ITLID601: INSTALLATION OF IP BASED DEVICES

Competence: Install and Operate IP Based Devices

Purpose statement
This core module describes the skills, knowledge and attitude required
to install and operate IP based devices. The learner will be able to
Identify type of device to install, Install CCTV camera, install printer,
operate mobile devices and maintain IP devices. He/she will be also
able to select and arrange different materials, equipment and tools used
when installing IP based devices.
LEARNING UNIT 1 - IDENTIFY TYPE OF DEVICE TO
INSTALL
Learning Outcome 1.1: Identify all required materials
1.1.1. Description of tools, materials and equipment
➢ CCTV Cable stripper
The TL-22 is a CCTV cable
stripper can be used to strip coax
cables (RG-58, RG-59, RG-62,
RG-6 3C, 4C, 5C, RG-174) as
well as flat cables (RJ-45, RJ-
11, RJ-12). In CCTV video
surveillance installations, the
most common type of cable that
this tool is used with is RG59
Siamese cable.

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➢ CCTV Cable crimping tool (for RG58,59)

The TL-70 CCTV cable

crimping can be used by security
system installers to crimp
connectors onto the following
types of coax cable: RG-58, RG-
59, RG-62, RG-6. This crimping
tool has built-in ratchet
compression to make cable
crimping easier.

➢ DVR
Digital video recorders (DVR)
and network video recorders
(NVR) are types of video
recording systems used for
security cameras.
DVR stands for Digital Video
Recorder and its function is to
store the video feed coming from
the cameras. These cameras are
analog only and use coaxial
cables (with BNC connectors).
They can be old type analog
cameras (TV lines), or the newer
version of HD over coaxial such
as HD-CVI, HD-TVI, AHD, etc.
➢

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 ➢ NVR Camera

NVR stands for Network

Video Recorder and its
function is to record the video
feed coming from the cameras.
The video gets captured by the
cameras and then is
transmitted to the NVR via
Cat5 or Cat6 cables and the
devices record the footage in
their internal hard drives.
NVR works with IP cameras,
also known as network
cameras. These cameras use
Ethernet cables with RJ45
plugs to connect to the
network or the NVR.

There are three types of network video recorders:

o Regular NVR. In this case, the cameras connect to an
external PoE switch and they communicate with the NVR
via the network. These NVRs come with an RJ45 port at the
back that allows them to connect to the local network (via
the router or switch).

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 o NVR with built-in PoE NVR (also known as PoE NVR).
The NVR has multiple PoE ports at the back when the IP
cameras can be plugged in. Instead of connecting to an
external switch, the IP cameras go straight to the NVR
which may contain 4-64 available ports.
o WiFi NVR. This is a special type that works with WiFi
cameras. Obviously, no wires are being used here between
the camera or the NVR, all the devices are connected and
communicate wirelessly.
➢ Digital multi-meter

These digital
multimeters at the same
time are used for the
monitoring of battery
voltage in the UPS
system as well as to
provide spot checks
on the complete
system during
manufacturing and
maintenance.

The face of a multimeter typically includes four components:

➢ Display: Where measurement readouts can be viewed.
➢ Buttons: For selecting various functions; the options vary by
model.

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➢ Dial (or rotary switch): For selecting primary measurement
values (volts, amps, ohms).
➢ Input jacks: Where test leads are inserted.
➢ Cable tester

A cable tester is a device

used to test the strength
and connectivity of a
particular type of cable or
other wired assemblies. A
cable tester can test
whether a cable or wire is
set up properly,
connected correctly, and
the communication
strength between the
source and destination.

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 ➢ Handheld CCTV Monitor

These small hand help or

wrist mount monitors are also
known as CCTV test
monitors. This portable
service monitor allows an
installer to mount CCTV
cameras and adjust the
field of view and focus while
staying right next to the
camera. The 2.5-inch active
matrix TFT-LCD screen
supports 480 x 234 picture
resolution.

➢ LCD service Monitor

The LCD Monitor is used to

view the menus and
camera settings, playback
captured images and
videos, and also frame your
shot (when using Live
View). Some LCD Monitors
are also Touch-Screens,
making it easier to interface
with your camera.

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1.1.2. Description of types of tools and their use Screw drivers
➢ Pliers

Pliers are made in

various shapes and
sizes and for many
uses. Some are used for
gripping something
round like a pipe or
rod, some are used for
twisting wires, and
others are designed to
be used for a
combination of tasks
including cutting wire.

➢ Hammer

Hammers are used for

general carpentry,
framing, nail pulling,
cabinet making,
assembling furniture,
upholstering, finishing,
riveting, bending or
shaping metal, striking
masonry drill and steel
chisels, and so on.
Hammers are designed
according to the intended
purpose.

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➢ Allen keys

Hex keys, commonly known

as Allen keys/wrenches in
the UK and various other
countries, are a very simple
hand tool of the general
spanner and socket family,
used for tightening and
loosening hexagonal bolts
and other compatible
fasteners.

➢ Soldering iron

Soldering irons are most

often used for installation,
repairs, and limited
production work in
electronics assembly.
High-volume production
lines use other soldering
methods.
Large irons may be used for
soldering joints in sheet
metal objects.

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 ➢ Di-soldering pump

A desoldering pump
(or solder sucker) is a
handy tool that sucks
molten solder. You can
use it to desolder
through-hole
components on a
circuit board or to
rework bad solder
joints.

1.1.3. Description of types of materials and their use Soldering tin

➢ Glue

Glue, it is that super

sticky, ever useful
bonding agent that helps
us join objects together
and repair our broken
belongings.

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➢ Silicon

Silicon is used to create silicone,

which chemically are silicon-
oxygen polymers with methyl
groups attached. Silicone oil is
typically used as a lubricant
added to create cosmetics, hair
conditioners, and shampoos.
Silicone can also be used to create
rubber for waterproof sealants
in washrooms and windows,
pipes and roofs. Because it’s a
good insulator, silicone is used to
create casings for electrical
appliances.

➢ Insulator tape

Electrical tape is a safety tape for

wires, used to cover and insulate
a broad range of cables, wires
and other materials that conduct
electricity. It's often referred to as
insulating (or thermal insulation)
tape, and its uses in workplace and
home settings are widespread.
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➢ Screws

The most common uses of

screws are to hold objects
together — such as wood —
and to position objects. Often
screws have a head on one end
of the screw that allows it to be
turned. The head is usually
larger than the body of the
screw.

➢ Universal anchors

The universal locker

floor anchor is used to
prevent lockers from
tipping over by
anchoring the front
locker legs to the floor
for safety and added
stability; compatible
with all major locker
brands.

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 ➢ Trunking

Trunking is commonly
used in very-high-
frequency (VHF) radio
and telecommunication
systems. Trunking can
also be defined as a
network that handles
multiple signals
simultaneously. The data
transmitted through
trunking can be audio,
video, controlling signals
or images.

1.1.4. Description of Connectors

➢ RJ45
RJ45 is the most recognized
and popular connector type in
the IT industry. An RJ45 cable
is fundamentally utilized to
connect devices over an
Ethernet connection. Devices
like computers, printers,
network storage devices, and
cable or DSL modems are able
to use an RJ45 connection.

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➢ BNC(Bayonet Neil Concelman)

BNC connectors are used with

miniature-to-subminiature
coaxial cable in radio,
television, and other radio-
frequency electronic
equipment. They were
commonly used for early
computer networks, including
ARCnet, the IBM PC
Network, and the 10BASE2
variant of Ethernet.

➢ Video balloon/baluns

Video baluns allow

installers to use more
cost-effective structured
cabling techniques to wire
security cameras instead
of using traditional RG59
Siamese coax cable. By
using video baluns, UTP
wire such as cat-5 can be
run over long distances
easier than coax cable and
for less money.

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Learning Outcome 1.2: Draw a draft design of the installation
1.2.1. Description of network
➢ In terms structure
A physical network structure is composed mostly of cables, switches
and workstations. In larger businesses, these networks are often
designed by a network architect and implemented by network
engineers. In smaller areas or homes, the physical network is rarely
complex enough to need an actual design.
➢ In terms device
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files,
or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network
may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites,
or infrared light beams.
Network devices are physical devices that allow hardware on a
computer network to interact and communicate with one another.

1.2.2. Description of types of network structure/topology

➢ Physical topology
Physical topology refers to the interconnected structure of a local area
network (LAN). The method employed to connect the physical devices
on the network with the cables, and the type of cabling used, all
constitute the physical topology.

Network topologies
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➢ Ring topology

A ring topology is a network

configuration where device
connections create a circular data
path. Each networked device is
connected to two others, like
points on a circle. Together,
devices in a ring topology are
called a ring network.
In a ring network, packets of data
travel from one device to the next
until they reach their destination.

➢ Mesh topology

A mesh topology is a network

setup where each computer and
network device is interconnected
with one another. This topology
setup allows for most
transmissions to be distributed
even if one of the connections
goes down. It is a topology
commonly used for wireless
networks.

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➢ Bus topology
Alternatively called line
topology, bus topology is a
network setup where each
computer and network device is
connected to a single cable or
backbone. Depending on the
type of computer network card, a
coaxial cable or an RJ-45
network cable is used to connect
them together.

➢ Star topology

Alternatively called a star

network, star topology is one of
the most common network
setups. Every node connects to a
central network device in this
configuration, like a hub, switch,
or computer. The central
network device acts as a server,
and the peripheral devices act as
clients. In a star topology setup,
either a coaxial or RJ-45 network
cable is used, depending on each
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computer's type of network card.
 ➢ Physical topology
A logical topology is a concept in networking that defines the
architecture of the communication mechanism for all nodes in a
network. Using network equipment such as routers and switches,
the logical topology of a network can be dynamically maintained
and reconfigured.
➢ IP address classes
There are two versions of IP addresses, IPv4 and IPv6. In IPv4, there
are 4,294,967,296 IP addresses. These addresses are organized into
five IP classes. These classes are A, B, C, D, and F.
IP addresses structure
An IP address consists of 32 bits. These bits are divided into four
sections. Sections are separated by a dot (.). Each section contains 8
bits. 8 bits are equal to 1 byte or 1 octet. The following image shows
how bits are organized in an IP address.

By using 32 bits with two possible values for each position, the binary
system can create 4,294,967,296 (232) unique combinations or IP
addresses.

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These addresses can be used without any addressing scheme or with an
addressing scheme that arranges them in such a way that it becomes
easier to access them.
If addresses are used without any addressing scheme, all routers on the
network will need to store the address of each and every interface on
the network. Depending on the size of the network, this may affect
routing. If the network size is small, it can make routing slow. If the
network size is moderate, it can make routing very slow. If the network
size is large, it can make routing completely impossible.
For efficient routing, addresses are organized into the hierarchical
addressing scheme. In this scheme, all addresses are divided into five
classes and each address is divided into two addresses: the network
address and the host address.
IP address classes
Based on the following rules, IP addresses are categorized into five
classes; A, B, C, D, and E.

➢ In class A, the first bit of the first byte always remains OFF (0).
➢ In class B, the first bit of the first byte always remains ON and
the second bit of the first byte always remains OFF.
➢ In class C, the first two bits of the first byte always
remain ON and the third bit of the first byte always
remains OFF.

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 ➢ In class D, the first three bits of the first byte always
remain ON and the fourth bit of the first byte always
remains OFF.
➢ In class E, the first four bits of the first byte always remain ON.

By turning all remaining bits of the first byte ON and OFF, we can
make the first and last address of that class.

The following table lists the value of the first byte or octet in both
notations.

The length of network addresses and host addresses in IP addresses are

different in all IP classes.
In class A, the first bits are reserved for the network address. The
remaining 24 bits are available for the host address.

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In class B, the first 16 bits are reserved for the network address while
the last 16 bits are available for the host address.
In class C, the first 24 bits are reserved for the network address while
the last 8 bits available for the host address.
The following image shows how bits are defined for network addresses
and host addresses in each IP class.

Class D and E are not used for the host addressing. Class D addresses
are used for multicast addresses. Class E addresses are reserved for
research and development purposes.
Identifying the class of an IP address (decimal notation)
If an IP address is written in the decimal notation, check the value of
the first section or octet and use the following rules to identify the class
of the IP address.

➢ If the value is in the range 1 to 127, the address belongs to

class A.
➢ If the value is in the range 128 to 191, the address belongs to
class B.

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 ➢ If the value is in the range 192 to 223, the address belongs to
class C.
➢ If the value is in the range 224 to 239, the address belongs to
class D.
➢ If the value is in the range 240 to 255, the address belongs to
class E.
Identifying the class of an IP address (binary notation)
If an IP address is written in the binary notation, you can use the
following rules to identify the class of the IP address.

➢ If the first bit is OFF, the address belongs to class A.

➢ If the first bit is ON and the second bit is OFF, the address
belongs to class B.
➢ If the first two bits are ON and the third bit is OFF, the address
belongs to class C.
➢ If the first three bits are ON and the fourth bit is OFF, the
address belongs to class D.
➢ If the first four bits are ON, the address belongs to class E.

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1.2.3. Description of commonly used network devices
Network devices are physical devices that allow hardware on a
computer network to interact and communicate with one another.

➢ Switch

Switches are networking devices operating at layer 2 or a data

link layer of the OSI model. They connect devices in a network
and use packet switching to send, receive or forward data packets
or data frames over the network.

A switch has many ports, to which computers are plugged in.

When a data frame arrives at any port of a network switch, it
examines the destination address, performs necessary checks and
sends the frame to the corresponding device(s).It supports
unicast, multicast as well as broadcast communications.

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➢ Access point

An access point is a device that creates a wireless local area

network, or WLAN, usually in an office or large building. An
access point connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an
Ethernet cable, and projects a WiFi signal to a designated area.
For example, if you want to enable WiFi access in your
company's reception area but don’t have a router within range,
you can install an access point near the front desk and run an
Ethernet cable through the ceiling back to the server room.

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Learning Outcome 1.3: Check the functionalities status of the
devices
1.3.1. Description of types of equipment
➢ iDVR
➢ NVR
➢ Camera
➢ UPS
➢ Digital multi-meter
➢ Cable tester
➢ Handheld CCTV Monitor
➢ LCD service Monitor
➢ IP Camera tester
➢ PPE
➢ Printer
➢ Mobile devices

1.3.2. Description of types of network media

Network media is the actual path over which an electrical signal
travels as it moves from one component to another.

➢ Wireless media
Wireless communication is also referred to as Unguided Media
or Unbounded transmission media. In this mode, no physical
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic
signals.

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 ➢ Infrared
Infrared (IR) is a wireless transmission medium that sends signals
using infrared light waves. Infrared is used for short-range
communication like TV remotes, mobile phones, personal
computers etc. In science, the Infrared is part of a spectrum that
is not visible to the human eye. The limitation of infrared rays is
that they cannot penetrate any obstacles and can only use for
short-range. Also, Infrared is used in night vision cameras as it
has thermal properties. The frequency range of infrared rays
300GHz – 400THz
➢ Broadcast Radio
Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that
distributes radio signals through the air over long distances
such as between cities, regions, and countries and short
distances such as within an office or home. Bluetooth,
UWB, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX communications technologies
discussed earlier in this chapter use broadcast radio signals.
➢ Cellular Radio
Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is used
widely for mobile communications, specifically wireless
modems and cell phones. A cell phone is a telephone device
that uses high-frequency radio waves to transmit voice and
digital data messages.

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 Some mobile users connect their notebook computer or
other mobile computer to a cell phone to access the Web,
send and receive e-mail, enter a chat room, or connect to an
office or school network while away from a standard
telephone line. Read Looking Ahead 8-2 for a look at the
next generation of cellular communications.
➢ Microwaves
Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high-speed
signal transmission. Microwave transmission, often called
fixed wireless, involves sending signals from one
microwave station to another. Microwaves can transmit
data at rates up to 4,500 times faster than a dial-up modem.
➢ Communications Satellite
A communications satellite is a space station that receives
microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies
(strengthens) the signals, and broadcasts the signals back
over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations.

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 ➢ Wired media (Ethernet cable, fibers)

Fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable and coaxial cable are three
major types of network cables used in communication systems. Each
of them is different and suitable for different applications.
➢ Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cable, also called as optical fiber cable, is a type of Ethernet
cable which consists of one or more optic fibers that are used to
transmit data.
Fiber optic cable transmits data as pulses of light go through tiny tubes
of glass. The transmission capacity of optical fiber cable is 26,000
times higher than that of twisted pair cable.
Types of Fiber Optics:
➢ SMF (Single-mode fiber)- it uses one single ray of light to
transmit data, it is used for long-distance transmission.
➢ MMF (Multi-mode Fiber)- it uses multiple light rays to transmit
data, it is comparatively less expensive.

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 ➢ Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted pair cable is often used for telephone communications and
most modern Ethernet networks. It is a kind of wiring in which two
conductors of a single circuit are twisted together. A pair of wires forms
a circuit that can transmit data. And the pairs are twisted together to
provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent
pairs.

There are two types of twisted pair Ethernet cable: unshielded

twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). The commonly
used UTP copper cable is Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a and Cat7. The STP
copper cable has a foil-wrapped outside on each pair of wires. The four
pairs of wires then are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil,
usually 150-ohm cable. STP cable has a better capacity of resisting
noise than UTP cable, even if both of them can be used in 10GBASE-
T
➢ Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable, or coax cable, is designed to transmit high-frequency
signals.

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It’s comprised of a round copper conductor and three layers of
insulation and shielding which prevents crosstalk from motors, lighting
and other sources of EMI. With the shield construction, the coaxial
cable can support longer cable lengths between two devices.

Speed, Bandwidth & Distance

Coaxial cable and twisted pair cable are copper or copper-based wire
surrounded by insulation with other materials. Both of them can
transmit television, telephone and data with electrical signals. While
fiber optic cable can deliver the same types of signals with much wider
bandwidth, faster speed and higher frequencies. It’s made of very thin,
pliable tubes of glass or plastic.

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1.3.3. Description of types of network cables
➢ Fiber optics
Fiber optic cable, also called as optical fiber cable, is a type of Ethernet
cable which consists of one or more optic fibers that are used to
transmit data.
Fiber optic cable transmits data as pulses of light go through tiny tubes
of glass. The transmission capacity of optical fiber cable is 26,000
times higher than that of twisted pair cable.
Types of Fiber Optics:
➢ SMF (Single-mode fiber)- it uses one single ray of light to
transmit data, it is used for long-distance transmission. They have
small cores (about 3.5 x 10-4 inches or 9 microns in diameter)
and transmit infrared laser light (wavelength = 1,300 to 1,550
nanometers or nm).

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 ➢ MMF (Multi-mode Fiber)- it uses multiple light rays to transmit
data, it is comparatively less expensive. They have larger cores
(about 2.5 x 10-3 inches or 62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit
infrared light (wavelength = 850 to 1,300 nm) from light-
emitting diodes (LEDs).

➢ Twisted pair
Twisted Pair Cable: Twisted pair is a copper wire cable in which two
insulated copper wires are twisted around each other to reduce
interference or crosstalk. It uses 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, and some
other newer ethernet variants. It uses RJ-45 connectors.
Types of twisted pair cable:
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable: In STP the wires are
covered by a copper braid covering or a foil shield, this foil
shield adds a layer that protects it against interference leaking
into and out of the cable. Hence, they are used for longer
distances and higher transmission rates.

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 • Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable: Unshielded twisted
pair cable is one of the most commonly used cables in
computer networks at present time. UTP consists of two
insulated copper wires twisted around one another, the
twisting of wires helps in controlling interference.
Categories of UTP Cables:

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Learning Outcome 1.4: Prepare the working environment

➢ Arrangement of techniques of tools, materials and equipment in

the workplace
Arrangement by type
Arrangement by manufacturer instruction
➢ Setting up of workplace trespassing signs/ notice
➢ Ensurance of the brightness and Lighting

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https://securitycamcenter.com/dvr-vs-nvr-which-is-better/
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network
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-ethernet-cable/

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