SASO 2012

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN

PUBLIC BUILDINGS
 EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN
PUBLIC BUILDINGS

ICS:

Date of SASO Board of Directors’ Approval : 1423(H)-04-22 (2002-07-03)

Date of Publication in the Official Gazette : 1423(H)-07-20 (2002-09-27)
Date of Enforcement of this Standard : 1424(H)-07-20 (2003-10-14)
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

CONTENTS

Page
Section 1: Emergency Lighting
Introduction 3
...............................…...............................................................
1.1 Scope ...............................…........................................................... 4
1.2 Definitions ...........................…....................................................... 4
1.3 Emergency escape lighting 5
.....…....................................................
1.3.1 General .....................................….................................................. 5
1.3.2 Escape route lighting .................…................................................ 6
1.3.3 Open area (anti-panic) lighting ....….............................................. 8
1.3.4 High risk task area lighting .............…........................................... 8
1.3.5 Stand-by lighting .................................…....................................... 9
1.4 Safety signs .......................................…......................................... 9
Annex A
Luminance and illuminance measurements 10
……………………………........

Section 2: Emergency Escape Lighting Systems

2.1 Scope ...................................…...................................................... 11
2.2 Definitions ..............................….................................................... 11
2.3 Emergency escape lighting 12
........….................................................
2.4 Emergency escape lighting design ................................................. 13
2.5 Choice of appropriate emergency lighting system ........................ 16
2.6 Emergency escape lighting system records and log book 17
..............
2.7 Servicing and testing ...........................…....................................... 18

Annex A 20
Emergency lighting design guide
....................................................................
Annex B 22
Emergency lighting application classes

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

...........................................................

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Page
Section 3: Automatic Test Systems for Battery Powered
Emergency Escape Lighting
3.1 Scope ..................................…........................................................ 25
3.2 Definitions ..............................….................................................... 25
3.3 Requirements .............................…................................................ 25
3.4 Test duration and frequency ........…............................................... 27
3.5 Marking .........................................…............................................. 27
3.6 Protection of a building during recharge of batteries 27
.....................
3.7 Indication of results of test ...............….......................................... 28

Section 4: Central Power Supply Systems

4.1 Scope ......................................…................................................... 29
4.2 Definitions .................................…................................................. 29
4.3 Types of central power supply systems 31
.….....................................
4.4 Operating conditions and requirements ......................................... 34
4.5 Components and their ratings ....................................................... 35
4.6 Information for installation and operation of central power
supply systems 43
.......................................................…................................

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN

PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Section 1: Emergency Lighting

1.0 Introduction

Emergency lighting is provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting
fails and has therefore to be powered from a source independent of that
supplying the normal lighting.

For the purpose of this standard emergency lighting is regarded as a generic

term of which there are a number of specific forms, as shown in figure 1.1.

Emergency lighting

Emergency escape Standby lighting

lighting

Escape route lighting Open area lighting High risk task area
lighting

Figure 1.1: Specific forms of emergency lighting

The requirements given in this standard are a minimum for design purposes
and are calculated for the full rated duration period and end of design life of
the equipment; the contribution to illumination by reflected light is ignored.
The overall objective of emergency escape lighting is to enable safe exit from a
location in the event of failure of the normal supply.
The objective of escape route lighting is to enable the safe exit from a location
for occupants by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding
on escape routes and in special locations, and to ensure that fire fighting and
safety equipment can be readily located and used.

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The objective of open area (anti-panic) lighting is to reduce the likelihood of

panic and to enable safe movement of occupants towards escape routes by
providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding. The flow of
light for escape route and open area lighting shall be downward emanating
from a plane at least 2 m above the floor.
The objective of high risk task area lighting is to contribute to the safety of
people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable
proper shut down procedures to be carried out for the safety of other occupants
of the location.
There are emerging techniques that when applied to escape routes in addition
to conventional emergency lighting luminaires can enhance their effectiveness
in an emergency. These techniques are not included in this standard.
Vision varies from person to person, both by the amount of light required to
perceive an object clearly and in the time taken to adapt to changes in the
illuminance. In general, older people need more light and take a longer time to
adapt to low luminance on a hazard or escape route.
Much anxiety and confusion can be alleviated by strategically placed signs
indicating the way out of a location. It is very important that exits are clearly
signposted and are visible, whenever the location is occupied.
1.1 Scope
This section specifies the luminous requirements for emergency lighting
systems installed in premises or locations where such systems are required. It
is principally applicable to locations where the public or workers have access.
1.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply:
1.2.1 emergency lighting:
Lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal lighting fails.
1.2.2 escape route:
A route designated for escape in the event of an emergency.
1.2.3 emergency escape lighting:
That part of emergency lighting that provides illumination for the safety of
people leaving a location or attempting to terminate a potentially dangerous
process before doing so.
1.2.4 escape route lighting:
That part of emergency escape lighting provided to ensure that the means of
escape can be effectively identified and safely used when the location is
occupied.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

1.2.5 open area lighting (in some countries known as anti-panic lighting):
That part of emergency escape lighting provided to avoid panic and provide
illumination allowing people to reach a place where an escape route can be
identified.
1.2.6 high risk task area lighting:
That part of emergency escape lighting that provides illumination for the safety
of people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable
proper shut down procedures for the safety of the operator and other occupants
of the premises.
1.2.7 stand-by lighting:
That part of emergency lighting provided to enable normal activities to
continue substantially unchanged.
1.2.8 emergency exit:
A way out that is intended to be used during an emergency.
1.2.9 safety sign:
A sign which gives a general safety message, obtained by a combination of
colour and geometric shape and which, by the addition of a graphic symbol of
text, gives a particular safety message.
1.2.10 externally illuminated safety sign:
A sign that is illuminated when it is required, by an external source.
1.2.11 internally illuminated safety sign:
A sign that is illuminated when it is required, by an internal source.
1.3 Emergency escape lighting
1.3.1 General
To satisfy the visibility for evacuation purposes lighting is required in the
volume of the space. In this standard the recommendation is fulfilled by the
mounting of luminaires at least 2 m above the floor. Signs which are provided
at all exits intended to be used in an emergency and along escape routes shall
be illuminated to indicate unambiguously the route of escape to a point of
safety..
Where direct sight of an emergency exit is not possible, an illuminated
directional signs (or series of signs) shall be provided to assist progression
towards the emergency exit.
An escape lighting shall be sited to provide appropriate illuminance near each
exit door and at positions where it is necessary to emphasize potential danger
or safety equipment. The position to be emphasized shall include the
following:

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

a) at each exit door intended to be used in an emergency;

b) near (see note) stairs so that each flight of stairs receives direct light;
c) near (see note) any other change in level;
d) mandatory emergency exits and safety signs;
e) at each change of direction;
f) at each intersection of corridors;
g) outside and near to each final exit;
h) near (see note) each first aid post;
i) near (see note) each piece of fire fighting equipment and call point.
Positions denoted as h) or i) if not on the escape route nor in an open area shall
be illuminated to 5 1x minimum on the floor..
NOTE - For the purposes of this clause ‘near’ is normally considered to be within 2 m
measured horizontally.
1.3.2 Escape route lighting
1.3.2.1 For escape routes up to 2 m in width, the horizontal illuminances on the floor
along the centre line of an escape route shall be not less than 1 lux and the
central band consisting of not less than half of the width of the route shall be
illuminated to a minimum of 50% of that value.
NOTE 1 - Wider escape routes can be treated as a number of 2 m wide strips or be provided
with open area (anti-panic) lighting.
1.3.2.2 The ratio of the maximum to the minimum illuminance shall not be greater
than 40:1 along the centre line of the escape route.
1.3.2.3 Disability glare shall be kept low by limiting the luminous intensity of the
luminaires within the field of view.
For level horizontal escape routes the luminous intensity of the luminaires shall
not exceed the values in table 1 within the zone 60o to 90o from the downward
vertical at all angles of azimuth (see figure 1.2).
For other escape route, the values shall not increase at all angles (figure 1.3).

Figure 1.2

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Figure 1.3

NOTE - High contrast between a luminaire and its background may produce glare. In escape
route lighting the main problem will be disability glare, in which the brightness of the
luminaires may dazzle and prevent obstructions or signs being seen.
Table 1: Disability glare limits

Mounting height above Escape route and open High risk task area lighting
floor level h area (anti-panic) lighting maximum luminous
maximum luminous intensity lmax
intensity lmax
m cd cd
h < 2.5 500 1000
2.5 ≤ h < 3.0 900 1800
3.0 ≤ h < 3.5 1600 3200
3.5 ≤ h < 4.0 2500 5000
4.0 ≤ h < 4.5 3500 7000
h ≥ 4.5 5000 10000

1.3.2.4 In order to identify safety colours the minimum value for the colour rendering
index Ra from a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially
subtract from this.
1.3.2.5 The minimum duration of the illumination of the emergency escape lighting
allowed for escape purposes shall be 1 h.
1.3.2.6 The emergency escape route lighting shall reach 50% of the required
illuminance level within 5 s and full required illuminance within 60 s.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Compliance with clauses 1.4.2.1 to 1.4.2.4 and 1.4.2.6 can be checked by

measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier.
1.3.3 Open area (anti-panic) lighting
1.3.3.1 The horizontal illuminance shall be not less than 0.5 lux at the floor level of the
empty core area which excludes a border of 0.5 m of the perimeter of the area.
1.3.3.2 The ratio of the maximum to the minimum anti-panic area lighting illuminance
shall not be greater than 40:1.
1.3.3.3 Disability glare shall be kept low by limiting the luminous intensity of the
luminaires within the field of view. These shall not exceed the values in Table
1 within the zone 60o to 90o from the downward vertical at all angles of
azimuth (see figure 1.2).
1.3.3.4 In order to identify safety colours, the minimum value for the colour rendering
index Ra from a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially
subtract from this.
1.3.3.5 The minimum duration allowed for escape purposes shall be 1 h.
1.3.3.6 The anti-panic area lighting shall reach 50% of the required illuminance within
5 s and full required illuminance within 60 s.
Compliance with clauses 2.3.1 to 2.3.4 and 2.3.6 can be checked by
measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier.
1.3.4 High risk task area lighting
1.3.4.1 In areas of high risk the maintained illuminance on the reference plane shall be
not less than 10% of the required maintained illuminance for that task, however
it shall be not less than 15 lux. It shall be free of harmful stroboscopic effects.
1.3.4.2 The uniformity of the high risk task area lighting illuminance shall be not less
than 0.1.
1.3.4.3 Disability glare shall be kept low by limiting the luminous intensity of the
luminaires within the field of view. These shall not exceed the values in Table
1 within the zone 60o to 90o from the downward vertical at all angles of
azimuth.
1.3.4.4 In order to identify safety colours, the minimum value for the colour rendering
index Ra of a lamp shall be 40. The luminaire shall not substantially subtract
from this.
1.3.4.5 The minimum duration shall be the period for which the risk exists to people.
1.3.4.6 High risk task area lighting shall be the full required illuminance permanently
or within 0.5 s depending upon application.
Compliance with clauses 1.3.4.1 to 1.3.4.4 and 1.3.4.6 can be checked by
measurement or by comparison with authenticated data from a supplier..

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

1.3.5 Stand-by lighting

When stand-by lighting is used for emergency escape lighting purposes it shall
comply with the relevant requirements of this standard..
Where a stand-by lighting level lower than the minimum normal lighting is
employed, the lighting is to be used only to shut down or terminate processes.
1.4 Safety signs
Safety signs for emergency escape and first aid signs shall meet the following
requirements:
1.4.1 Safety signs shall be illuminated to at least 50% of the required luminance
within 5 s and full required luminance within 60 s.
1.4.2 The luminance of any area of safety colour of the sign shall be at least 2 cd/m2
in all relevant viewing directions (see annex A).
1.4.3 The ratio of the maximum to the minimum luminance within either white or
the safety colour shall be not greater than 10:1.
NOTE - High variation of adjacent points should be avoided.
1.4.4 The ratio of the luminance Lwhite to the luminance Lcolour shall be not less than
5:1 and not greater than 15:1 (see annex A).
1.4.5 As an internally illuminated sign is discernible at a greater distance than an
externally illuminated sign of the same size the maximum viewing distance
(see figure 2.4) shall be determined by use of the following equation:
d = s * p (1)
where:
d is the viewing distance;
p is the height of the pictogram;
s is a constant: 100 for externally illuminated signs: 200 for internally
illuminated signs.

Figure 1.4: Viewing Distance

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Annex A
(normative)

Luminance and illuminance measurements

1.A.1 Luminance measurements of signs

Luminances are measured normal to the surface over a 10 mm diameter patch
for each coloured surface of the sign. The minimum and maximum luminance
is measured over the areas of each colour. For the coloured background a 10
mm wide outer border is excluded from the measurements. In order to
determine the luminance ratio between two adjacent colours the luminance
measurement should be taken at a distance of 15 mm on either side of the
junction of the two colours. A search shall be made for the maximum and
minimum ratios. If the area of colour is less than 30 mm the patch size shall be
reduced.
For safety signs with a shortest side less than 100 mm the diameter of the patch
size and the width of the excluded border shall be reduced to not less than 10%
of that shortest side.
1.A.2 Instrumentation for site measurement
All illuminance measurements shall be made with a cosine photopic - corrected
meter and all luminance measurements shall be made with a photopic -
corrected meter.
The meter shall have an error tolerance not exceeding 10%.
The measurement may be taken up to 20 mm height above the floor.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Section 2: Emergency Escape Lighting Systems

2.1 Scope
This section specifies the indication and illumination requirements of escape
routes in the event of failure of the normal supply, and specifies the minimum
provision of such emergency lighting based on the size, type and usage of the
premises.
This section relates to the provision of electric emergency escape lighting in all
work places and premises open to the public.
This section does not cover private domestic premises but its provisions may
be applicable to common access routes within multistorey dwellings.
This section is also applicable to standby lighting used as emergency escape
lighting.
2.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this section the following definitions apply.
2.2.1 Combined emergency luminaire:
An emergency lighting luminaire containing at least two lamps, at least one of
which is energized from the emergency lighting supply and the other from
normal lighting supply. A combined emergency luminaire is either maintained
or non-maintained.
2.2.2 Duration:
The period of time that the luminaire can continuously provide the minimum
illuminance required in the emergency condition.
NOTE: The time is specified in hours.
2.2.3 Externally illuminated safety signs:
A sign which is illuminated, when it is required, by an external source.
2.2.4 Internally illuminated signs:
A sign which is illuminated, when it is required, by an internal source.
2.2.5 Emergency escape route lighting:
That part of Emergency Escape Lighting which is provided to ensure that the
means of escape can be effectively identified and safely used at all times when
normal or emergency lighting is required.

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2.2.6 Escape route:

A route forming part of the means of escape from a point in a building to a
final exit.
2.2.7 Emergency exit:
A way out which is intended to be used during an emergency.
2.2.8 Final exit:
The terminal point of an escape route, beyond which persons are no longer in
danger.
2.2.9 Luminaire:
Apparatus which distributes, filters or transforms the light transmitted from one
or more lamps and which includes all the parts necessary for supporting, fixing
and protecting the lamps, but not the lamps themselves, and which includes
where necessary. Circuit auxiliaries together with the means for connecting
them to the supply.
2.2.10 Maintained emergency lighting:
A lighting system in which the emergency lighting lamps are energized at all
times when the normal or emergency lighting is required.
2.2.11 Mounting height:
The vertical distance between a luminaire and the floor.
2.2.12 Non-maintained emergency lighting:
A lighting system in which the emergency lighting lamps are in operation only
when the supply to the normal lighting fails.
2.2.13 Premises:
The whole or part of a building treated as a single unit for the purposes of
applying this standard.
2.3 Emergency Escape Lighting
2.3.1 General
The purpose of emergency escape lighting is to ensure that lighting is provided
promptly, automatically and for a suitable time in a specified area when the
normal power supply to the normal lighting fails. The installation shall ensure
that emergency escape lighting fulfills the following functions:
a) to indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape routes.
b) to provide illumination on to and along such routes as to allow safe
movement towards and through the exits provided to a place of safety.
c) to ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment provided
along escape routes can be readily located and used.
d) to permit operations concerned with safety measures.

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Emergency escape lighting shall be activated not only on complete failure of

the supply to the normal lighting but also on a localized failure as such a final
circuit failure.
2.3.2 Identification and illumination of emergency exit signs
Where direct sight of an exit is not possible and doubt may exist as to its
location a directional sign (or series of signs) shall be provided, placed such
that a person moving towards it will be directed towards an emergency exit.
An exit or directional sign shall be in view at all points along the escape route.
All signs marking exits, or escape routes in particular premises shall be
uniform in colour and format.
2.3.3 Escape route lighting
The objective of escape route lighting is to enable safe exit for occupants by
providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding on escape routes
and in special areas/locations, and to ensure that fire fighting and safety
equipment can be readily located and used.
2.3.4 Anti-panic open area lighting:
The objective of Anti-Panic Area Lighting is to reduce the likelihood of panic
and to enable safe movement of occupants towards escape routes by providing
appropriate visual conditions and direction finding. It is used in areas of
undefined escape routes in halls or premises either occupied by large numbers
of the public or employees or larger than 60 m2 floor.
NOTE: For practical design purposes if full photometric data is not available for luminaires
with regular light output distribution the requirement shall be met by providing an emergency
output of 5 lm for each square metre of the floor area to be illuminated and within a maximum
spacing height ratio of 4:1.
2.3.5 Emergency lighting for high risk task area lighting:
The objective of High Risk Task Area Lighting is to ensure the safety of
people involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable
proper shut down procedures for the safety of other occupants of the premises.
Emergency escape lighting is not designed to enable normal operations to be
continued on the premises in the event of failure of normal or standby lighting.
2.3.6 Standby lighting:
If a part of standby lighting is used as emergency escape lighting, then the
installation shall comply with the provisions of this standard.

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2.4 Emergency Escape Lighting Design

2.4.1 Plan of premises:
In order to ensure that the emergency escape lighting system plans showing the
layout of the building and of all existing or proposed escape routes, fire alarm
call points and fire fighting equipment and indicating the positions of all
structural items which may offer obstruction to escape shall be provided before
commencing system design.
2.4.2 Equipment standards:
It is essential that equipment of an adequate quality is used and where
applicable relevant requirements.
2.4.3 Failure of normal supply to a part of a premises:
Emergency lighting shall operate in the event of failure of any part of the
normal lighting supply. Non-maintained and sustained emergency luminaires
have to operate in the failure of a normal lighting subcircuit. Special
consideration should be given where the normal supply distribution system
within a large complex involves lateral supplies from a main electrical intake
to sub-main switch rooms and the emergency escape lighting is supplied from
a single central source. In all cases arrangements shall be made to ensure that
local emergency lighting will operate in the event of failure of normal supply.
2.4.4 Manual isolation device:
The system shall be designed to allow suitable maintenance and service
procedures to be carried out.
Where a manual isolation device is incorporated to facilitate maintenance, its
state must be apparent by means of visual or audio indication.
2.4.5 System integrity:
The provision of a highly reliable illuminance on the escape route is essential.
The illumination by the emergency escape lighting system of the escape route
shall be from more than one luminaire and distribution circuit so that the
failure of one luminaire or supply circuit of the system does not plunge the
route into total darkness or make the beacon effect of the system ineffective.
NOTE: It is not normally possible to cater for an interruption of the normal lighting due solely
to the failure of an individual lamp, consideration should be given to methods of eliminating
any probable hazard which might arise due to the failure of this lamp..
2.4.6 Distribution integrity for central systems
The additional safety shall be obtained by:
a) Limiting the maximum number of luminaires to 12 on each fused
distribution circuit.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

b) Using duplicated segregated supply circuits to each area.

c) Using fire protected cables.
These techniques may be required by National Authorities.
2.4.7 Mounting height of luminaires
The mounting height of the individual luminaires shall be governed by:
a) The photometric performance of the luminaire.
b) The need to avoid obscuration of the light output.
c) The possible risk of obscuration of the escape route by smoke.
If mounting heights lower than 2 m are used, luminaires shall be appropriately
mechanically protected and shall not provide a hazardous. Emergency lighting
for areas with a smoke reservoir shall be located below likely smoke levels and
operated as maintained luminaires if the output from the normal luminaires is
likely to be obscured.
2.4.8 Location of emergency escape lighting
The provisions of emergency escape lighting shall cover the routes and
locations detailed in clauses 2.3.2 to 2.3.5 of this section. Other areas of
hazard or areas that may need access in a normal lighting failure also require
emergency lighting and are defined in clauses 2.4.8.1 to 2.4.8.6 of this section.
NOTE: National regulations may specify additional requirements.
2.4.8.1 External areas in the immediate vicinity of exits
To assist dispersal and to enable final exits to be negotiated safely the
illuminance in the area immediately external to such exits shall be not lower
than that immediately inside the exit.
2.4.8.2 Lift Car
Lifts present a problem because the experience of being confined in the dark
within a small space for an indefinite period is not only unpleasant, but may
cause harm to those who are nervous or suffer from claustrophobia. An
emergency lighting luminaire shall therefore be fitted in a lift car in which
persons may travel. This can either be provided with self contained luminaires
or by a centrally supplied luminaire in which case though a fire protected
supply will be required.
2.4.8.3 Moving stairways and walkways
Moving stairways and walkways shall conform to the requirements of clause
2.3.3 for the protection of people using them when the normal lighting supply
fails. They are not normally used as part of the escape route.

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2.4.8.4 Toilets, lobbies changing rooms and closets

Facilities exceeding 8 m2 gross area or for the use of the disabled shall be
provided with emergency lighting complying with the requirements of clause
2.3.4.
2.4.8.5 Motor generator, control and plant rooms
These areas may need to be accessed for safety operation in a normal lighting
supply failure. Battery powered emergency lighting shall be provided to the
requirements of clause 2.4, in all motor generator rooms, control rooms, plant
rooms, switch rooms and adjacent to main control equipment associated with
the provision of normal and emergency lighting to the premises.
2.4.8.6 Covered car parks
The pedestrian escape routes from covered and multi-storey car park areas
shall be easily identified by exit signs and shall be provided with emergency
lighting meeting the requirements of clause 2.3.3.
2.4.9 Construction of emergency escape lighting equipment
If used in hazardous areas, where luminaires are certified to national or
international standards by a recognized certification authority, compliance with
temperature limits and explosion protection may be required..
2.4.10 Categories of operation
Emergency escape lighting systems shall operate in one of the modes.
2.4.10.1 Maintained operation
Within maintained operation, the emergency escape lighting system is
energized continuously, using the normal supply source when available,
employing the same lamps to provide at least the minimum specified
illuminance from an emergency supply.
NOTE: The effect of this method of operation is continually to indicate the condition of the
wiring and lamps, but not the battery. Any failure should be noted at normal times so that
defective lamps can be replaced before an emergency arises.
2.4.10.2 Non-maintained operation
In this mode of operation the emergency lighting lamps are not normally
energized. An automatic monitoring and switching system is provided to
switch on the emergency lighting if the normal supply is interrupted.
2.4.10.3 Extended duration or rest mode
When the normal supply fails, it is not always necessary or desirable to
evacuate the building. In this case either the duration period shall be extended
and/or a rest mode shall be used.
2.4.10.4 Isolation facilities
It may be desirable to isolate the emergency supply from operation when the
premises are unoccupied.

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In this case, operation of the emergency lighting shall be protected from the
effect of a short circuit, a contact to earth or an interruption of the wiring
between the control switch and the central system or self contained luminaires.
Any fault in the wiring to the control switch shall not prevent operation of the
emergency escape lighting.
NOTE: The control switch shall be either mechanically or electrically interlocked with an
essential service to ensure that the emergency lighting is not isolated when the premises are
occupied.
2.5 Choice of Appropriate Emergency Lighting System
The mode of operation and duration will need to meet National Legislation and
the following specific conditions. See Annex B.
2.5.1 Areas in which the normal lighting is reduced or dimmed during occupation
These areas shall have maintained or combined emergency luminaires.
2.5.2 Building higher than 10 storeys or areas that are underground
These locations which have restricted access for emergency services shall have
extended emergency durations.
2.5.3 Multiple use of a premises
Requires that the whole premise is provided with the longest emergency
lighting duration period requirement of any one part of it.
2.6 Emergency escape lighting system records and log book
On completion of the work, drawings of emergency lighting installation shall
be provided and retained on the premises. Such drawings should be regularly
updated with any subsequent changes to the system.
In addition, a log book conforming to 2.6.2 shall be provided for the recording
of routine examinations, tests, defects and alterations.
These shall be available as either a manual record or as a hard copy of an
automatic testing device.
2.6.1 System record:
On completion of a yearly inspection and test schedule as required in periodic
inspection and test certificate should be supplied to the person responsible for
the premises.
2.6.2 Log book:
A log book shall be kept on the premises in the care of a responsible person
appointed by the occupier/owner and shall be readily available for examination
by any duly authorized person.
The log book shall be used to record at least the following information:

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(a) date of commissioning of the system including any certificate relating to

alterations;
(b) date of each periodic inspection and test;
(c) date and brief details of each service, inspection or test carried out;
(d) dates and brief details of any defects and of remedial action taken;
(e) date and brief details of any alteration to the emergency lighting
installation;
(f) if an automatic testing device is employed, the performance of that
device shall be described.
NOTE 1: The log book may also include pages relating to other safety records, e.g.
fire alarms. Details of replacement components of luminaires such as lamp
type, battery, and fusing may also be recorded in the log book.
NOTE 2: An appropriate print out of computer data meets the requirements of this
clause.
2.7 Servicing and Testing
2.7.1 Supervision:
Regular servicing is essential. The occupier/owner of the premises shall
appoint a competent person to supervise servicing of the system. This person
shall be given sufficient authority to ensure the carrying out of any work
necessary to maintain the system in correct operation.
2.7.2 Batteries:
In all cases the Battery manufacturer’s instructions shall be followed. It is
particularly important that where applicable.
a) The tops of batteries and their terminals are kept clean and unobstructed
and that battery cases are periodically checked for leaks.
b) The electrolyte is at all times kept at the correct level as recommended by
the manufacturer.
c) The replacement of any battery or cell is compatible with the rest of the
system.
2.7.3 Routine inspections and tests
2.7.3.1 General
Because of the possibility of a failure of the normal lighting supply occurring
shortly after a period of testing of the emergency lighting system or during the
subsequent recharge period, all extended duration tests shall wherever possible
be undertaken preceding time of low risk to allow for battery recharge.
Alternatively suitable temporary arrangements shall be made until the batteries
have been recharged.

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The following minimum inspections and tests shall be carried out at the
intervals recommended in 2.7.3.2 to 2.7.3.4. Specific tests may be required by
the regulating authority.
2.7.3.2 Daily
Central power supply indicators shall be inspected for healthy operation.
2.7.3.3 Monthly
Tests shall be carried out as follows:
(a) Illuminate each luminaire and internally illuminated exit sign from its
battery simulation of a failure of the supply to the normal lighting for a
period sufficient to ensure that each lamp is illuminated.
NOTE: The period of simulated failure should not exceed one-quarter of the rated
duration of the luminaire or sign.
During this period, all luminaires and signs shall be checked to ensure
that they are present, clean and functioning correctly.
At the end of this test period the supply to the normal lighting should be
restored and any indicator lamp or device checked to ensure that it is
showing that the normal supply has been restored.
(b) In addition to (a), for central battery systems, the correct operation of
system monitors shall be checked.
NOTE: In general a 1 h duration is required.
(c) Automatic testing devices. Detection of failure during testing by, or of
an automatic testing system shall be indicated.
2.7.3.4 Annually
The monthly inspection shall be carried out and the following additional tests
made:
a) Each luminaire and internally illuminated sign shall be tested as 2.7.4.3
but for its full rated duration.
b) The supply of the normal lighting shall be restored and any indicator
lamp or device checked to ensure that it is showing that normal supply
has been restored. The charging arrangements should be checked for
proper functioning.
c) The date of the test and its results shall be recorded in the system log
book.
2.7.4 Automatic test devices
The functional operation of automatic test devices is under consideration.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Annex A (informative)

Emergency lighting design guide

2.A.1 General
Before any detailed design work commences it is essential that consultation is
carried out in accordance with clause 2.4.1. The design procedure should
proceed as set out in the following sub-clauses of this annex.
2.A.2 Factors to be considered
In determining requirements the following points should be considered:
a) Verify escape routes;
b) Establish fire alarm call point position;
c) Establish position of fire fighting equipment;
d) Establish position of fire and safety signs;
e) Investigate potential hazards on escape routes;
f) Establish high risk areas;
g) Establish open areas;
h) Establish requirements for external escape lighting;
i) Locate lifts;
j) Locate moving stairways and walkways;
k) Locate toilet accommodation over 8m2 gross area;
l) Locate motor generator control and plant rooms;
m) Locate covered car parks;
n) Investigate need for standby lighting;
o) Establish areas of low fire risk for location of central power systems.
2.A.3 Design of illuminance
Having determined the positions and areas which need to be illuminated from
the emergency lighting system, the detailed design to minimum illuminances
can commence, as set out below:
a) Position emergency luminaires on plan to cover points of emphasis;
b) Verify mounting height of luminaires;
c) Investigate possible deterioration of luminaire light output due to dirt and
dust;
d) Check voltage and possible volt drop;

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

f) Determine the mode of operation.

g) Choose emergency lighting luminaires;
h) Obtain detailed photometric data of luminaires.
i) Design scheme to the minimum illuminance.
j) Check diversity.
2.A.4 Operation and maintenance following design and installation
The designer should include the preparation of instructions on the operation
and maintenance of the system in the design schedule. The instructions should
preferably be in the form of a manual for retention by the occupier. A suitable
log book should also be provided.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Annex B (informative)

Emergency lighting application classes

2.B.1 General
The types of premises to which this code applies may be divided into the
following broad classes of application of B2 to B11. Examples of premises
falling within each of these classes are given but these are not necessarily
comprehensive. In case of doubt, the appropriate product class should be
agreed with the enforcing authority.
2.B.2 Premises used as sleeping accommodation
This class includes such premises as hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, guest
houses, clubs, colleges and schools.
Occupants of hospitals and nursing homes are likely to be infirm and difficult
to evacuate so extended durations are recommended.
Other sleeping risk areas are unlikely to be evacuated in the event of a normal
supply failure so an extended duration or rest mode system should be provided.
2.B.3 Common access routes within multi-storey dwellings
The majority of persons using access routes within multi-storey dwellings will
be familiar with them and the identification of such routes by signs may not,
therefore always be necessary. However the escape routes should be provided
with an emergency lighting system for evacuation duration unless it is higher
than 10 stories when extended duration is required.
2.B.4 Non-residential premises used for treatment or care
This class includes such premises as special schools, clinics and similar
premises. Reaction time to an emergency in premises of this type may be
expected to be shorter than when emergencies arise during the night but
possible difficulties of evacuation require the use of extended duration or rest
mode units.
2.B.5 Non-residential premises used for recreation
This included such premises as theatres, concert halls, exhibition halls, sports
halls, sports stadia, public houses and restaurants. Many of these premises will
not be evacuated in a mains failure so extended durations or rest mode should
be provided.
The people using such premises may be expected to be unfamiliar with their
layout so exit signs should be maintained. In parts of premises where the
normal lighting may be dimmed, a maintained emergency lighting system
should be installed.

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For some theatre auditoria where the recommended maintained illuminance is

likely to affect normal working, it is considered acceptable to reduce this level
provided the system is so arranged that in event of failure of the normal system
of lighting within the auditoria the escape lighting illuminance is immediately
and automatically restored. Complete or substantially complete blackouts,
which may be required for production reasons, may only be permitted with the
approval of the enforcing authority.
In other places where it is desired to reduce the artificial lighting for effects
purposes (e.g. a discotheque), it may be permissible with the approval of the
enforcing authority to extinguish the maintained emergency lighting, provided
that the switching for this arrangement is under continuous management
control and that the area is visible from the switching position. It is essential
that the circuit and equipment adopted is such that the emergency lighting is
automatically restored in the event of the failure of the normal supply. Exit
signs shall remain illuminated at times the premises are occupied.
Sports arenas and stadia may involve hazardous areas for competition in which
case they shall be treated as high risk task areas.
2.B.6 Non-residential premises used for teaching, training and research:
This class includes such premises as schools, colleges, technical institutes and
laboratories.
In general, persons using this class of premises will be reasonably familiar with
the layout and safety provisions and orderly evacuation can normally be
expected in the event of an emergency. Also, except possibly in some types of
process laboratories, there will be not normally be any safety requirement for
early reoccupation after an emergency and the minimum duration of escape
lighting should therefore be adequate.
2.B.7 Non residential public premises:
This includes such premises as town halls, libraries, offices, art galleries,
museums, railway stations other transport depots and airports.
The majority of persons present in this class of premises will be unfamiliar
with the layout, and evacuation may involve discharging large numbers of
persons (large shops) or gathering together smaller numbers of persons from
large dispersed areas so escape routes should be adequate and clearly signed.
Except within areas of such premises where the normal lighting may be
deliberately dimmed, e.g. special displays in art galleries and museums, where
a system of M/1 category should be used, a system of NM/1 category will be
satisfactory.
Transport depots and airports may be difficult to evacuate therefore extended
duration or rest mode should be provided.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

2.B.8 Industrial premises used for manufacture, processing or storage of

products:
This includes such premises as factories, workshops, warehouses and similar
establishments.
A non-maintained emergency lighting system will normally be satisfactory for
use in this class of premises but whether or not a duration in excess of the
evacuation duration will be required can only be determined with reference to
the actual premises and the use to be made of them.
2.B.9 Enclosed shopping malls:
There are often many types of commercial premises within these enclosed
malls without natural light and evacuation may involve discharging large
numbers of people along extensive escape routes to safety. Common areas
need to have an emergency duration at least equivalent to any premises they
serve.
2.B.10 Multiple use of premises:
Where any premises fall into more than one of the broad classes B2 to B9, the
whole premises shall be treated in accordance with the most stringent of the
applicable recommendations.
NOTE: A recommendation for a maintained or combined category is considered to be more
stringent than a recommendation for a non-maintained category, and an extended duration or
rest mode is more stringent than the evacuation duration.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS IN

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Section 3: Automatic Test Systems for Battery

Powered Emergency Escape Lighting

3.1 Scope
This section specifies performance and safety requirements for automatic
testing systems for use with electrical light sources on supply voltages not
exceeding 1000v. It covers testing systems which can be built into and operate
with a single luminaire and systems which control and test a system
comprising.
Manual test facilities which rely on manual initiation and/or visual inspection
of the lamp condition are outside the scope of this standard..
3.2. Definitions
3.2.1 self-contained luminaires with built in automatic facilities
self-contained emergency luminaires with independent built in facilities to
initiate and indicate the results of tests.
3.2.2 self-contained luminaires with remote automatic facilities
multiple emergency luminaires working in conjunction with a remote panel.
This system initiates tests and indicates their results.
3.2.3 centrally powered system with automatic facilities
system in which the luminaires are initiated and tested for operation which is
then indicated.
NOTE - Compatibility between the central power supply and luminaires is outside the scope of
this standard.
3.3 Requirements
3.3.1 Safety, design and construction
All components shall conform to their relevant appropriate safety and
constructional requirements.
The design and construction of the system shall be such as to ensure that test
duration and frequency periods can only be changed by authorized personnel.
NOTE - Test circuit components may be installed within or adjacent to either self contained or
centrally powered slave luminaires. Additional components may be located in a remote panel.

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3.3.2 Self-monitoring
The system shall monitor its own conformity to the test duration and frequency
requirements of clause 3.4. Any failure within the system that compromises
conformity to clause 3.4 shall be indicated as a malfunction.
Compliance is checked by simulating a fault in the circuit which interrupts the
progress of the test sequence.
3.3.3 Functional requirements
3.3.3.1 The test system shall automatically check emergency lighting luminaires and
power supplies, at frequencies and for durations specified in clause 3.4 to
identify faults that would impair their operational duty.
3.3.3.2 The test system shall check that the emergency supply is healthy and available.
Compliance is checked by disconnecting the battery during the test sequence -
a fault must then be indicated.
3.3.3.3 The test system shall check that any changeover device fitted has operated,
powering the lamp from the emergency battery supply.
Compliance is tested by checking that, during test conditions, the lamp power
must be obtained either solely from the battery or the discharge test must be
compensated for the effect of the battery charger.
3.3.3.4 The test system shall check that, in permanently maintained systems which do
not have a changeover device, the lamp operates correctly in both the mains
supply healthy and failed conditions.
NOTE - Maintained luminaires with a changeover device should be tested according to clause
3.3.3.3.
Compliance is checked by inspection and test.
3.3.4 Any failure of intercommunication between system components shall not
inhibit the emergency operation of a luminaire nor initiate an unwanted test.
During a functional test any failure of communication or operation shall be
indicated as a fault, either on the luminaire or remote panel.
Compliance is checked by inspection and test.
3.3.5 The test system shall check that lamp(s) are correctly energized for the
duration of the test.
Compliance is checked by:
a) removal of the emergency lamps; and
b) for fluorescent lamps, substitution by a failed lamp.
A fault indication shall be given in both cases.

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3.4 Test duration and frequency

3.4.1 Test of circuit operation and satisfactory lamp operation
A test shall be performed at least once every week. The test duration shall be
between 10 s and 5 min. The total of these test times shall be less than 10 min
per week.
NOTE - This gives the earliest warning of luminaire failure consistent with satisfactory
component life.
3.4.2 Test of battery duration
A test shall be performed at commissioning and repeated at least annually. It
checks that the lamp(s) are illuminated for their rated duration of emergency
operation for the application.
If a mains supply failure occurs up to 24 h before a programmed rated duration
test, the start of the test should either be postponed for 24 h after restoration of
the mains, or, if resulting in a failure, should be repeated after 24 h recharge to
prevent an incorrect indication of failure to be given.
NOTE - Battery capacity can only be assured by a rated discharge. The need for this test
should be balanced against the possible risks of luminaires being only partially charged for up
to 24 h (see clause 3.6). Compliance shall be checked by test and inspection.
3.5 Marking
3.5.1 Where applicable, remote panels shall be marked with the maximum number of
luminaires with which they are designed to operate.
3.5.2 Remote panels and luminaires conforming to this standard shall be distinctly
and durably marked with a symbol (see figure 1) in a position where it can be
seen during maintenance.
3.6 Protection of a building during recharge of batteries
3.6.1 General
Test systems shall be designed to minimize the effects of a supply failure when
luminaires are only partially recharged after a full discharge test. This shall be
achieved by the procedures specified in 3.6.2 for premises which will be
unoccupied during battery duration tests and recharge. Systems designed to
perform these tests while the premises are occupied shall also comply with one
of the procedures specified in 3.6.3.
3.6.2 Premises which will be unoccupied during battery duration tests and recharge.
Accurate timing of test initiation.
3.6.2.1 The test system shall be designed and constructed such that, secure pre-
selection of future safe test periods or separation of alternate testing times is
maintained.
NOTE - Fast recharge of batteries reduces the period of risk enabling recharge to be achieved
in daylight hours.

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3.6.2.2 The timer shall have an accuracy of ± 45 s per week.

Conformity shall be established by achieving two consecutive satisfactory
tests.
3.6.2.3 The timing shall be maintained through periods of supply failure or
interruption of at least one week.
Compliance is checked by test.
3.6.3 Premises which may be occupied during battery duration tests and recharge
3.6.3.1 General
Systems for installation in premises which may be occupied during discharge
and recharge shall conform to one of the requirements given in 3.6.3.2 to
3.6.3.5.
3.6.3.2 Testing of self-contained systems
The test system shall be designed and constructed such that, during a test,
alternate luminaires are available at all times providing a limited cover.
3.6.3.3 Testing of centrally powered systems
3.6.3.3.1 The system shall be equipped with dual parallel batteries to enable the system
to be checked in two halves, each capable of providing illumination while the
other is discharged.
NOTE - This system also enables some luminaires to operate while the battery is being
serviced or replaced.
3.6.3.3.2 In the case of manual initiation of tests, the system shall provide automatic
indication of the failure to conduct a satisfactory rated discharge test within 12
months.
3.6.3.3.3 The test shall be conducted for two-thirds of the rated duration. The system
shall then be automatically checked that it has not been discharged to a lower
voltage than is appropriate for a discharge of two-thirds of the rated capacity,
as determined by the battery manufacturer.
3.7 Indication of results of tests
3.7.1 The system shall give indication of test results, and it shall be designed and
constructed such that indication of the failure of a test shall not be cancelled by
a successful test of a different kind or by an extended supply failure. The
indication of test failure shall either be retained for at least one week, or the
system shall automatically repeat a test of battery duration after a period of 24
h recharge.
Compliance is checked by inspection and tests.
3.7.2 Each system shall include at least one indicator that is illuminated while the
normal mains supply is healthy. If tests were satisfactory its colour shall be
green; if any tests were failures a yellow or red indicator shall be illuminated.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Section 4: Central Power Supply Systems

4.1 Scope
This section specifies the general requirements for central power supply
systems for an independent energy supply to essential safety equipment. In
particular it covers systems permanently connected to a.c. supply voltages not
exceeding 1000 V and that use batteries as the alternative power source.
The central power supplies are intended to energize essential safety equipment
in the case of failure of the normal supply, for example:.
- emergency escape lighting
- electrical circuits of automatic fire extinguishing installations
- paging systems and signalling safety installations
- smoke extraction equipment
- carbon monoxide warning systems
- specific safety installations related to specific buildings e.g. high risk
areas.
A schematic representation of a typical central power supply equipment is
depicted in Clause 4.3. The scope of this section specifically excludes power
supplies for UPS systems.
4.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.
4.2.1 automatic transfer switching device (ATSD):
A device arranged to connect the emergency supply automatically to the
essential safety equipment circuit(s) on failure of the normal supply or to
transfer the load from the normal supply to the battery.
4.2.2 battery charger:
That part of the equipment which provides the charge to the battery from the
normal supply.
4.2.3 inverter:
A device for the conversion of direct current (d.c.) to alternating current (a.c.).

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

4.2.4 changeover mode:

A mode in which the emergency power supply source is kept on standby where
in cases of failure of the normal supply the emergency power supply is
automatically transferred to the essential safety equipment.
4.2.5 converter:
A device for changing the voltage of a direct current supply.
4.2.6 parallel standby mode:
A mode in which the emergency power supply source is continuously
connected in parallel to the normal supply and supplies power without
interruption when the normal supply fails.
4.2.7 control switch device (CSD):
A device arranged manually or automatically to supply one or several circuits
from the emergency power source on failure of the normal supply.
4.2.8 deep discharge protection device:
A device to protect the battery against deep discharge.
4.2.9 rated supply voltage (mains input):
The supply voltage or voltages assigned to the equipment by the manufacturer
for the specified operating condition of the equipment.
4.2.10 rated output current (of a system):
The current, in amperes, of a system supplied at nominal voltage.
4.2.11 normal supply:
That source of electrical energy used to provide normal power supply.
4.2.12 rated duration of the system:
The designed period of time during which the load can be supplied whilst the
system stays within specified voltage limits.
4.2.13 nominal battery voltage:
The suitable approximate value of voltage used to designate or identify a
system calculated on the basis of 2 V per cell for lead acid cells and 1.2 V per
cell for nickel cadmium cells.
4.2.14 nominal system voltage:
The declared output voltage of a centrally supplied emergency power system.
4.2.15 minimum supply voltage:
Voltage of the supply at the end of rated duration.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

4.2.16 earth leakage indication:

A device to indicate a leakage path to earth from either pole of the battery or
load circuit only when connected to the battery.
4.2.17 mains failure indication:
A device to indicate a failure of the normal supply.
4.2.18 phase or final circuit failure detector:
A device which monitors the normal supply to separate circuits or phases
providing normal power supply and which automatically initiates the
emergency power supply on failure of the normal supply to any of the
monitored circuits.
4.2.19 central power supply system (CPS-System):
A central power supply system which supplies the required emergency power
to essential safety equipment without any restriction in power output.
4.2.20 low power supply system (LPS-System):
A central power supply system with a limitation of the power output of the
system at 500 W for 3 h or 1500 W for 1 h duration.
4.2.21 equipment input power:
The power rating of the power supply equipment for connection to the mains.
4.2.22 essential safety equipment:
Devices required by the relevant authority to protect people in the event of a
hazard.
4.3 Types of Central Power Supply Systems
In order to comply with the different operating requirements of the essential
safety equipment, various types of central power supply systems are necessary.
This clause describes the basic types and their essential characteristics.
In general, two different modes of power supply are defined, i.e. the
changeover mode and the parallel standby mode. The main difference is the
response (changeover) time. In the changeover mode, the response time shall
be no more than 0.5 s whilst in the parallel standby mode, there is, by its
nature, no response time.
4.3.1 Changeover mode (includes a changeover time of less than 0.5 s):
In this case, the essential safety equipment is supplied directly from the system
(see figure 1). Where the load voltage differs from the system voltage, an
isolating transformer is used for supply matching. In the event of power
failure, the voltage monitor in the automatic transfer switching device (ATSD)
switches over the supply to the battery. Charging and float charging of the
battery is provided by a controlled battery charger.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

The stored energy time in the case of a power failure is determined by the load,
the level of discharge and the capacity of the battery. Where the load requires
an a.c. supply, an inverter is included in the circuit, where a d.c. supply is
required, a converter circuit is included.

Figure 1

4.3.2 Parallel standby mode:

In this case the charger supplies the essential safety equipment and the
controlled charging and/or float charging of the battery (see figure 2).
In the event of a power failure, the battery connected in parallel takes over the
power supply to the load without interruption.

Figure 2

4.3.3 Changeover mode with additional control switching device for central
switching of the load:
In addition to the devices detailed in 4.3.1, the equipment includes a control
switch device(s) (C.S.D.) which is manually or automatically activated and is
dependent upon the mains supply being available and to ensure the emergency
power supply is not isolated at any material time (see figure 3).

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

NOTE: A number of control switch devices may be used to switch sections of the load.

Figure 3

4.3.4 Changeover mode with additional control switching device for partial
switching of the load:
In addition to the devices detailed in 4.3.1, the equipment includes a control
switching device for switching of the load activated by the existing power
supply voltage (see 4.3.3).
In variation to the concept defined in 4.3.3 part of the load, however, is
continuously supplied (see figure 4).

Figure 4

4.3.5 Non-maintained changeover mode:

In this case the essential safety equipment is supplied only in the event of the
normal supply failure. The system differs from that defined in 3.3.2 by using
control switch device(s) (see figure 5).

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

Figure 5

4.4 Operating Conditions and Requirements

4.4.1 Normal operating conditions and requirements for equipment: Devices
shall be operated under the following conditions unless specific variations are
agreed by user and manufacturer.
a) The input voltage shall be 127 or 220 V.
b) The frequency tolerance band of the alternating current input voltage
shall be ± 2% of the rated value.
c) The temperature range in which the equipment will operate shall be
declared and the equipment shall be capable of operating in an air
humidity of 85%.
d) The system shall be capable of operating at up to 1000 m above sea level.
e) A controlled rectifier shall be used during charging and float charging of
the battery.
f) The battery shall be protected against deep discharge.
4.4.2 Requirements to be specified by the user:
To ensure the correct equipment is supplied the following information is
required to be provided to the manufacturer.
a) type and value of the input and output voltages.
b) load profile.
c) division of the load (maintained and non-maintained operation), as far as
required.
d) permissible transfer time in case of failure of the mains supply.
e) the duration required.
f) the intended battery installation.
g) intended system configuration.
h) ambient temperature range and the relative humidity for correct operation
of equipment.

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4.5 Construction
The equipment shall comply with the following requirements.
4.5.1 Structure of enclosure
4.5.1.1 Enclosures shall have adequate mechanical strength.
Compliance shall be checked by inspection and the following tests.
A straight and unjointed test finger is used with the same dimensions as the
standard test finger. The finger is pressed against the surface with a force of 30
N. During the test metal parts shall not touch live parts. After the test covers
shall not be excessively deformed.
4.5.1.2 Enclosures of the system shall have a degree of protection of at least IP 20.
4.5.1.3 Enclosures shall be resistant to heat and fire.
Compliance shall be checked by subjecting a sample of the material to the
850oC glow wire test. Fire Hazard Testing, Part 2: Test methods, glow wire
Test and Guidance.
NOTE: Metal enclosures are deemed to comply with this requirement.
4.5.1.4 All switching and testing devices intended to be actuated as well as the
indicating monitors and signalling devices shall be arranged so as to be visible
when in normal use.
4.5.1.5 Doors and removable panels shall be so fastened that access to dangerous live
parts is not possible without the use of a tool or key.
4.5.1.6 Devices within the enclosure shall be arranged to facilitate maintenance and
functional tests.
4.5.1.7 The arrangement of interconnections between components and equipments
shall be adequately and permanently identified.
4.5.1.8 Wireways shall be smooth and free from sharp edges, burrs, flashes etc, which
might cause damage to the insulation of the wiring parts. Metal screws shall
not protrude into wireways.
4.5.1.9 Battery chargers and rectifiers
Battery chargers and rectifiers shall comply with the following requirements:
4.5.2 Battery chargers shall be designed with full regard to the battery
manufacturer’s data and recommendations so as to optimize the battery service
life.
4.5.2.1 Battery chargers shall be of a controlled type and shall be capable of
automatically charging their batteries that have been discharged so that they
can perform at least 80% of their specified duration within 12 h on charge.

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

In the case of parallel standby mode where the load is supplied from the
charger, the nominal output current of the charger shall be equivalent to at least
110% of the sum of the specified load and battery recharge current.
Compliance shall be checked by carrying out the test given in 4.5.2.4.
4.5.2.2 Where maintained loads are permanently connected in the parallel standby
mode, the design of the battery charger and its associated system shall be such
that the voltage appearing at the output terminal shall not exceed the maximum
rated voltage of the loads.
4.5.2.3 Battery chargers shall incorporate smoothing circuits. The RMS ripple current
at the battery terminals which is superimposed by the float charge current and
may be fed back from the load (ie inverters) shall not exceed in sum 5 A per
100 Ah battery capacity. During temporary boost charge a higher RMS ripple
current is permitted.
4.5.2.4 Battery chargers shall provide their rated performance over their designed
ambient temperature range when operating on mains supply voltage.
Automatic compensation of battery charge voltage dependent on temperature
variations shall be provided if required by the battery manufacturer.
Compliance shall be checked by inspection and the following test.
The battery shall be charged for 36 h by application of the minimum rated
input voltage to the battery charger at nominal conditions. Immediately
following the charge, the battery shall be discharged using the designed load or
resistive equivalent to provide rated current at the nominal battery voltage.
The discharge shall be continued for the specified duration of the equipment
ensuring at the end of discharge that the battery voltage provided is not less
than the specified minimum voltage.
The battery shall be recharged at the minimum rated input voltage for 12 h at a
room ambient temperature of (20 ± 5)oC. Immediately following the recharge,
the battery shall be discharged at rated current to 80% of rated duration period
of the system at which time the battery voltage shall not be less than that
specified.
Equipment that does not pass this test shall be retested. Equipment that does
not pass the repeat test shall be deemed not to comply.
4.5.2.5 The battery charger shall be so designed that a short circuit on it’s output will
not cause damage.
Compliance shall be checked by disconnecting the battery and applying a short
circuit to the battery charger output. No damage other than operation of
protective devices shall occur.
4.5.3 Switching devices
4.5.3.1 Automatic transfer switches and electronic devices shall be of the appropriate
category for the load; they shall operate within the response time required.
Both poles of the safety equipment circuit shall be switched by the device.

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4.5.3.2 Mains incoming isolation switches of the rotary, switch-fuse or fuse-switch

type.
4.5.3.3 Any switch or control used to change the performance of the battery charger to
the boost or commissioning level shall be either of the lockable type or shall be
fitted inside the enclosure and shall not be accessible without the use of a tool
or key.
Compliance with the requirements of 4.5.3.1 to 4.5.3.3 is checked by
inspection and measurement.
4.5.4 Central inverters
Central inverters shall comply with the following requirements:
4.5.4.1 Central inverters, their batteries, chargers, and associated controlgear, shall be
designed so as to ensure they are a compatible system, with particular regard to
frequency, voltage waveform, load capacity and power factors.
4.5.4.2 The output voltage of central inverters shall match the load requirement but be
regulated within a ± 6% of the system nominal voltage from 20% to 100% of
load conditions throughout the rated discharge period. For instantaneous load
changes the output voltage may be allowed to vary within ± 10% for up to 5 s.
4.5.4.3 Inverters shall be designed for 120% of the load requirement.
4.5.4.4 Sinusoidal inverters shall have a maximum total harmonic distortion of 5%
measured into a linear load.
Low power systems using non-sinusoidal outputs are acceptable up to 6 A
output current provided they are compatible with the load.
4.5.4.5 Central inverters shall have a frequency matching the load with a maximum
frequency tolerance of ± 2% over the full battery voltage and load range.
NOTE: Inverter systems usually operate at 50 Hz/60 Hz.
4.5.4.6 The inverter shall be protected against damage to components, other than fuse
links or other protective device, caused by reversal of battery polarity.
4.5.4.7 The inverter shall be protected by and fuse links or other protective device
against component damage from short circuits applied directly to the a.c.
output terminations.
Compliance with the requirements of 4.5.4.1 to 4.5.4.7 is checked by
inspection, measurement and the relevant tests.
4.5.4.8 The inverter shall be capable of clearing any associated final circuit or
distribution circuit fuse without shutting down or rupturing its output fuse.
Inverters shall recover to normal output automatically within 5 s of the fault
being cleared. The size and type of fuse or protective device fitted in the
distribution system shall be specified by the manufacturer.
Compliance is checked by the following test:

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO 2012/2002

A fuse or protective device of the maximum declared value shall be connected

across the output terminals. The inverter shall then be switched on and the
fuse or protective device shall operate without damage to the inverter which
shall resume its full output voltage within 5 s.
4.5.5 Deep discharge protection
A deep discharge protective device shall be provided for the protection of the
battery and the automatic switching device and shall comply with the following
requirements:
a) The minimum operating voltage shall be 0.9 V/cell for nickel cadmium
batteries and 1.6 V/cell for lead acid batteries.
b) The response time shall be between 0.5 s and 5 s inclusive. The
consumption value of the exhaustive discharge protective device shall be
not more than 0.2 A per 100 Ah rated capacity of the battery.
c) The operation of the deep discharge protective device shall be displayed
on the control panel of the safety power supply.
d) Restoration of the supply shall automatically reinstate charging.
e) The deep discharge monitor shall only be reset manually after restoration
of the normal supply.
f) No additional manual switchgear shall be used in the battery circuit in
order to separate the essential safety equipment from the battery.
Compliance shall be checked by operation, measurement and inspection.
4.5.6 Monitoring and supervision devices
4.5.6.1 The central power supply system shall include facilities for monitoring the
system function. The following shall be measured:
- battery voltage.
- battery charge/discharge current.
- load current (in parallel stand-by-mode operation).
- output current of the charger (in parallel stand-by-mode operation).
4.5.6.2 The following test and monitoring equipment shall be provided:
a) a device with automatic reset, e.g. push button, to simulate a normal
supply failure.
b) an isolating device to isolate the a.c. supply for checking the duration of
the system.
The isolating device shall be capable of meeting full load operating
conditions and shall be secured against inadvertent or unauthorized
operation.

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NOTE: The removal of a fuse is not an acceptable means to isolate the a.c. supply.
c) indication of the actual power supply source (normal supply or battery).
d) indication of the following faults:
- float charge voltage (trickle charge current for Nickel/cadmium
battery) out of the permissible range.
- interruption of the battery charging circuit.
- failure in charge equipment; no charge current, although normal
supply is available.
- supply from the battery, although normal supply is available.
- deep discharge protection initiated.
When fitted, the following devices shall also provide indication of their
operation:
- Operation of the insulation monitoring device (earth leakage
indication).
- Failure of a powered ventilation system for battery cabinet or battery
room.
e) Facilities for a remote display of the following indicators via a potential-
free contact shall be provided for:
- systems in operation.
- supply from the battery.
- system disturbance combined fault indication as specified in item d).
NOTE: An audible alarm may also be provided.
4.5.6.3 Failure of the alarm indicator facility shall not prejudice the operation of the
power supply.
Compliance with the requirements of 4.5.6.1 to 4.5.6.3 is checked by
inspection and measurement by disconnecting the battery charger from the
battery.
4.5.7 Fuses, circuit protective devices
Semi-conductor protection fuses shall be of the special purpose high-speed
type.
Double pole protective devices and protective devices used in d.c. circuits shall
be d.c. rated for the required duty.
Alternatively digital meters may be used provided they are of equivalent
accuracy to the analogue meters.
Compliance shall be checked by inspection.

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4.5.8 Internal wiring

4.5.8.1 Internal wiring used to carry a.c. supply and safety equipment circuits shall be
separated from each other either by running through separate compartments or
by double insulation.
4.5.8.2 For internal power circuits wiring shall be of 300/500 V. For control circuits
wiring of a minimum 0.5 mm2 cross section and 0.6 mm insulation thickness
shall be used. Low power circuits to circuit boards and wiring interconnecting
circuit boards may be of a lower cross sectional area and insulation if adequate
account of the current and voltage are made.
Compliance is checked by inspection and measurement.
4.5.9 Electric strength
At normal operating temperature, the equipment shall be able to withstand a
test voltage between all live terminals and the protective earth terminal or
earthing contact.
Compliance shall be checked by the following test:
Following battery recharge, the maintained circuit shall be operated at rated
load for a minimum period of 1 h after which the supply mains shall be
disconnected. The equipment, with battery disconnected, shall withstand the
electrical strength test at 2U + 1000 V. (U = Normal supply voltage).
4.5.10 Automatic testing device (optional)
Where an automatic test unit with a recording facility is used to monitor the
installation status instead of the manual test, the test unit shall have the
following characteristics:
a) Constant monitoring of the charge; where monitoring is periodic, the
interval shall be < 5 min.
b) Cyclical monitoring of switching and functional capacity of the
connected load for the emergency power supply (e.g. luminaires).
Test cycle: daily
Test duration: shall be between 0.5 min and 5 min.
c) Recording of any faults in the emergency power supply and the fault in
the test equipment or central monitoring point.
d) Fault notification when there is a fault in the transmission route to the
central monitoring point.
e) A facility for manual initiation of the test on the unit or a central
monitoring unit.
Compliance shall be checked by inspection and test.

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4.5.11 Batteries
4.5.11.1 Batteries shall comply with the appropriate one of the following applications:
1- Applies to lead-acid cells and batteries which are designed for service in
a fixed location (i.e. not habitually to be moved from place to place) and
which are permanently connected to the load and to the d.c. power
supply.
2- Applies to valve regulated stationary lead-acid cells and batteries for
service in a fixed location (i.e. not habitually to be moved from place to
place) and permanently connected to a load and to a d.c. power supply.
3. Specifies tests and requirements for sealed nickel-cadmium cylindrical
rechargeable single cells, suitable for use in any orientation. Specific
tests and requirements for cells intended for use in permanent charge at
elevated temperatures are also included.
4.5.11.2 Batteries for central power systems (CPS) shall be of a type having a declared
life expectancy of at least 10 years at 20oC ambient temperature.
Batteries for low power systems (LPS) shall be of a type having a declared life
expectancy of at least 5 years at 20oC ambient temperature.
NOTE: To achieve full performance at the end of life the battery capacity should be sized in
accordance with the battery manufacturers’ data.
4.5.11.3 Lead acid automotive batteries shall not be used.
4.5.11.4 The battery and system design shall be capable of meeting the declared
performance initially, during and at the end of the stated life.
NOTE 1: Usually batteries are rated to meet the specified performance and declared life
expectancy at 20oC.
Where a battery rated temperature different from 20oC is agreed between the
supplier and user, this shall be stated.
Where batteries are subjected to boost charge, the surface temperature of the
batteries within any cubicle shall not exceed 35oC when operated in an ambient
temperature of 25oC.
NOTE 2: When equipment is operated continuously in an ambient temperature outside the
range declared, the equipment manufacturer or supplier should be consulted.
4.5.11.5 At the end of the specified duration of the system, the output voltage shall be
not less than 90% of the nominal voltage at the nominal load.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
4.5.12 Battery installation and provision for maintenance
Batteries shall be installed and provision for maintenance made in accordance
with manufacturer’s recommendations.

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4.5.13 Equipment marking

4.5.13.1 Equipment shall be clearly and durably marked and be readily visible after
installation.
4.5.13.2 Internal and external parts, such as meters, pilot lights, switches, fuses and
terminals shall have their function identified by durable marking.
4.5.13.3 The following information shall appear on the rating label of the complete
equipment and shall be visible after installation:
a) Manufacturer’s or supplier’s name or trademark
b) Type and serial number
c) Mains supply input
- rated voltage (in volts);
- rated frequency (in hertz);
- number of phases;
d) Supply fuse or circuit-breaker rating
e) Output
- rated system (in volts);
- rated current (in amperes);
- rated power (in watts or volt-amperes);
- minimum supply voltage ...... (in volts) after duration of .... (in
hours);
- time at rated load (in hours);
- rated temperature of battery (in degrees Celsius).
g) Battery type and number of cells
4.5.13.4 The earth terminal shall be durably identified by the protective earth (ground)
symbol.
Where this symbol appears on a label, the label shall be permanently attached
to the main body of the equipment adjacent to the earth terminal.
4.5.13.5 Central inverters shall be clearly and durably marked with the following
information:
a) Manufacturer’s or supplier’s name or trademark
b) Type and serial number
c) Mains supply input
- rated voltage (in volts);
- rated frequency (in hertz);

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- rated current;
- number of phases;
d) Output
- rated voltage (in r.m.s. volts);
- maximum load (in volt-amperes);
- minimum load (in volt-amperes);
- rated power (in watts) for duration (in hours);
- rated frequency (in hertz);
- power factor range;
- waveform description (non-sinusoidal shall be identified);
- harmonic distortion;
e) Maximum battery input ripple current (if applicable).
Compliance with clauses 4.5.13.2 to 4.5.13.5 shall be checked by inspection
and test.
4.5.14 Warning labels
4.5.14.1 A safety sign acceptable to National Requirements shall be fixed externally to
every panel or door giving access to live parts.
4.5.14.2 Where vented cells are used:
- a label indicating whether a battery of the alkaline of the acid type is
fitted and the treatment required after contact with the electrolyte shall be
fixed in a visible position within the battery enclosure;
- a label warning or explosion risks caused by naked flames shall be fixed
in a visible position on the exterior of the battery enclosure.
4.5.14.3 An external warning label shall state “Isolation of the normal supply to the
equipment may not make it safe for maintenance purposes”.
NOTE: Such warnings are necessary because, for example, non-illumination of an indicator
lamp does not always indicate that a circuit is dead, and a circuit still alive could present a
hazard to maintenance personnel.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
4.5.14.4 Equipment sited in a secure area
When equipment is sited in a secure area, a warning sign showing an electrical
equipment hazard shall be displayed as required by the local authority.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
4.6 Information for Installation and Operation of Central Power Supply
Systems
The system shall be provided with installation safety and operating
instructions.

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The preliminary draft of this standard has been developed by the work team composed of:

Name Agency
1. Eng. M. J. Yousef Saudi Lighting Company

The draft standard was studied and the comments received thereon from concerned bodies
discussed. It has been adopted, in its present from, by the following members of Technical
Committee No. (4).

Name Agency
1. Dr. Mohamed Salah SMIAI King Abdul Aziz City for Sciences
and Technology (KACST)
2. Dr. Ibrahim O. Habiballah King Fahd University
Petroleum & Minerals - Dhahran
3. Dr. Abdul Rahman Ibrahim Alolah King Saud University - Riyadh
4. Eng. Abdul Rahman Saddiq Al-Fattani Saudi Arabia Airlines - Jeddah
5. Eng. Mohamed J. Yousef Saudi Lighting Co. - Riyadh
6. Eng. Ahmad H. Mohana EC
7. Eng. Ibraheem Al-Rathakany Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs
8. Mohamed El Sawy Farahat SASO

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