RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
7- Hypoxic hypoxia
a- Is characterized by normal PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Is caused by heart failure
c- Is accompanied by low hemoglobin content
d- Is caused by ascending to high altitude
8- Hypoxic hypoxia
a- Is characterized by normal PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Is produced by carbon monoxide poisoning.
c- Is accompanied by low hemoglobin content
d- May occur in obstructive lung diseases
9- Cyanosis:
a- May be caused by high levels of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
b- Occur in anemic patients
c- Is sever in cyanide poisoning
d- Is observed in stagnant hypoxia
10- Cyanosis:
a- May be caused by high levels of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
b- Is sever in cyanide poisoning
c- Is caused by a decrease in the number of red cells
d- Is present in sever lung diseases
12- The most potent controller of respiratory center during normal respiration is:
a- Decrease PO2 in arterial blood.
b- Decrease H+ concentration in arterial blood
c- The increase in carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood as it stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors.
d- The decrease in carbon dioxide tension in the cerebrospinal fluid.
15- Peripheral and central chemoreptors are stimulated simultaneously as a result of:
a- A decrease of PO2 in the arterial blood
b- Marked increase in PO2 in arterial blood
c- An increase in H+ concentration in arterial blood
d- A PO2 in arterial blood reached 20 mmHg
16- Coughing
a- Is initiated by irritation of the alveoli
b- Is associated with relaxation of airways smooth muscles
c- Depends only on the concentration of the diaphragm
d- Differs from sneezing in that the glottis is initially closed
17- The central chemoreceptors:
a- Are present in the dorsal respiratory group
b- Are stimulated by the drop of PH of the blood
c- Can maintain PCO2 in the arterial blood constant
d- Are stimulated by decreased H+ concentration in the blood.
20- Inspiration:
a- Occurs when intra-alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure
b- Occurs when the diaphragm relaxes
c- Is accompanied by an increase in inrapleural pressure negativity
d- Occurs due to contraction of internal intercostal muscles
22- Cyanosis:
a- Can be seen in a person if his blood contains % mg reduced hemoglobin/ 100ml capillary blood.
b- Is observed in histotoxic hypoxia
c- Is seen in carbon monoxide poisoning
d- Is present in lung disease that cause defect in gas diffusion
30- Concerning the control of ventilation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a- The central chemoreceptors are located just below the ventral surface of the medulla.
b- In humans, peripheral chemoreceptors do not respond to altered pH but to altered P02 and PC02.
c- Raised PC02 stimulates the central chemoreceptors by altering CSF PH.
d- The response of peripheral chemoreceptors to falling PC02 is minimal until P02 is less 60 mmHg
Answers
1 c 5 c 9 d 13 a 17 c 21 a
2 c 6 d 10 d 14 c 18 d 22 d
3 c 7 d 11 a 15 b 19 d 23 b
4 d 8 d 12 c 16 d 20 c 24 c
25 d 26 b 27 d 28 a 29 b 30 B
31 b