

3. employee_leave

4. Project

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5. Rank

6. Salary

SYSTEM TESTING

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, designing and coding.

TESTING OBJECTIVES:

⦁ Testing is process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.

⦁ A good test case design is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error.

⦁ A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.

These above objectives imply a dramatic change in view port.


Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that software errors are
present.

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SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES:

There are three types of testing strategies


⦁ Unit test
⦁ Integration test
⦁ Performance test

Unit Testing:

Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design
module. The unit test is always white box oriented. The tests that occur as part of unit testing
are testing the module interface, examining the local data structures, testing the boundary
conditions, execution all the independent paths and testing error-handling paths.

Integration Testing:

Integration testing is a systematic technique or construction the program structure


while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. Scope
of testing summarizes the specific functional, performance, and internal design characteristics
that are to be tested. It employs top-down testing and bottom-up testing methods for this case.

Performance Testing:

Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether
system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe.

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SNAPSHOTS

Homepage:

Employee Login

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Admin Login

Employee Dashboard

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Applying Leave

Admin Dashboard

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Employee Details

Assigning Project

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Salary Table

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CONCLUSION

This project is developed using php, html, css, Ajax, javascript and MySql fully meets the
objective of the system which it has been developed.

This project is used for computerizing employee management work in offices, schools, etc.
The software keeps record of employee’s attendance, provident fund, gratuity and salary and
generates the slip of salary too.

The software is capable of easy storage of information related to employee through database

This project is helpful in maintaining the employee’s record, calculating the salary for each
employee and it also focuses on each employee’s attendance and the no of leaves taken per
month/year.

There is also a possibility of checking salary report at any time so that it doesn’t lead to any
miscalculation

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REFERENCES

a) https://www.w3schools.com/php/

b) https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp

c) https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp

d) https://www.mysql.com/

e)https://developer.mozilla.org/enUS/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/JavaS
cript_basics

f) http://php.net/manual/en/spl.datastructures.php

g) http://php.net/manual/en/spl.files.php

h)http://www.weberp4.com/office-automationapplications/employee-management.htm

i) http://fooplugins.github.io/FooTable/

j) http://www.moneycontrol.com/personalfinance/tools/gratuity-calculator.html

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