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RESPIRATION

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14 views4 pages

RESPIRATION

Uploaded by

johnwahid77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Respiratory System “MCQ”

1- Concerning the intra-pleural pressure, all are correct Except


a- Negative intra-pleural pressure helps venous return.
b- Intra-pleural pressure negativity increases during inspiration
c- It is -3 mmHg at the end of inspiration
d- Intra-pleural pressure negativity is a measure of lung elasticity

2- All statement about surfactant are correct Except:


a- It is a lipoprotein mixture
b- It is formed by type II alveolar epithelium
c- Its formation is increased by inhalation of 100% O2
d- It prevents pulmonary edema

3- During normal inspiration:


a- The intra-pleural pressure becomes sub-atmospheric
b- The abdominal muscles contract
c- The intra-pleural pressure becomes more negative
d- The accessory inspiratory muscles contract

4- All the following occur during normal inspiration Except:


a- The diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract
b- The intra-alveolar pressure becomes -1 mmHg
c- The intra-pleural pressure becomes more negative
d- The internal intercostal and abdominal muscle contract

5- Concerning the negative intra-pleural pressure; all are correct Except:


a- It is more negative at end of inspiration than end of expiration during normal respiration
b- It helps lung expansion
c- It is caused by continuous tendency of the lungs to expand
d- It is caused by continuous tendency of lungs to recoil against continuous tendency of chest wall to expand

6- During normal inspiration the following occur:


a- The internal intercostal muscles contract
b- The intra-pleural pressure becomes -1 mmHg
c- The intra-alveolar pressure becomes +1 mmHg
d- The recoil tendency of the lung increases

7- Hypoxic hypoxia
a- Is characterized by normal PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Is caused by heart failure
c- Is accompanied by low hemoglobin content
d- Is caused by ascending to high altitude

8- Hypoxic hypoxia
a- Is characterized by normal PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Is produced by carbon monoxide poisoning.
c- Is accompanied by low hemoglobin content
d- May occur in obstructive lung diseases
9- Cyanosis:
a- May be caused by high levels of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
b- Occur in anemic patients
c- Is sever in cyanide poisoning
d- Is observed in stagnant hypoxia

10- Cyanosis:
a- May be caused by high levels of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
b- Is sever in cyanide poisoning
c- Is caused by a decrease in the number of red cells
d- Is present in sever lung diseases

11- Pneumotaxic center function to produce the following:


a- Limits the duration of inspiration.
b- Prolong the duration of expiration.
c- Activates the apneustic center
d- Discharge spontaneously inspiratory action potential

12- The most potent controller of respiratory center during normal respiration is:
a- Decrease PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Decrease H+ concentration in arterial blood
c- The increase in carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood as it stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors.
d- The decrease in carbon dioxide tension in the cerebrospinal fluid.

13- As regards the Hering-Breuer reflexes, they:


a- Result in inhibition of inspiration during forced breathing.
b- Result in inhibition of respiration during expiration
c- Result in stimulation of inspiration during lung expansion.
d- They are inhibited by increased PO2 in arterial blood.

14- Which of the following discharge spontaneously during quiet breathing:


a- Stretch receptors of the lungs.
b- Ventral respiratory group.
c- Dorsal respiratory group.
d- Motor neurons of the respiratory muscles.

15- Peripheral and central chemoreptors are stimulated simultaneously as a result of:
a- A decrease of PO2 in the arterial blood
b- Marked increase in PO2 in arterial blood
c- An increase in H+ concentration in arterial blood
d- A PO2 in arterial blood reached 20 mmHg

16- Coughing
a- Is initiated by irritation of the alveoli
b- Is associated with relaxation of airways smooth muscles
c- Depends only on the concentration of the diaphragm
d- Differs from sneezing in that the glottis is initially closed
17- The central chemoreceptors:
a- Are present in the dorsal respiratory group
b- Are stimulated by the drop of PH of the blood
c- Can maintain PCO2 in the arterial blood constant
d- Are stimulated by decreased H+ concentration in the blood.

18- The dorsal respiratory group of neurons:


a- Switch on the start of inspiration
b- Receive inhibitory impulses from the apneustic center
c- Inhibit the respiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group
d- Receive inhibitory impulses from stretch receptors of the lungs along the vagus nerve.

19- The peripheral chemoreceptors:


a- Are present in the medulla
b- Are stimulated by decreased PO2 in arterial blood pressure below 20 mmHg
c- Are stimulated by increase H+ concentration in CSF
d- Are stimulated by PO2 in arterial blood from 60-30 mmHg and causes maximal stimulation of respiration.

20- Inspiration:
a- Occurs when intra-alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure
b- Occurs when the diaphragm relaxes
c- Is accompanied by an increase in inrapleural pressure negativity
d- Occurs due to contraction of internal intercostal muscles

21- The central chemoreceptors are stimulated by


a- An increase in PCO2 in arterial blood that flows through the brain.
b- A decrease in PO2 in arterial blood when it reaches 20 mmHg
c- An increase in PH of CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid).
d- Increased temperature of CSF.

22- Cyanosis:
a- Can be seen in a person if his blood contains % mg reduced hemoglobin/ 100ml capillary blood.
b- Is observed in histotoxic hypoxia
c- Is seen in carbon monoxide poisoning
d- Is present in lung disease that cause defect in gas diffusion

23- Concerning the respiratory centers:


a- Pneumotaxic center function to prolong duration of inspiration
b- Dorsal respiratory group neurons can discharge spontaneously
c- Apneustic center activates ventral respiratory group
d- Stretch receptors in lung send impulses along the vagus to inhibit the pneumotaxic center

24- Cough reflex:


a- Is initiated by irritation of mucous membrane of nose.
b- Is due to afferent impulses along trigeminal nerve to the respiratory centers.
c- Is associated with closure of epiglottis and marked increase in the intra-alveolar pressure.
d- Is associated with opening of the epiglottis all the time of the reflex.
25- Lung Surfactant
a- Is formed of apoprotein, Ca2+ and carbohydrates.
b- Deficiency in newly born infants causes over expansion of lung alveoli.
c- Facilitates filtration of fluid from blood to alveoli.
d- Formation decreases in cases of hypothyroidism.

26- During Normal Inspiration


a- The concentration of diaphragm is responsible for 25% increase in chest volume.
b- The intra-alveolar pressure is -1 mmHg.
c- The intra-pleural pressure negativity decreases.
d- The venous return to the heart decreases.

27- The surfactant:


a- Is secreted by the endothelium of pulmonary capillaries.
b- Is formed of carbohydrate protein complex.
c- Deficiency helps lung expansion during inspiration.
d- Deficiency causes pulmonary edema.

28- In the lungs:


a- The elastic fibers are in continuous state of maintained stretch.
b- The relaxation volume is 2.5 L.
c- The alveoli expand easily when intrapleural pressure is positive.
d- The fluid lining the alveoli increases the surface area of the alveoli.

29- Concerning the central chemoreceptors:


a- They present in the brain stem near to the apneustic center
b- They responsible for maintaining the normal Co2 tension as a response to increase in H+ concentration
c- They are compensatory to the peripheral chemoreceptors to maintain normal Co2 tension in blood
d- They respond to increase in H+ concentration in the arterial blood to maintain normal Co2 tension

30- Concerning the control of ventilation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a- The central chemoreceptors are located just below the ventral surface of the medulla.
b- In humans, peripheral chemoreceptors do not respond to altered pH but to altered P02 and PC02.
c- Raised PC02 stimulates the central chemoreceptors by altering CSF PH.
d- The response of peripheral chemoreceptors to falling PC02 is minimal until P02 is less 60 mmHg

31- Chemoreceptors in the brainstem are directly affected by


a- Carbon dioxide
b- Hydrogen ions
c- Oxygen
d- Carbonic acid

Answers
1 c 5 c 9 d 13 a 17 c 21 a
2 c 6 d 10 d 14 c 18 d 22 d
3 c 7 d 11 a 15 b 19 d 23 b
4 d 8 d 12 c 16 d 20 c 24 c
25 d 26 b 27 d 28 a 29 b 30 B
31 b

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