Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first

assessment in 2025

Introduction

This document compares learning objectives between Core and Extended tier in IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first
assessment 2025. The purpose of this document is to help teachers understand how understanding, techniques and
skills progress across the two tiers of subject content. This document is intended to support teachers in planning their
teaching and being aware of common areas of content and distinct areas of content. This document does not replace
the appropriate syllabus document.

Please see the syllabus for the appropriate year of teaching before planning your course.

You must read the whole syllabus before planning your teaching programme.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025
0580 (2025 – 2027 v) July 2023
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content

1 Number 1 Number
C1.1 Types of number E1.1 Types of number Identical content in both tiers.
Identify and use: Identify and use:
• natural numbers • natural numbers
• integers (positive, zero and negative) • integers (positive, zero and negative)
• prime numbers • prime numbers
• square numbers • square numbers
• cube numbers • cube numbers
• common factors • common factors
• common multiples • common multiples
• rational and irrational numbers • rational and irrational numbers
• reciprocals. • reciprocals.
Example tasks include: Example tasks include:
• convert between numbers and words, e.g. six billion is • convert between numbers and words, e.g. six billion is
6 000 000 000 6 000 000 000
10 007 is ten thousand and seven 10 007 is ten thousand and seven
• express 72 as a product of its prime factors • express 72 as a product of its prime factors
• find the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers • find the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers
• find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of two • find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of two
numbers. numbers.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 2
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.2 Sets E1.2 Sets Some notation is assessed at the Extended tier but
Understand and use set language, notation and Venn Understand and use set language, notation and Venn not the Core tier.
diagrams to describe sets. diagrams to describe sets and represent relationships
Venn diagrams are limited to two sets. between sets.
The following set notation will be used: Venn diagrams are limited to two or three sets.
• n(A) Number of elements in set A The following set notation will be used:
• A′ Complement of set A • n(A) Number of elements in set A
•E Universal set • ∈ “… is an element of …”
• A ∪ B Union of A and B • ∉ “ …is not an element of …”
• A ∩ B Intersection of A and B. • A′ Complement of set A
Example definition of sets: •∅ The empty set
A = {x: x is a natural number} •E Universal set
B = {a, b, c, …} • A ⊆ B A is a subset of B
C = {x: a ⩽ x ⩽ b}. • A ⊈ B A is not a subset of B
• A ∪ B Union of A and B
• A ∩ B Intersection of A and B.

Example definition of sets:

A = {x: x is a natural number}
B = {(x, y): y = mx + c}
C = {x: a ⩽ x ⩽ b}.
D = {a, b, c, …}.
C1.3 Powers and roots E1.3 Powers and roots Identical content in both tiers.
Calculate with the following: Calculate with the following:
• squares • squares
• square roots • square roots
• cubes • cubes
• cube roots • cube roots
• other powers and roots of numbers. • other powers and roots of numbers.
Includes recall of squares and their corresponding roots Includes recall of squares and their corresponding roots
from 1 to 15 and cubes and their corresponding roots from 1 to 15 and cubes and their corresponding roots
from 1 to 5, and 10, e.g.: from 1 to 5, and 10, e.g.:
• Write down the value of √169 • Write down the value of √169
3 3
• Work out 52 × √8. • Work out 52 × √8.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 3
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages E1.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages Extended tier content includes recurring decimals
1 Use the language and notation of the following in 1 Use the language and notation of the following in whereas Core tier does not.
appropriate contexts: appropriate contexts:
• proper fractions • proper fractions
• improper fractions • improper fractions
• mixed numbers • mixed numbers
• decimals • decimals
• percentages. • percentages.
Candidates are expected to be able to write fractions in Candidates are expected to be able to write fractions in
their simplest form. their simplest form.
Candidates are not expected to use recurring decimal Recurring decimal notation is required, e.g.
notation. • 0.17̇ = 0.1777 …
• 0.12̇ 3̇ = 0.1232323 …
����� = 0.123123 …
• 0. 123

2 Recognise equivalence and convert between these 2 Recognise equivalence and convert between these
forms. forms.
Candidates are not expected to demonstrate the Includes converting between recurring decimals and
conversion of a recurring decimal to a fraction and vice fractions and vice versa,
versa. e.g. write 0.17̇ as a fraction.
C1.5 Ordering E1.5 Ordering Identical content in both tiers.
Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate
familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, >, < , ⩾ and ⩽ . familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, >, < , ⩾ and ⩽ .
C1.6 The four operations E1.6 The four operations Identical content in both tiers.
Use the four operations for calculations with integers, Use the four operations for calculations with integers,
fractions and decimals, including correct ordering of fractions and decimals, including correct ordering of
operations and use of brackets. operations and use of brackets.
Includes: Includes:
• negative numbers • negative numbers
• improper fractions • improper fractions
• mixed numbers • mixed numbers
• practical situations, e.g. temperature changes. • practical situations, e.g. temperature changes.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 4
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.7 Indices I E1.7 Indices I Extended tier content includes fraction powers
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero and 1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero, negative, whereas Core tier does not.
negative integers). and fractional).
e.g. find the value of 7−2 . Examples include:
1
• 62 = √6
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. 1
4
e.g. find the value of 2−3 × 24 , (23 )4 , 23 ÷ 24 . • 164 = √16
1 2
• find the value of 7−2 , 812 , 8−3 .

2 Understand and use the rules of indices.

e.g. find the value of 2−3 × 24 , (23 )4 , 23 ÷ 24 .
C1.8 Standard form E1.8 Standard form Extended tier candidates may be required to
1 Use the standard form A × 10n where n is a positive or 1 Use the standard form A × 10n where n is a positive or calculate on either Paper 2 (non-calculator) or Paper
negative integer and 1 ⩽ A < 10. negative integer and 1 ⩽ A < 10. 4 (calculator), whereas Core tier only expected to do
so on Paper 3 (calculator).
2 Convert numbers into and out of standard form. 2 Convert numbers into and out of standard form.

3 Calculate with values in standard form. 3 Calculate with values in standard form.
Core candidates are expected to calculate with standard
form only on Paper 3.
C1.9 Estimation E1.9 Estimation Identical content in both tiers.
1 Round values to a specified degree of accuracy. 1 Round values to a specified degree of accuracy.
Includes decimal places and significant figures. Includes decimal places and significant figures.
e.g. write 5764 correct to the nearest thousand. e.g. write 5764 correct to the nearest thousand.

2 Make estimates for calculations involving numbers, 2 Make estimates for calculations involving numbers,
quantities and measurements. quantities and measurements.
e.g. by writing each number correct to 1 significant e.g. by writing each number correct to 1 significant
41.3 41.3
figure, estimate the value of . figure, estimate the value of .
9.79×0.765 9.79×0.765

3 Round answers to a reasonable degree of accuracy in 3 Round answers to a reasonable degree of accuracy in
the context of a given problem. the context of a given problem.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 5
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.10 Limits of accuracy E1.10 Limits of accuracy Extended tier content includes finding upper and
Give upper and lower bounds for data rounded to a 1 Give upper and lower bounds for data rounded to a lower bounds of the results of calculators whereas
specified accuracy. specified accuracy. Core tier does not.
e.g. write down the upper bound of a length measured e.g. write down the upper bound of a length measured
correct to the nearest metre. correct to the nearest metre.
Candidates are not expected to find the bounds of the
results of calculations which have used data rounded to 2 Find upper and lower bounds of the results of
a specified accuracy. calculations which have used data rounded to a
specified accuracy.
Example calculations include:
• calculate the upper bound of the perimeter or the area
of a rectangle given dimensions measured to the
nearest centimetre
• find the lower bound of the speed given rounded
values of distance and time.
C1.11 Ratio and proportion E1.11 Ratio and proportion Identical content in both tiers.
Understand and use ratio and proportion to: Understand and use ratio and proportion to:
• give ratios in their simplest form • give ratios in their simplest form
e.g. 20:30:40 in its simplest form is 2:3:4. e.g. 20:30:40 in its simplest form is 2:3:4.
• divide a quantity in a given ratio • divide a quantity in a given ratio
• use proportional reasoning and ratios in context. • use proportional reasoning and ratios in context.
e.g. adapt recipes; use map scales; determine best e.g. adapt recipes; use map scales; determine best
value. value.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 6
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.12 Rates E1.12 Rates Identical content in both tiers.
1 Use common measures of rate. 1 Use common measures of rate.
e.g. calculate with: e.g. calculate with:
• hourly rates of pay • hourly rates of pay
• exchange rates between currencies • exchange rates between currencies
• flow rates • flow rates
• fuel consumption. • fuel consumption.

2 Apply other measures of rate. 2 Apply other measures of rate.

e.g. calculate with: e.g. calculate with:
• pressure • pressure
• density • density
• population density. • population density.
Required formulas will be given in the question. Required formulas will be given in the question.

3 Solve problems involving average speed. 3 Solve problems involving average speed.
Knowledge of speed/distance/time formula is required. Knowledge of speed/distance/time formula is required.
e.g. A cyclist travels 45km in 3 hours 45 minutes. What is e.g. A cyclist travels 45km in 3 hours 45 minutes. What
their average speed? is their average speed?
Notation used will be, e.g. m/s (metres per second), Notation used will be, e.g. m/s (metres per second),
g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimetre). g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimetre).

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 7
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.13 Percentages E1.13 Percentages Extended tier content includes repeated percentage
1 Calculate a given percentage of a quantity. 1 Calculate a given percentage of a quantity. change and reverse percentages whereas Core tier
does not.
2 Express one quantity as a percentage of another. 2 Express one quantity as a percentage of another.

3 Calculate percentage increase or decrease. 3 Calculate percentage increase or decrease.

4 Calculate with simple and compound interest. 4 Calculate with simple and compound interest.
Formulas are not given. Problems may include repeated percentage change.
Formulas are not given.
Percentage calculations may include:
• deposit 5 Calculate using reverse percentages.
• discount e.g. find the cost price given the selling price and the
• profit and loss (as an amount or a percentage) percentage profit.
• earnings
• percentages over 100%. Percentage calculations may include:
• deposit
• discount
• profit and loss (as an amount or a percentage)
• earnings
• percentages over 100%.
C1.14 Using a calculator E1.14 Using a calculator Identical content in both tiers.
1 Use a calculator efficiently. 1 Use a calculator efficiently.
e.g. know not to round values within a calculation and to e.g. know not to round values within a calculation and to
only round the final answer. only round the final answer.

2 Enter values appropriately on a calculator. 2 Enter values appropriately on a calculator.

e.g. enter 2 hours 30 minutes as 2.5 hours or 2°30’0’’. e.g. enter 2 hours 30 minutes as 2.5 hours or 2°30’0’’.

3 Interpret the calculator display appropriately. 3 Interpret the calculator display appropriately.
e.g. in money 4.8 means $4.80; in time 3.25 means 3 e.g. in money 4.8 means $4.80; in time 3.25 means 3
hours 15 minutes. hours 15 minutes.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 8
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C1.15 Time E1.15 Time Identical content in both tiers.
1 Calculate with time: seconds (s), minutes (min), hours 1 Calculate with time: seconds (s), minutes (min), hours
(h), days, weeks, months, years, including the (h), days, weeks, months, years, including the
relationship between units. relationship between units.
1 year = 365 days. 1 year = 365 days.

2 Calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and 12-hour 2 Calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and 12-hour
clock. clock.
In the 24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be In the 24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be
denoted by 03 15 and 3.15 p.m. by 15 15. denoted by 03 15 and 3.15 p.m. by 15 15.

3 Read clocks and timetables. 3 Read clocks and timetables.

Includes problems involving time zones, local times and Includes problems involving time zones, local times and
time differences. time differences.
C1.16 Money E1.16 Money Identical content in both tiers.
1 Calculate with money. 1 Calculate with money.

2 Convert from one currency to another. 2 Convert from one currency to another.
C1.17 Extended content only. E1.17 Exponential growth and decay Only in Extended tier.
Use exponential growth and decay.
e.g. depreciation, population change.
Knowledge of e is not required.
C1.18 Extended content only. E1.18 Surds Only in Extended tier. New content in Y25-Y27.
1 Understand and use surds, including simplifying
expressions.
Examples include:
• √20 = 2√5
• √200 − √32 = 6√2.

2 Rationalise the denominator.

Examples include:
10
• = 2√5
√5
1 1+√3
• = .
−1+√3 2

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 9
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content

2 Algebra and graphs 2 Algebra and graphs

C2.1 Introduction to algebra E2.1 Introduction to algebra Identical content in both tiers.
1 Know that letters can be used to represent generalised 1 Know that letters can be used to represent generalised
numbers. numbers.

2 Substitute numbers into expressions and formulas. 2 Substitute numbers into expressions and formulas.
C2.2 Algebraic manipulation E2.2 Algebraic manipulation Extended tier content includes simplifying, expanding
1 Simplify expressions by collecting like terms. 1 Simplify expressions by collecting like terms. and factorising more complicated expressions than
Simplify means give the answer in its simplest form, Simplify means give the answer in its simplest form, Core tier and also completing the square which is not
e.g. 2𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏 + 5𝑎𝑎 − 9𝑏𝑏 = 7𝑎𝑎 − 6𝑏𝑏. e.g. 2𝑎𝑎2 + 3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 1 + 5𝑎𝑎2 − 9𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 4 = 7𝑎𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 3. in Core tier.

2 Expand products of algebraic expressions. 2 Expand products of algebraic expressions.

e.g. expand 3𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦). e.g. expand 3𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦, (3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)(𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦).
Includes products of two brackets involving one variable, Includes products of two brackets involving one variable,
e.g. expand (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(𝑥𝑥 − 4). e.g. expand (𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥𝑥 + 1).

3 Factorise by extracting common factors. 3 Factorise by extracting common factors.

Factorise means factorise fully, Factorise means factorise fully,
e.g. 9𝑥𝑥 2 + 15𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥(3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦). e.g. 9𝑥𝑥 2 + 15𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥(3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦).

4 Factorise expressions of the form:

• 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
• 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 𝑦𝑦 2
• 𝑎𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 2
• 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐.
• 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.

5 Complete the square for expressions in the form

𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 10
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.3 Extended content only. E2.3 Algebraic fractions Only in Extended tier.
1 Manipulate algebraic fractions.
Examples include:
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥−4
• +
3 2
2𝑥𝑥 3(𝑥𝑥−5)
• − 2
3
3𝑎𝑎 9𝑎𝑎
• 4
×
10
3𝑎𝑎 9𝑎𝑎
• 4
÷
10
1 𝑥𝑥+1
• 𝑥𝑥−2
+
𝑥𝑥−3

2 Factorise and simplify rational expressions.

𝑥𝑥 2 −2𝑥𝑥
e.g.
𝑥𝑥 2 −5𝑥𝑥+6
C2.4 Indices II E2.4 Indices II Extended tier content includes fractional indices and
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero and 1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero, negative more complicated expressions than Core tier.
negative). and fractional).
e.g. 2𝑥𝑥 = 32. Find the value of 𝑥𝑥. e.g. solve:
• 32𝑥𝑥 = 2
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. • 5𝑥𝑥+1 = 25𝑥𝑥 .
e.g. simplify: 2 Understand and use the rules of indices.
• (5𝑥𝑥 3 )2 e.g. simplify:
1
• 12𝑎𝑎5 ÷ 3𝑎𝑎 –2 2
• 3𝑥𝑥 −4 × 𝑥𝑥 2
• 6𝑥𝑥 7 𝑦𝑦 4 × 5𝑥𝑥 –5 𝑦𝑦. 1
3
Knowledge of logarithms is not required. 2
• 𝑥𝑥 2 ÷ 2𝑥𝑥 −2
5
3
2𝑥𝑥 5
•� 3
�
Knowledge of logarithms is not required.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 11
 C2.5 Equations E2.5 Equations Extended tier content includes more complicated
1 Construct simple expressions, equations and formulas. 1 Construct expressions, equations and formulas. expressions, equations and formulas than Core tier,
e.g. write an expression for a number that is 2 more than e.g. write an expression for the product of two and also fractional equations and simultaneous
𝑛𝑛. Includes constructing linear simultaneous equations. consecutive even numbers. equations where one is non-linear. Extended tier
Includes constructing simultaneous equations. content includes solving quadratic equations by
2 Solve linear equations in one unknown. various methods.
Examples include 2 Solve linear equations in one unknown.
• 3𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 10 Examples include:
• 5 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 3(𝑥𝑥 + 7). • 3𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 10
• 5 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 3(𝑥𝑥 + 7)
3 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns.
3 Solve fractional equations with numerical and linear
4 Change the subject of simple formulas. algebraic denominators.
e.g. change the subject of formulas where: Examples include:
𝑥𝑥
• the subject only appears once • =4
• there is not a power or root of the subject. 2𝑥𝑥+1
2 3
• 𝑥𝑥+2 + 2𝑥𝑥−1 = 1
𝑥𝑥 3
• 𝑥𝑥+2 = 𝑥𝑥−6.

4 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns.

5 Solve simultaneous equations, involving one linear

and one non-linear.
With powers no higher than two.

6 Solve quadratic equations by factorisation, completing

the square and by use of the quadratic formula.
Includes writing a quadratic expression in completed
square form.
Candidates may be expected to give solutions in surd
form.
The quadratic formula will be given in the List of
formulas.

7 Change the subject of formulas.

e.g. change the subject of a formula where:
• the subject appears twice
• there is a power or root of the subject.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 12
 C2.6 Inequalities E2.6 Inequalities Inequalities are new in Core tier for Y25-Y27.
Represent and interpret inequalities, including on a 1 Represent and interpret inequalities, including on a Extended tier content also includes constructing and
number line. number line. solving linear inequalities, representing graphically
When representing and interpreting inequalities on a When representing and interpreting inequalities on a linear inequalities in two variables and defining a
number line: number line: region using inequalities.
• open circles should be used to represent strict • open circles should be used to represent strict
inequalities (<, >) inequalities (<, >)
• closed circles should be used to represent inclusive • closed circles should be used to represent inclusive
inequalities (⩽, ⩾). inequalities (⩽, ⩾).
e.g. − 3 ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 < 1 e.g. − 3 ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 < 1

2 Construct, solve and interpret linear inequalities.

Examples include:
• 3𝑥𝑥 < 2𝑥𝑥 + 4
• −3 ⩽ 3𝑥𝑥 − 2 < 7.

3 Represent linear inequalities in two variables

graphically.
The following conventions should be used:
• broken lines should be used to represent strict
inequalities (<, >)
• solid lines should be used to represent inclusive
inequalities (⩽, ⩾)
• shading should be used to represent unwanted regions
(unless otherwise directed in the question).
e.g.

4 List inequalities that define a given region.

Linear programming problems are not included.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 13
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.7 Sequences E2.7 Sequences Extended tier content includes the use of notation,
1 Continue a given number sequence or pattern. 1 Continue a given number sequence or pattern. and more complicated examples of sequences than
e.g. write the next two terms in this sequence: Subscript notation may be used, e.g. Tn is the nth term in Core tier.
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, … , … of sequence T.

2 Recognise patterns in sequences, including the term- 2 Recognise patterns in sequences, including the term-
to-term rule, and relationships between different to-term rule, and relationships between different
sequences. sequences.
Includes linear, quadratic, cubic and exponential
sequences and simple combinations of these.

3 Find and use the nth term of the following sequences: 3 Find and use the nth term of sequences.
(a) linear
(b) simple quadratic
e.g. find the nth term of 2, 5, 10, 17
(c) simple cubic.
C2.8 Extended content only. E2.8 Proportion Only in Extended tier.
Express direct and inverse proportion in algebraic terms
and use this form of expression to find unknown
quantities.
Includes linear, square, square root, cube and cube root
proportion.
Knowledge of proportional symbol (∝) is required.

Tiering content guide for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) for first assessment in 2025 14
 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.9 Graphs in practical situations E2.9 Graphs in practical situations Extended tier content includes rate of change and
1 Use and interpret graphs in practical situations 1 Use and interpret graphs in practical situations calculating distance travelled whereas Core tier does
including travel graphs and conversion graphs. including travel graphs and conversion graphs. not.
e.g. interpret the gradient of a straight-line graph as a Includes estimation and interpretation of the gradient of
rate of change. a tangent at a point.

2 Draw graphs from given data. 2 Draw graphs from given data.
e.g. draw a distance–time graph to represent a journey.
3 Apply the idea of rate of change to simple kinematics
involving distance–time and speed–time graphs,
acceleration and deceleration.

4 Calculate distance travelled as area under a speed–

time graph.
Areas will involve linear sections of the graph only.
C2.10 Graphs of functions E2.10 Graphs of functions Extended tier content includes more complicated
1 Construct tables of values, and draw, recognise and 1 Construct tables of values, and draw, recognise and types of polynomial graph than Core tier as well as
interpret graphs for functions of the following forms: interpret graphs for functions of the following forms: exponential graphs.
• 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 • 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 (includes sums of no more than three of these)
• ± 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 • 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎 1 1
• (𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0) where 𝑛𝑛 = −2, −1, − , 0, , 1, 2, 3; 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑐𝑐 are rational
𝑥𝑥 2 2
where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are integer constants. numbers; and 𝑏𝑏 is a positive integer.
Examples include:
2 Solve associated equations graphically, including • 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4
finding and interpreting roots by graphical methods. 3
e.g. find the intersection of a line and a curve.
• 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 2
𝑥𝑥
1
• 𝑦𝑦 = 4 × 2𝑥𝑥

2 Solve associated equations graphically, including

finding and interpreting roots by graphical methods.
e.g. finding the intersection of a line and a curve.

3 Draw and interpret graphs representing exponential

growth and decay problems.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.11 Sketching curves E2.11 Sketching curves Extended tier content includes cubic, reciprocal and
Recognise, sketch and interpret graphs of the following Recognise, sketch and interpret graphs of the following exponential graphs and their properties whereas
functions: functions: Core tier does not.
(a) linear (a) linear
(b) quadratic. (b) quadratic
Knowledge of symmetry and roots is required. (c) cubic
Knowledge of turning points is not required. (d) reciprocal
(e) exponential.
Where 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐, and 𝑑𝑑 are rational numbers, functions will
be equivalent to:
• 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐,
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐,
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑑𝑑,
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
Where 𝑚𝑚 and 𝑛𝑛 are integers, functions will be equivalent
to:
𝑚𝑚
• 𝑦𝑦 = + 𝑛𝑛
𝑥𝑥
• 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑛𝑛
Knowledge of turning points, vertical and horizontal
asymptotes, roots and symmetry is required.
Finding turning points of quadratics by completing the
square may be required.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.12 Extended content only. E2.12 Differentiation Only in Extended tier.
1 Estimate gradients of curves by drawing tangents.

2 Use the derivatives of functions of the form 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 ,

where 𝑎𝑎 is a rational constant and 𝑛𝑛 is a positive integer
or zero, and simple sums of not more than three of
these.
d𝑦𝑦
notation will be expected.
d𝑥𝑥

3 Apply differentiation to gradients and stationary points

(turning points).

4 Discriminate between maxima and minima by any

method.
Maximum and minimum points may be identified by:
• an accurate sketch
• use of the second differential
• inspecting the gradient either side of a turning point.
Candidates are not expected to identify points of
inflection.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C2.13 Extended content only. E2.13 Functions Only in Extended tier.
1 Understand functions, domain and range and use
function notation.
Examples include:
• f(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 – 5
3(𝑥𝑥 + 4)
• g(𝑥𝑥) =
5
• h(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3.

2 Understand and find inverse functions f −1 (𝑥𝑥).

3 Form composite functions as defined by

gf(𝑥𝑥) = g(f(𝑥𝑥)).
3
e.g. f(𝑥𝑥) = and g(𝑥𝑥) = (3𝑥𝑥 + 5)2 . Find fg(𝑥𝑥).
𝑥𝑥+2
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
Candidates are not expected to find the domains and
ranges of composite functions.
This topic may include mapping diagrams.

3 Coordinate geometry 3 Coordinate geometry

C3.1 Coordinates E3.1 Coordinates Identical content in both tiers.
Use and interpret Cartesian coordinates in two Use and interpret Cartesian coordinates in two
dimensions. dimensions.
C3.2 Drawing linear graphs E3.2 Drawing linear graphs In Extended tier content, equations are not always
Draw straight-line graphs for linear equations. Draw straight-line graphs for linear equations. given with 𝑦𝑦 as the subject whereas they are in Core
Equations will be given in the form 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐 Examples include: tier.
(e.g. 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 5), unless a table of values is given. • 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 5
• 𝑦𝑦 = 7 − 4𝑥𝑥
• 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 5.
C3.3 Gradient of linear graphs E3.3 Gradient of linear graphs Gradient may be found from the coordinates of two
Find the gradient of a straight line. 1 Find the gradient of a straight line. points in Extended tier, but not in Core tier.
From a grid only.
2 Calculate the gradient of a straight line from the
coordinates of two points on it.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C3.4 Extended content only. E3.4 Length and midpoint Only in Extended tier.
1 Calculate the length of a line segment.

2 Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment.

C3.5 Equations of linear graphs E3.5 Equations of linear graphs Extended tier content Includes linear equations given
Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight-line graph Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight-line graph. in different forms whereas Core tier does not.
in the form 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + c. Questions may:
Questions may: • use and request lines in different forms, e.g.
• use and request lines in the forms 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑘𝑘
• involve finding the equation when the graph is given • involve finding the equation when the graph is given
• ask for the gradient or 𝑦𝑦-intercept of a graph from an • ask for the gradient or 𝑦𝑦-intercept of a graph from an
equation, e.g. find the gradient and 𝑦𝑦-intercept of the equation, e.g. find the gradient and 𝑦𝑦-intercept of the
graph with the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑥 + 3. graph with equation 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 8.
Candidates are expected to give equations of a line in a Candidates are expected to give equations of a line in a
fully simplified form. fully simplified form.
C3.6 Parallel lines E3.6 Parallel lines Identical content in both tiers.
Find the gradient and equation of a straight line parallel Find the gradient and equation of a straight line parallel
to a given line. to a given line.
e.g. find the equation of the line parallel to e.g. find the equation of the line parallel to
𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 − 1 that passes through (1, −3). 𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 − 1 that passes through (1, −3).
C3.7 Extended content only. E3.7 Perpendicular lines Only in Extended tier.
Find the gradient and equation of a straight line
perpendicular to a given line.
Examples include:
• find the gradient of a line perpendicular to
2𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1
• find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the
line joining the points (−3, 8) and (9, −2).

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
4 Geometry 4 Geometry
C4.1 Geometrical terms E4.1 Geometrical terms Extended tier content additionally includes the terms
1 Use and interpret the following geometrical terms: 1 Use and interpret the following geometrical terms: plane, perpendicular bisector and more complicated
• point • point solids than Core tier, e.g. hemisphere and frustum.
• vertex • vertex Major and minor arcs are distinguished in Extended
• line • line tier but not in Core tier.
• parallel • plane
• perpendicular • parallel
• bearing • perpendicular
• right angle • perpendicular bisector
• acute, obtuse and reflex angles • bearing
• interior and exterior angles • right angle
• similar • acute, obtuse and reflex angles
• congruent • interior and exterior angles
• scale factor. • similar
Candidates are not expected to show that two shapes • congruent
are congruent. • scale factor.
Candidates are not expected to show that two shapes
are congruent.

2 Use and interpret the vocabulary of: 2 Use and interpret the vocabulary of:
• triangles • triangles
• special quadrilaterals • special quadrilaterals
• polygons • polygons
• nets • nets
• simple solids. • solids.
Includes the following terms: Includes the following terms:
Triangles: Triangles:
• equilateral • equilateral
• isosceles • isosceles
• scalene • scalene
• right-angled. • right-angled.
Quadrilaterals: Quadrilaterals:
• square • square
• rectangle • rectangle
• kite • kite

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
• rhombus • rhombus
• parallelogram • parallelogram
• trapezium. • trapezium.
Polygons: Polygons:
• regular and irregular polygons • regular and irregular polygons
• pentagon • pentagon
• hexagon • hexagon
• octagon • octagon
• decagon. • decagon.
Simple solids: Solids:
• cube • cube
• cuboid • cuboid
• prism • prism
• cylinder • cylinder
• pyramid • pyramid
• cone • cone
• sphere (term ‘hemisphere’ not required) • sphere
• face • hemisphere
• surface • frustum
• edge. • face
• surface
• edge.

3 Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle. 3 Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle.
Includes the following terms: Includes the following terms:
• centre • centre
• radius (plural radii) • radius (plural radii)
• diameter • diameter
• circumference • circumference
• semicircle • semicircle
• chord • chord
• tangent • tangent
• arc • major and minor arc
• sector • sector
• segment. • segment.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C4.2 Geometrical constructions E4.2 Geometrical constructions Identical content in both tiers.
1 Measure and draw lines and angles. 1 Measure and draw lines and angles.
A ruler should be used for all straight edges. A ruler should be used for all straight edges.
Constructions of perpendicular bisectors and angle Constructions of perpendicular bisectors and angle
bisectors are not required. bisectors are not required.

2 Construct a triangle, given the lengths of all sides, 2 Construct a triangle, given the lengths of all sides,
using a ruler and pair of compasses only. using a ruler and pair of compasses only.
e.g. construct a rhombus by drawing two triangles. e.g. construct a rhombus by drawing two triangles.
Construction arcs must be shown. Construction arcs must be shown.

3 Draw, use and interpret nets. 3 Draw, use and interpret nets.
Examples include: Examples include:
• draw nets of cubes, cuboids, prisms and pyramids. • draw nets of cubes, cuboids, prisms and pyramids.
• use measurements from nets to calculate volumes and • use measurements from nets to calculate volumes and
surface areas. surface areas.
C4.3 Scale drawings E4.3 Scale drawings Identical content in both tiers.
1 Draw and interpret scale drawings. 1 Draw and interpret scale drawings.
A ruler must be used for all straight edges. A ruler must be used for all straight edges.

2 Use and interpret three-figure bearings. 2 Use and interpret three-figure bearings.
Bearings are measured clockwise from north (000° to Bearings are measured clockwise from north (000° to
360°) 360°)
e.g. find the bearing of A from B if the bearing of B from e.g. find the bearing of A from B if the bearing of B from
A is 025°. A is 025°.
Includes an understanding of the terms north, east, Includes an understanding of the terms north, east,
south and west. south and west.
e.g. point D is due east of point C. e.g. point D is due east of point C.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C4.4 Similarity E4.4 Similarity Extended tier content includes areas of shapes,
Calculate lengths of similar shapes. 1 Calculate lengths of similar shapes. surface areas and volumes of solids and problem-
solving whereas Core tier does not.
2 Use the relationships between lengths and areas of
similar shapes and lengths, surface areas and volumes
of similar solids.
Includes use of scale factor, e.g.
Volume of 𝐴𝐴 (Length of 𝐴𝐴)3
Volume of 𝐵𝐵
= (Length of 𝐵𝐵)3.

3 Solve problems and give simple explanations involving

similarity.
Includes showing that two triangles are similar using
geometric reasons.
C4.5 Symmetry E4.5 Symmetry Extended tier content includes the symmetry
Recognise line symmetry and order of rotational 1 Recognise line symmetry and order of rotational properties of certain solids whereas Core tier does
symmetry in two dimensions. symmetry in two dimensions. not.
Includes properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and Includes properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and
polygons directly related to their symmetries. polygons directly related to their symmetries.

2 Recognise symmetry properties of prisms, cylinders,

pyramids and cones.
e.g. identify planes and axes of symmetry.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C4.6 Angles E4.6 Angles Extended tier content also includes angle properties
1 Calculate unknown angles and give simple 1 Calculate unknown angles and give simple of irregular polygons.
explanations using the following geometrical properties: explanations using the following geometrical properties:
• sum of angles at a point = 360° • sum of angles at a point = 360°
• sum of angles at a point on a straight line = 180° • sum of angles at a point on a straight line = 180°
• vertically opposite angles are equal • vertically opposite angles are equal
• angle sum of a triangle = 180° and angle sum of a • angle sum of a triangle = 180° and angle sum of a
quadrilateral = 360°. quadrilateral = 360°.
Knowledge of 3-letter notation for angles is required, e.g. Knowledge of 3-letter notation for angles is required, e.g.
angle ABC. Candidates will be expected to use the angle ABC. Candidates will be expected to use the
correct geometrical terminology when giving reasons for correct geometrical terminology when giving reasons for
answers. answers.

2 Calculate unknown angles and give geometric 2 Calculate unknown angles and give geometric
explanations for angles formed within parallel lines: explanations for angles formed within parallel lines:
• corresponding angles are equal • corresponding angles are equal
• alternate angles are equal • alternate angles are equal
• co-interior (supplementary) angles sum to 180°. • co-interior (supplementary) angles sum to 180°.

3 Know and use angle properties of regular polygons. 3 Know and use angle properties of regular and irregular
Includes exterior and interior angles, and angle sum. polygons.
Includes exterior and interior angles, and angle sum.
C4.7 Circle theorems E4.7 Circle theorems I Circle theorems are new in Core tier for Y25-Y27.
Calculate unknown angles and give explanations using Calculate unknown angles and give explanations using Extended tier includes a longer list of theorems than
the following geometrical properties of circles: the following geometrical properties of circles: Core tier.
• angle in a semicircle = 90° • angle in a semicircle = 90°
• angle between tangent and radius = 90°. • angle between tangent and radius = 90°
Candidates will be expected to use the geometrical • angle at the centre is twice the angle at the
properties listed in the syllabus when giving reasons for circumference
answers. • angles in the same segment are equal
• opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180°
(supplementary)
• alternate segment theorem.
Candidates will be expected to use the geometrical
properties listed in the syllabus when giving reasons for
answers.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C4.8 Extended content only. E4.8 Circle theorems II Only in Extended tier.
Use the following symmetry properties of circles:
• equal chords are equidistant from the centre
• the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre
• tangents from an external point are equal in length.
Candidates will be expected to use the geometrical
properties listed in the syllabus when giving reasons for
answers.
5 Mensuration 5 Mensuration
C5.1 Units of measure E5.1 Units of measure Identical content in both tiers.
Use metric units of mass, length, area, volume and Use metric units of mass, length, area, volume and
capacity in practical situations and convert quantities into capacity in practical situations and convert quantities
larger or smaller units. into larger or smaller units.
Units include: Units include:
• mm, cm, m, km • mm, cm, m, km
• mm2 , cm2 , m2 , km2 • mm2 , cm2 , m2 , km2
• mm3 , cm3 , m3 • mm3 , cm3 , m3
• ml, l • ml, l
• g, kg. • g, kg.
Conversion between units includes: Conversion between units includes:
• between different units of area, e.g. cm2 ↔ m2 • between different units of area, e.g. cm2 ↔ m2
• between units of volume and capacity, • between units of volume and capacity,
e.g. m3 ↔ litres. e.g. m3 ↔ litres.
C5.2 Area and perimeter E5.2 Area and perimeter Identical content in both tiers.
Carry out calculations involving the perimeter and area Carry out calculations involving the perimeter and area
of a rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and trapezium. of a rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and trapezium.
Except for area of a triangle, formulas are not given. Except for the area of a triangle, formulas are not given.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C5.3 Circles, arcs and sectors E5.3 Circles, arcs and sectors The distinction is made between minor and major
1 Carry out calculations involving the circumference and 1 Carry out calculations involving the circumference and sectors in Extended tier content but not in Core tier.
area of a circle. area of a circle.
Answers may be asked for in terms of π. Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
Formulas are given in the List of formulas. Formulas are given in the List of formulas.

2 Carry out calculations involving arc length and sector 2 Carry out calculations involving arc length and sector
area as fractions of the circumference and area of a area as fractions of the circumference and area of a
circle, where the sector angle is a factor of 360°. circle.
Includes minor and major sectors.
C5.4 Surface area and volume E5.4 Surface area and volume Identical content in both tiers.
Carry out calculations and solve problems involving the Carry out calculations and solve problems involving the
surface area and volume of a: surface area and volume of a:
• cuboid • cuboid
• prism • prism
• cylinder • cylinder
• sphere • sphere
• pyramid • pyramid
• cone. • cone.
Answers may be asked for in terms of π. Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
The following formulas are given in the List of formulas: The following formulas are given in the List of formulas:
• curved surface area of a cylinder • curved surface area of a cylinder
• curved surface area of a cone • curved surface area of a cone
• surface area of a sphere • surface area of a sphere
• volume of a prism • volume of a prism
• volume of a pyramid • volume of a pyramid
• volume of a cylinder • volume of a cylinder
• volume of a cone • volume of a cone
• volume of a sphere. • volume of a sphere.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C5.5 Compound shapes and parts of shapes E5.5 Compound shapes and parts of shapes Extended tier content includes finding the surface
1 Carry out calculations and solve problems involving 1 Carry out calculations and solve problems involving area and volume of a frustum whereas Core tier
perimeters and areas of: perimeters and areas of does not.
• compound shapes • compound shapes
• parts of shapes. • parts of shapes.
Answers may be asked for in terms of π. Answers may be asked for in terms of π.

2 Carry out calculations and solve problems involving 2 Carry out calculations and solve problems involving
surface areas and volumes of: surface areas and volumes of
• compound solids • compound solids
• parts of solids. • parts of solids.
e.g. find the volume of half of a sphere. e.g. find the surface area and volume of a frustum.

6 Trigonometry 6 Trigonometry
C6.1 Pythagoras’ theorem E6.1 Pythagoras’ theorem Identical content in both tiers.
Know and use Pythagoras’ theorem. Know and use Pythagoras’ theorem.
C6.2 Right-angled triangles E6.2 Right-angled triangles Extended tier content also includes the shortest
1 Know and use the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for 1 Know and use the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for distance from a point to a line and angles of
acute angles in calculations involving sides and angles acute angles in calculations involving sides and angles elevation/depression.
of a right-angled triangle. of a right-angled triangle.
Angles will be given in degrees and answers should be Angles will be given in degrees and answers should be
written in degrees, with decimals correct to one decimal written in degrees, with decimals correct to one decimal
place. place.

2 Solve problems in two dimensions using Pythagoras’ 2 Solve problems in two dimensions using Pythagoras’
theorem and trigonometry. theorem and trigonometry.
Knowledge of bearings may be required. Knowledge of bearings may be required.

3 Know that the perpendicular distance from a point to a

line is the shortest distance to the line.

4 Carry out calculations involving angles of elevation

and depression.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C6.3 Extended content only. E6.3 Exact trigonometric values Only in Extended tier. New in Y25-Y27.
Know the exact values of:
1 sin 𝑥𝑥 and cos 𝑥𝑥 for 𝑥𝑥 = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.
2 tan 𝑥𝑥 for 𝑥𝑥 = 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°.

C6.4 Extended content only. E6.4 Trigonometric functions Only in Extended tier.
1 Recognise, sketch and interpret the following graphs
for 0° ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 ⩽ 360°:
• 𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑥
• 𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝑥𝑥
• 𝑦𝑦 = tan 𝑥𝑥.

2 Solve trigonometric equations involving sin 𝑥𝑥, cos 𝑥𝑥 or

tan 𝑥𝑥, for 0° ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 ⩽ 360°.
e.g. solve:
√3
• sin 𝑥𝑥 = for 0° ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 ⩽ 360°
2
• 2 cos 𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 0 for 0° ⩽ 𝑥𝑥 ⩽ 360°.

C6.5 Extended content only. E6.5 Non-right-angled triangles Only in Extended tier.
1 Use the sine and cosine rules in calculations involving
lengths and angles for any triangle.
Includes problems involving obtuse angles and the
ambiguous case.

2 Use the formula

1
area of triangle = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎sin𝐶𝐶.
2
The sine and cosine rules and the formula for area of a
triangle are given in the List of formulas.
C6.6 Extended content only. E6.6 Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry in 3D Only in Extended tier.
Carry out calculations and solve problems in three
dimensions using Pythagoras’ theorem and
trigonometry, including calculating the angle between a
line and a plane.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content

7 Transformations and vectors 7 Transformations and vectors

C7.1 Transformations E7.1 Transformations Extended tier content is more complex than Core tier
Recognise, describe and draw the following Recognise, describe and draw the following as reflections can be in any straight line (not only
transformations: transformations: vertical or horizontal) and rotation can be about any
1 Reflection of a shape in a vertical or horizontal line. 1 Reflection of a shape in a straight line. centre (not only the origin, vertices or midpoints of
edges of a shape).
2 Rotation of a shape about the origin, vertices or 2 Rotation of a shape about a centre through multiples
midpoints of edges of the shape, through multiples of of 90°.
90°.
3 Enlargement of a shape from a given centre by a scale
3 Enlargement of a shape from a given centre by a given factor.
scale factor. Positive, fractional and negative scale factors may be
Positive and fractional scale factors only. used.
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
4 Translation of a shape by a vector �𝑦𝑦�. 4 Translation of a shape by a vector �𝑦𝑦�.

Questions will not involve combinations of Questions may involve combinations of transformations.
transformations. A ruler must be used for all straight A ruler must be used for all straight edges.
edges.
C7.2 Extended content only. E7.2 Vectors in two dimensions Only in Extended tier.
1 Describe a translation using a vector represented by Adding and subtracting vectors, and multiplying a
𝑥𝑥 vector by a scalar, have been removed from Core
�𝑦𝑦� , �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 or a.
tier.
Vectors will be printed as �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 or a.

2 Add and subtract vectors.

3 Multiply a vector by a scalar.

C7.3 Extended content only. E7.3 Magnitude of a vector Only in Extended tier.
𝑥𝑥
Calculate the magnitude of a vector �𝑦𝑦� as �𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 .
The magnitudes of vectors will be denoted by modulus
signs, e.g.
• |a| is the magnitude of a
�����⃗| is the magnitude of �����⃗
• |𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 .

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C7.4 Extended content only. E7.4 Vector geometry Only in Extended tier.
1 Represent vectors by directed line segments. Solving geometric problems using vectors is new
content.
2 Use position vectors.

3 Use the sum and difference of two or more vectors to

express given vectors in terms of two coplanar vectors.

4 Use vectors to reason and to solve geometric

problems.
Examples include:
• show that vectors are parallel
• show that 3 points are collinear
• solve vector problems involving ratio and similarity.
8 Probability 8 Probability
C8.1 Introduction to probability E8.1 Introduction to probability Use of probability notation is clarified in Extended tier
1 Understand and use the probability scale from 0 to 1. 1 Understand and use the probability scale from 0 to 1. and is not included in Core tier.
Probability notation is not required.
Probabilities should be given as a fraction, decimal or 2 Understand and use probability notation.
percentage. Problems may require using information P(A) is the probability of A
from tables, graphs or Venn diagrams (limited to two P(A′) is the probability of not A
sets).
3 Calculate the probability of a single event.
2 Calculate the probability of a single event. Probabilities should be given as a fraction, decimal or
percentage.
3 Understand that the probability of an event not Problems may require using information from tables,
occurring = 1 – the probability of the event occurring. graphs or Venn diagrams.
e.g. The probability that a counter is blue is 0.8.
What is the probability that it is not blue? 4 Understand that the probability of an event not
occurring = 1 – the probability of the event occurring.
e.g. P(B) = 0.8, find P(B′)

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C8.2 Relative and expected frequencies E8.2 Relative and expected frequencies Identical content in both tiers.
1 Understand relative frequency as an estimate of 1 Understand relative frequency as an estimate of
probability. probability.
e.g. use results of experiments with a spinner to estimate e.g. use results of experiments with a spinner to
the probability of a given outcome. estimate the probability of a given outcome.

2 Calculate expected frequencies. 2 Calculate expected frequencies.

e.g. use probability to estimate an expected value from a e.g. use probability to estimate an expected value from a
population. population.
Includes understanding what is meant by fair and bias. Includes understanding what is meant by fair and bias.
C8.3 Probability of combined events E8.3 Probability of combined events Use of probability notation is clarified in Extended tier
Calculate the probability of combined events using, Calculate the probability of combined events using, and is not included in Core tier.
where appropriate: where appropriate:
• sample space diagrams • sample space diagrams
• Venn diagrams • Venn diagrams
• tree diagrams. • tree diagrams.
Combined events will only be with replacement. Combined events could be with or without replacement.
Venn diagrams will be limited to two sets. The notation P(A ∩ B) and P(A ∪ B) may be used in the
In tree diagrams, outcomes will be written at the end of context of Venn diagrams.
branches and probabilities by the side of the branches. On tree diagrams outcomes will be written at the end of
branches and probabilities by the side of the branches.
C8.4 Extended content only. E8.4 Conditional probability Only in Extended tier.
Calculate conditional probability using Venn diagrams,
tree diagrams and tables.
Knowledge of notation, P(A|B), and formulas relating to
conditional probability is not required.
9 Statistics 9 Statistics
C9.1 Classifying statistical data E9.1 Classifying statistical data Identical content in both tiers.
Classify and tabulate statistical data. Classify and tabulate statistical data. Data collection is no longer in Core tier or Extended
e.g. tally tables, two-way tables. e.g. tally tables, two-way tables. tier.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C9.2 Interpreting statistical data E9.2 Interpreting statistical data Core tier includes comparing data sets using only the
1 Read, interpret and draw inferences from tables and 1 Read, interpret and draw inferences from tables and range as a measure of spread whereas Extended tier
statistical diagrams. statistical diagrams. includes other measures of spread as well.

2 Compare sets of data using tables, graphs and 2 Compare sets of data using tables, graphs and
statistical measures. statistical measures.
e.g. compare averages and ranges between two data e.g. compare averages and measures of spread
sets. between two data sets.

3 Appreciate restrictions on drawing conclusions from 3 Appreciate restrictions on drawing conclusions from
given data. given data.
C9.3 Averages and range E9.3 Averages and measures of spread Core tier includes calculating only the range as a
Calculate the mean, median, mode and range for 1 Calculate the mean, median, mode, quartiles, range measure of spread whereas Extended tier includes
individual data and distinguish between the purposes for and interquartile range for individual data and distinguish other measures of spread.
which these are used. between the purposes for which these are used.
Data may be in a list or frequency table, but will not be
grouped. 2 Calculate an estimate of the mean for grouped
discrete or grouped continuous data.

3 Identify the modal class from a grouped frequency

distribution.
C9.4 Statistical charts and diagrams E9.4 Statistical charts and diagrams Identical content in both tiers.
Draw and interpret: Draw and interpret:
(a) bar charts (a) bar charts
Includes composite (stacked) and dual (side-by-side) bar Includes composite (stacked) and dual (side-by-side) bar
charts. charts.
(b) pie charts (b) pie charts
(c) pictograms (c) pictograms
(d) stem-and-leaf diagrams (d) stem-and-leaf diagrams
Stem-and-leaf diagrams should have ordered data with a Stem-and-leaf diagrams should have ordered data with
key. a key.
(e) simple frequency distributions. (e) simple frequency distributions.

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) Notes
Core Content Extended Content
C9.5 Scatter diagrams E9.5 Scatter diagrams Identical content in both tiers.
1 Draw and interpret scatter diagrams. 1 Draw and interpret scatter diagrams.
Plotted points should be clearly marked, for example as Plotted points should be clearly marked, for example as
small crosses (×). small crosses (×).

2 Understand what is meant by positive, negative and 2 Understand what is meant by positive, negative and
zero correlation. zero correlation.

3 Draw by eye, interpret and use a straight line of best 3 Draw by eye, interpret and use a straight line of best
fit. fit.
A line of best fit: A line of best fit:
• should be a single ruled line drawn by inspection • should be a single ruled line drawn by inspection
• should extend across the full data set • should extend across the full data set
• does not need to coincide exactly with any of the points • does not need to coincide exactly with any of the points
but there should be a roughly even distribution of points but there should be a roughly even distribution of points
either side of the line over its entire length. either side of the line over its entire length.
C9.6 Extended content only. E9.6 Cumulative frequency diagrams Only in Extended tier.
1 Draw and interpret cumulative frequency tables and Box-and-whisker plots are no longer in Extended tier.
diagrams.
Plotted points on a cumulative frequency diagram should
be clearly marked, for example as small crosses (×), and
be joined with a smooth curve.

2 Estimate and interpret the median, percentiles,

quartiles and interquartile range from cumulative
frequency diagrams.
C9.7 Extended content only. E9.7 Histograms Only in Extended tier.
1 Draw and interpret histograms. Histograms are no longer in Core tier.
On histograms, the vertical axis is labelled ‘Frequency
density’.

2 Calculate with frequency density.

Frequency density is defined as
frequency density = frequency ÷ class width.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023 v1

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