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Reviewer For Let Exam

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29 views5 pages

Reviewer For Let Exam

Uploaded by

Renz Magramo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Key Dates and Events

1. 1521 - Arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines.


o First circumnavigation of the world.
o Conversion of some native leaders to Christianity.
o Death of Magellan at the Battle of Mactan (killed by Lapu-Lapu).
2. 1565 - Establishment of the first Spanish settlement in Cebu by Miguel López de
Legazpi.- SEKATUNA
3. 1896 - Philippine Revolution against Spain.
o Founding of the Katipunan by Andrés Bonifacio.
o Execution of Dr. José Rizal (December 30, 1896), whose works inspired the
revolution.
4. 1898 - Declaration of Philippine Independence (June 12) by Emilio Aguinaldo.
o Treaty of Paris ends the Spanish-American War; the Philippines was ceded to
the United States.
5. 1901 - Capture of Emilio Aguinaldo.
o Introduction of the public school system and the American educational structure.
6. 1942–1945 - Japanese Occupation during World War II.
o Bataan Death March (April 1942) - Forced transfer of Filipino and American
prisoners of war by the Japanese, resulting in thousands of deaths.
o Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944) - Largest naval battle in history; liberation of the
Philippines began.
7. 1946 - Philippine Independence from the United States (July 4).
8. 1972–1981 - Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos.
o Proclamation No. 1081 declared Martial Law to suppress alleged rebellion.
o Human rights violations, curtailment of press freedom, and a strong centralized
government.
9. 1986 - EDSA People Power Revolution.
o Nonviolent movement that ended Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship.
o Installation of Corazon Aquino, the first female president.

Important Figures

1. Dr. José Rizal:


o Works: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo.
o Known as the Philippine National Hero.
2. Andrés Bonifacio:
o Founder of the Katipunan.
o Called the "Father of the Philippine Revolution."
3. Emilio Aguinaldo:
o First President of the Philippines.
o Leader of the Philippine Revolution.
4. Manuel L. Quezon:
o Father of the Philippine Language.
o First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
5. Ferdinand Marcos:
o Declared Martial Law in 1972.
o Known for the "Golden Age" of infrastructure and controversies of corruption.
6. Corazon Aquino:
o Leader of the People Power Revolution.
o First woman president of the Philippines.
7. Lapu-Lapu:
o Hero of the Battle of Mactan.
8. Antonio Luna:
o General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army.
o Known for his discipline and fiery personality.
9. Gregorio del Pilar:
o Known as the "Boy General."
o Hero of the Battle of Tirad Pass.

Important Movements

1. Propaganda Movement (1880s–1890s):


o Aimed at reforms rather than independence.
o Key members: José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano López Jaena.
2. Katipunan (1892):
o Secret revolutionary society led by Andrés Bonifacio.
o Advocated for complete independence from Spain.
3. Hukbalahap (1942–1954):
o Guerrilla movement during the Japanese occupation.
o Later became a communist insurgency post-WWII.
4. People Power Movement (1986):
o Overthrew the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

HAMLET

Synopsis

Prince Hamlet of Denmark is grief-stricken after the sudden death of his father, King Hamlet.
His uncle, Claudius, quickly ascends the throne and marries Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. Hamlet
encounters the ghost of his father, who reveals that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet vows to seek
revenge but struggles with indecision and moral dilemmas.
This leads to a series of tragic events, including Hamlet accidentally killing Polonius (father of
Ophelia and Laertes), Ophelia's descent into madness and death, and a final duel where almost
all major characters, including Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes, die.

Themes

1. Revenge and Justice: Explores the destructive nature of vengeance.


2. Madness: Real vs. feigned insanity as a strategy for Hamlet.
3. Mortality: The inevitability of death and its impact on human actions.
4. Corruption and Decay: Symbolized by the rotting state of Denmark.

Characters

1. Hamlet - The tragic hero and Prince of Denmark.


2. Claudius - Hamlet's uncle and the antagonist.
3. Gertrude - Hamlet's mother and Queen of Denmark.
4. Ophelia - Hamlet's love interest who descends into madness.
5. Laertes - Ophelia's brother, who seeks revenge for Polonius's death.
6. Polonius - The Lord Chamberlain, accidentally killed by Hamlet.
7. The Ghost - The spirit of King Hamlet, inciting Hamlet to seek revenge.

Figures of Speech

 Metaphor: "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark."


 Soliloquy: Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” speech explores the nature of existence.
 Irony: Hamlet’s feigned madness mirrors the real corruption around him.

MACBETH

Synopsis

Macbeth, a brave Scottish general, encounters three witches who prophesy that he will become
king. Spurred by ambition and his wife, Lady Macbeth, he murders King Duncan and seizes the
throne. Consumed by guilt and paranoia, Macbeth becomes a tyrant, leading to further murders,
including his close friend Banquo and Macduff’s family.
Macduff leads a rebellion against Macbeth, culminating in Macbeth's death. The prophecy is
fulfilled when Duncan's son, Malcolm, becomes king.

Themes

1. Ambition and Power: The corrupting force of unchecked ambition.


2. Fate vs. Free Will: The role of prophecy in determining actions.
3. Guilt and Conscience: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are haunted by their crimes.
4. The Natural vs. the Supernatural: Witches symbolize chaos and fate.

Characters
1. Macbeth - The tragic hero whose ambition leads to his downfall.
2. Lady Macbeth - Macbeth's manipulative and ambitious wife.
3. The Witches - Predict Macbeth’s rise and fall, representing fate.
4. Banquo - Macbeth’s friend and a symbol of virtue.
5. Macduff - A nobleman who ultimately kills Macbeth.
6. Malcolm - The rightful heir to the throne.

Figures of Speech

 Personification: “Sleep that knits up the raveled sleeve of care.”


 Symbolism: Blood symbolizes guilt; darkness represents evil deeds.
 Foreshadowing: The witches’ prophecy sets the tone for the play.

OTHER IMPORTANT NOVELS

1. Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)

 Themes: Love and fate, family conflict, and youthful impulsiveness.


 Figures of Speech:
o Oxymoron: "Parting is such sweet sorrow."
o Metaphor: Comparing Juliet to the sun.

2. The Great Gatsby (F. Scott Fitzgerald)

 Themes: The American Dream, class division, and moral decay.


 Figures of Speech:
o Symbolism: The green light represents Gatsby’s dreams.
o Metaphor: “Her voice is full of money.”

3. Pride and Prejudice (Jane Austen)

 Themes: Love, marriage, social class, and personal growth.


 Figures of Speech:
o Irony: Critiques the societal norms of marriage.
o Satire: Pokes fun at the obsession with wealth and status.

4. To Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee)

 Themes: Racial injustice, morality, and innocence.


 Figures of Speech:
o Metaphor: The mockingbird symbolizes innocence.
o Foreshadowing: The children’s fear of Boo Radley hints at societal prejudice.

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