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Chy 30.1 Activity 7

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7 views12 pages

Chy 30.1 Activity 7

Uploaded by

s.hofilena.raul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Graham's Law of

Diffusion
An Overview of Gas Behavior in Diffusion and Effusion

BSA 1H - GROUP 4
(team fura)
INTRODUCTION
Gas molecules are in constant random
motion.

Diffusion: Gradual mixing of molecules


of one gas with another due to their
kinetic properties.

Molecular speed is estimated using the


root-mean-square (rms) speed.
Root-Mean- Where:
Square Speed Urms​- Root-mean-square speed
R - Gas constant
(Equation 1) T - Temperature in Kelvin
M - Molar mass of the gas

Key insights:
Speed is directly proportional to square-root of
T​.
Speed is inversely proportional to square-root
of M.
Graham's Law: Diffusion and Graham's
Law
Diffusion is gradual despite high
molecular speeds.

Example:
Smelling perfume from across a room.
Where:
r1​,r2​: Diffusion rates of two gases
M1​,M2​: Molar masses of the gases
key insights:
Diffusion rates are inversely
proportional to the square roots of
molar masses.
Effusion

Effusion: Escape of gas molecules through a


tiny hole.
Same mathematical relationship as Graham's
Law of Diffusion.
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
Example Data:

Gas 1 (HCl):
Molar Mass (M1​) = 36.46 g/mol
Distance traveled (r1​) = 12 cm

Gas 2 (NH₃):
Molar Mass (M2​) = 17.03 g/mol
Distance traveled (r2​) = 28 cm
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
For HCl: STEP BY STEP
1. Using the formula
2. Substitute the
values
3. Multiply constants &
divide by molar
mass
4. Take the square
root
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
For NH₃: STEP BY STEP
1. Using the formula
2. Substitute the
values
3. Multiply constants &
divide by molar
mass
4. Take the square
root
EXAMPLE CALCULATION
Graham's Law:
Step by Step
1. Using the
formula
2. Substitute the
values
3. Simplify
4. Calculate the
square root
Applications and Summary

Applications: Summary:
Separation of gases. Diffusion and effusion
Understanding gas describe gas motion.
behavior in various Lighter gases
conditions. diffuse/effuse faster than
heavier ones.
Graham's Law of Diffusion
Timeline

EARLY CONCEPT OF EXPERIMENTAL MODERN ONGOING RESEARCH


DIFFUSION VALIDATION ACHIEVED APPLICATIONS PROGRESSES
EMERGE
Introduced by Thomas Experiments confirmed Investigating new
Graham in 1846. theoretical Used in industrial materials and diffusion
predictions of processes and mechanisms.
diffusion. research fields.
Thank
you!

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