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PRACTICA 2

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21 views

PRACTICA 2

Uploaded by

Angel Gl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

SYSTEM DYNAMICS

Lab Report 2: Modeling the Charging and Discharging of an RLC Circuit

Team 2:

● Alonso Pérez Fátima Alexandra


● Gallardo López Miguel Ángel
● Gómez Pérez Diego Alberto
● Martínez López Alejandro

Teacher:

Dr. José Manuel Sandoval Cancino


Saturday, November 16, 2024

1. Introduction

The dynamic behavior of a control system is typically described through its transfer
function, which is a mathematical model that relates the input of the system to its
output in the Laplace domain. The transfer function is expressed as a ratio of
polynomials, where the numerator and denominator represent the characteristics of
the system related to the input and its internal dynamics, respectively.

First-order system: The transfer function of a first-order system is characterized by


having a first-degree denominator, which means that the system has only one pole.
This type of system exhibits a response that depends mainly on the location of this
pole, influencing the speed and stability of the response.

Second-order system: For second-order systems, the transfer function has a


second-degree denominator, resulting in two poles. Second-order systems are more
complex in terms of their behavior, since they can show phenomena such as
overdrive, oscillations or damping, depending on the characteristics of the poles.

The system's response to an input can be divided into two main components:

1.Transient response: Represents the behavior of the system as it moves from an


initial state to a final state. During this period, the output of the system may exhibit
oscillations, overshoot or gradual convergence to the final value, depending on the
characteristics of the system.

2.Steady-state response: This is the response of the system when time tends to
infinite, once the transient response has been extinguished. In this regime, the
output of the system reaches a constant or equilibrium value that corresponds to the
applied input, assuming a linear system under ideal conditions.

This study is essential to understand how a system responds to different types of


inputs, allowing the design and tuning of more efficient and stable control systems.
[1]

2. Objective

2.1. General

Understand the dynamic behavior of linear systems based on their key parameters,
such as time constant, natural frequency, and damping factor, and how these affect
the temporal response of the system to different types of inputs.

2.2. Specific

● Identify and deduce the transfer function of a series or parallel RLC circuit,
from its physical components.
● Evaluate the impact of circuit parameters (R, L, C) on pole location and
system response (under-damped, critically damped, or over-damped).

● Analyze the transient response and steady-state response of the RLC circuit
to a step or impulse input.

● Relate the oscillatory behavior, the overdrive, and the time of establishment of
the circuit with its classification as a second-order system.

3. Description of the experiment.

In this practice, the dynamic behavior of a linear system will be analyzed


through the implementation and study of an RLC circuit (Figure 1), which represents
a second-order system.

Figure 1. RLC circuit.

As soon as the components are connected to the voltage source, it will be observed
how key system parameters, such as resistance (R), inductance (L) and capacitance
(C) (Figure 2), affect the temporal response of the circuit to different inputs (step and
impulse) (Figure 3).

Figure 2. RLC circuit in protoboard.

Figure 3. Graphic.
Both the transient response, including phenomena such as oscillations, overshoot
and establishment time, and the steady-state response will be studied. Through
experimental measurements using an oscilloscope and computational simulations
with tools (Octave), the physical characteristics of the circuit will be related to its
transfer function in the Laplace domain, identifying how factors such as natural
frequency and damping factor influence the behavior of the system.

4. Materials and methods

4.1. Materials

A list of the materials used, including measuring equipment...

4.2. Methodology

𝐿𝑉𝐾
𝑉𝑖(𝑡)=𝑉𝑅+𝑉𝐿+𝑉𝐶
𝑉𝑖(𝑡)=𝑖(𝑡)𝑅+1/𝐶 ∫𝑖(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖(𝑡) / 𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑜(𝑡)= 1/𝐶∫𝑖(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑖(𝑆)=𝑖(𝑆)𝑅+1/𝐶𝑆𝑖(𝑆)+𝐿𝑆𝑖(𝑆)=𝑖(𝑆)(𝑅+1/𝐶𝑆+𝐿𝑆)
𝑉𝑜(𝑆)=1/𝐶𝑆𝑖(𝑆)
𝑖(𝑆)=𝑉𝑖(𝑠) (1 / (𝑅+1/𝐶𝑆+𝐿𝑆))

Vi(s) i(s)

𝑉𝑜(𝑆)=1/𝐶𝑆 𝑖(𝑆)
1/(𝑅+1/𝐶𝑆+𝐿𝑆)

i(s)
1/𝐶𝑆 V0(s)

Join the two block diagrams

We simplify

1/(𝑅+1𝐶𝑆+𝐿𝑆) ∗
Vi(s) V0(s)

1/𝐶𝑆

Vi(s) 1/(𝑆𝑅𝐶+𝑆^2𝐿𝐶+1) V0(s)


Go to signal flow diagram

Vi(s) V0(s)
1/(𝑆^2𝐿𝐶+𝑅𝑆𝐶+1)

𝐺(𝑆)=1/(𝑆^2𝐿𝐶+𝑅𝑆𝐶+1)
where the transfer function is direct

We multiply it by (1/𝐿𝐶) /(1/𝐿𝐶) 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝜆


𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔
𝐺(𝑆)=(1/𝐿𝐶) /((𝑆^2𝐿𝐶+𝑅𝑆𝐶+1)1/𝐿𝐶) =(1/𝐿𝐶)/(𝑆^2+𝑆𝑅/𝐿+1/𝐿𝐶)
when 𝑅=9.23K𝛺, 𝐶=1200𝑢𝐹, 𝑙=400𝑢𝐻 𝑠𝑜.
𝐺(𝑆)=1/ ((400x10^-6) (1200𝑥10^−6)) / (𝑆^2+𝑆(9.23x10^3/400x10^-6) +1/((400x10^-6)
(1200x10^−6)) =
=2083333.333 / (s^2 + 23075000s + 2083333.333)

𝜆=23075000 / 2(1443.3756) = 7993.4148


ωn=√2083333.333 = 1443.3756

𝑇𝑝=𝜋/ ((1443.3756) (√1−(7993.4148) ^2) = o

𝑇𝑠=4/ ((7993.4148) (1443.3756)) =34.669 𝑚𝑆𝑒𝑔


%0𝑠=𝑒−(((7993.4148) (π)) / (√1-(7993.4148) ^2)) = 0

Step-by-step description of the methodology followed during the experiment. Use


high-quality schematics and images (captions, numbers, labels, etc. should be
clearly visible, avoid screenshots as much as possible) ALL figures should be
numbered and have a footer (figure title).

6. Results.

Report the results obtained during the experiment. All mathematical development
must be written using an equation editor, notebook or handwritten images are not
allowed. Include simulation charts and oscilloscope waveforms, all of which are
carefully described in the main text.

7. Discussion and conclusions.

Conclusion of the experiment report. Consider the following questions: Did you
achieve the goal? How can you tell? What phenomenon(s) were observed? Did you
encounter challenges while doing the experiment? How did you overcome those
challenges?

6. References.

[1] Gaviño H. Ricardo. Introducción a los sistemas de control: conceptos,


aplicaciones y simulación con MATLAB. Primera edición, México 2010.

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