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Physics Expt B2

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Physics Expt B2

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hajinasirkhan45
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Class XII Physics Practical

Expt. B2
Aim of the Expt.: To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between
𝑢 and 𝑣.
Apparatus required:
Optical Bench, Convex lens with holder, object and image pins, index rod, spirit
level, etc.
Theory:
The focal length of a lens may be defined as the distance between the optical
centre and the focus of the lens.
Working formula:
If ′𝑢′ is the object distance, ′𝑣′ is the corresponding distance of the real image
formed, then the focal length ′𝑓′ of the lens is given as
1 1 1
= −( )
𝑓 𝑣 −𝑢
𝑢 being negative, we can write
1 1 1 𝑢𝑣
= + ⇒𝑓=
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢 𝑢+𝑣
Experimental Data:
Index correction:
Length of the index rod, 𝑏 = 33.0 𝑐𝑚
Apparent distance of the object pin from the centre of the lens, 𝐿1 = 33.3 𝑐𝑚
Apparent distance of the image pin from the centre of the lens, 𝐿2 = 32.6 𝑐𝑚
Correction for 𝑢 = 𝑏 − 𝐿1 = 33.0 − 33.3 = −0.3 𝑐𝑚
Correction for 𝑣 = 𝑏 − 𝐿2 = 33.0 − 32.6 = +0.4 𝑐𝑚
Table I
Position Position Apparent Apparent
No. Position Corrected Corrected
of object of image 𝑢 = 𝑣 =
Event of of lens 𝑢 𝑣
pin pin −(𝐶~𝑃) (𝑄~𝐶 )
Obsn. (𝐶 ) 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚
(𝑃) 𝑐𝑚 (𝑄 ) 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚
1 24.7 108.9 −50.3 33.9 −50.0 34.3
𝑢>𝑣 2 75.0 28.7 110.6 −46.3 35.6 −46.0 36.0
3 32.7 114.6 −42.3 39.6 −42.0 40.0
1 36.7 119.1 −38.3 44.1 −38.0 44.5
𝑢<𝑣 2 75.0 40.7 126.2 −34.3 51.2 −34.0 51.6
3 44.7 138.0 −30.3 63.0 −30.0 63.4
70.0

-30.0, 63.4
60.0

-34.0, 51.6 50.0


𝑄 -38.0, 44.5
𝑅
-42.0, 40.0 40.0

v (cm)
-46.0, 36.0
-50.0, 34.3
30.0

SCALE:
20.0
Along the abscissa:
10 sides of small square = 10 cm
Along the ordinates:
10 sides of small square = 10 cm 10.0

0.0
𝑃
-70.0 -60.0 -50.0 -40.0 -30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0
-u (cm)
Fig. 1. (u-v) graph

From the graph,


Table II
𝑄𝑅 = −𝑢 𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑄 𝑓1 + 𝑓2
𝑃𝑄 = 𝑣 = 2𝑓 𝑓1 = − 𝑓2 = 𝑓=
= −2𝑓 2 2 2
𝑐𝑚
𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚
41.0 41.0 20.5 20.5 20.5

Results:
The focal length of the given convex lens is found to be 20.5 𝑐𝑚.

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