General Chemistry 1

STEM 12-Archimedes, Curie, Faraday, Newton, Rutherford

Calculating the Amount of Reactants and

Products in a Chemical Reaction

Compiled by: Engr. Leo Jerich Morrondoz

For academic purposes only. Not for distribution
In a production facility, the amount of product produced
can only be as many as how much the starting material
allows.

2
In cooking, you can
only make as much
as food as the
amount of your
ingredients.

3
 Similarly, the amounts of products of a
chemical reaction are defined by the
amounts of the reactants involved in the
process.

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 In this lesson, you will be calculating how
much products can be formed from a certain
amount of reactants and how much
reactants are needed to make a certain
amount of products.

5
How do we predict how
much of a product can be
made from a certain
amount of reactant?

6
 Stoichiometry

● The word stoichiometry is derived from the Greek

terms stoicheion meaning element and metron
meaning to measure.

● Stoichiometry refers to the determination of all

quantitative relationships involved in a chemical
reaction.

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 Stoichiometric Factor

● The relationship between two chemical species in a

given chemical reaction is described by the
stoichiometric factors or molar ratios.

● Mathematically, they can be expressed as ratios or

fractions.

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 Stoichiometric Factor

Consider the reaction describing the oxidation of iron

below:

● 4 mol Fe : 2 mol Fe2O3

● 3 mol O2 : 2 mol Fe2O3
● 4 mol Fe : 3 mol O2
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Calculating the Products Formed

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Consider the combustion of methane (CH4) below:

How many moles of CO2 will be formed from 2.00

moles of CH4?

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Consider the combustion of methane (CH4) below:

How many moles of CO2 will be formed from 2.00

moles of CH4?

2.00 moles of CH4 would form 2.00 moles of CO2.

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Calculate the moles of H2O formed
when 1.00 mole of butane (C4H10)
undergoes combustion. Use the
chemical reaction below as a guide:

2C4H10 (l) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O

(g)

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Consider the formation of H2O using H2 and O2 shown
below:

Calculate the moles of H2O formed from 3.00 moles

of O2.

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Consider the formation of H2O using H2 and O2 shown
below:

Calculate the moles of H2O formed from 3.00 moles

of O2.

6.00 moles of H2O would be produced from 3.00 moles

of O2.

15
Calculate the moles of silver (Ag) produced
if 1.50 moles of copper (Cu) were to
undergo a reaction shown below:

Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq) → Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

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For the reaction below:

How many moles of PbCl2 will be formed from 45.00

grams of NaCl?

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For the reaction below:

How many moles of PbCl2 will be formed from 45.00

grams of NaCl?

The amount of PbCl2 formed is 0.3850 moles.

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Given the equation below:

C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (g)

How many moles of CO2 will be formed

using 300.0 grams of C6H12O6?

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Why do you need to use units in
terms of moles instead of
masses when constructing
stoichiometric ratios?

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Calculating the Reactants Required

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How many moles of Cu(NO3)2 are required to form
5.00 moles of Cu(OH)2 following the equation below?

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How many moles of Cu(NO3)2 are required to form
5.00 moles of Cu(OH)2 following the equation below?

The amount of Cu(NO3)2 required are therefore 5.00

moles.

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Determine the number of moles of CO2
required to form 2.50 moles of C
(carbon) governed by the chemical
equation below:

2Mg (s) + CO2 (s) → C (s) + 2MgO (s)

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Calculate the amount of moles of Ba(NO3)2 needed to
form 3.50 moles of Ba3(PO4)2 following the chemical
equation below:

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Calculate the amount of moles of Ba(NO3)2 needed to
form 3.50 moles of Ba3(PO4)2 following the chemical
equation below:

Therefore, 10.5 moles of Ba(NO3)2 are required to form

3.50 moles of Ba3(PO4)2.

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Given the reaction below:

P4 (s) + Cl2 (g) → PCl3 (l)

Calculate how many moles of PCl3 will

be formed from 0.75 moles of P4.

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Given the chemical equation below:

How many moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) are

required to form 5.00 grams of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

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Given the chemical equation below:

How many moles of acetic acid (CH3COOH) are

required to form 5.00 grams of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

The amount of CH3COOH formed is 0.3850 moles.

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Given the equation below:

Mg(OH)2 (s) + H3PO4 (aq) →

H2O (l) + Mg3(PO4)2 (s)

How many moles of H3PO4 is needed to

react with 3.00 grams of Mg3(PO4)2 ?

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Always check if the chemical
equation is balanced. When
constructing stoichiometric factors,
the numerator of the unknown
should always be in the numerator.

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Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write
false.

1. The molar mass of a compound is essential in solving

stoichiometry problems involving masses.
2. It is not necessary to convert grams to moles when
determining amounts of products or reactants.
3. When determining the amount of product formed in a
reaction, the numerator of the stoichiometric factor
should be that of the reactant.
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Refer to the chemical equation below. Balance the
equation when necessary.

1. Calculate the moles of Ag2S produced from 1.25 moles of

AgNO3.

1. Calculate the moles of H2S required to form 2.75 moles of

HNO3.
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Refer to the chemical equation below. Balance the
equation when necessary.

3. Calculate the moles of AgNO3 required to form 3.33

moles of Ag2S.

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● Stoichiometric calculations show the molar
relationship between reactants and products.

● Stoichiometric factors will allow you to compute

products from reactants and vice-versa.

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● The following diagram shows the summary of
steps needed to solve the problems discussed in
this lesson.

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Why is it possible to determine how
much of another reactant will be
consumed if the amount of another
reactant is given?

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