CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 1

SHORT SUBECTS
Dr Shreya
 Anesthesia
Porphyria
694291kg 27omcm.in Improvesby
1,99
HE
Pinky itinworsensmnof
17h71min
withbarbiturates
Anaesthetic
agent
244 yellow choice Propofol
269 Violet 10mimin Thiopentane is CI
• LMA Size 3 child 4 femaleadult 5 maleadult
NGtube and Foley'scatheter smallest14Fr largest 24Fr 1Fr 0.3mm hunt
• GORY PB
BIS:adequate
•
depth ofanaesthesia 4060 0 dead100fully awake
• INFUSION SYNDROME, Painful injection-Soyabean oil, egg lecithin, TIVA:

ig
• DOC in asthma, Cyanotic HD, Shock proper ijiifuifjfnh.am
• DOC in cardiac surgery etomidateisf aarenamnhfpissh.itHedgehammerdure
• Narcoanalysis, DOC in hyperthyroidism, seizures, Vasospasm intraarterial whhiandficiencyng
Thiopentane
• Cardiotoxic LA
Bupivacaine c I in IVRABier'sblock DOC Papaverine
• Cardiostable MR:Vecuronium
• Shortest acting MR:
• Suggamadex: succinylcholine NDMR Gantacurium Nivacurium
RoVecuronium Neostigmine with atropine
• LAST DOC:
20 Intralipid
• Adequate CPR ETCo2:
20mmHg
• Spontaneous ventilation circuit:
Mapleson A Magillhack
• Controlled ventilation circuit:
MaplesonD Bain
Stop Clopidogrel: 7d Warfarin:
•
5d LMWH:1224hUFH:4hrs Lithium:48hrs ACE/ARB/OHG/Insulin:mterningdose
• Adequate CPR:
56am 2inch 3rdAPdiameter 100120min 10breathsmin 30 2 carotidpulse
• Neonate: 40 breaths
60 min 3 1 100120min HR child2030breathsmin 15212g eminentpulse
 if pulse f
11.000imso
• Epinephrine dose affy.MILfhcuygn
afhyeanis

• Not used for weaning CMV controlled

mandatoryventilation
• Ventilator settings for ARDS: TV:smilingPEEP:5mn20FiO2:
initial RR: 35beatsmin
• Shortest acting opioid:
Remifentanyl
• QT prolongationMethadone
• Aldrete score: Activity/ Respiration / Circulation/ Consciousness / O2 saturationdischargefitnessafter Sx
daycare
• Peripartum LSCS
deliverywithin5mins Anyincision no OTrequired
• Fasting: Solid:8hrLiquid:
6hr Breastmilk:4hrWater:2hr
• Beer Lambert law Pulse
oximetry Falsenegativespozin metauffy coonimetryused
• Dibucaine number <30: Prolonged Sch / Mivacurium
• Soda lime : CaOH (80%) + NAOH + KOH
• CO with dessicated sodalime
Desflurane
• MAC min:methonyflurane Hayyme
Max:
• BGC: min xenon Desflurane man Halothane
speed
 Nasalcannula immense
fffffch
5L min 101min
40 601 601

NRBM HFNC NIV

desired
855491Mt
ff.in provides PEEP
reducesdeadspace 100 flowrate
 sch

242
tocheckTOF Unadue
Tube sniffingposition harsonmaneuvre bestnerve 02 v20 Entonon Air co
haryngotspasm Tetanisingfrequency 50112 2,5 3,5 7 1,5277 12

a I sevoflurane
IsoflulaneHalothane
Desflurane
DISSSafety

1. Adult spinal cord-Lower border of L1

2. Spinal cords in infants-Upper border of L3
 Senoflurane Isoflurane Desflurane
Induction choice gendargyrarysteel ab.tk hepatitis.specialvaporiserTec6
of
in children Rhododhodilator pungent smell
Fruityodour cardiacsurgery
Bestforasthma Livertransplant henchaffffedfor
liversurgery Renalsurgeryobese
CompoundA
Nephrotonic

ORTHO
• Barlow:
BAD Adduction dislocationOrtolani: Abduction relocates
• Ober test:
Iliotibial tract contracture gluteus maximus Tensorfascialater
Valgus stress test:
•
MCL Varus stress test: LCL
• Pivot shift test:AnterolateralkneeDial test:Posterolateralknee 10C
MRI Goldstd Orthoscopy
• O’Donogue triad:
A I
• PAD: dk
palmakadvcei.us catalase DAB: linterossei
abduction
egawatest supplendatherne
• mipmate
Lumbricals:
lateral 2 fifthectionnerve Medial 2 byulnarnerve flexion atMCPextensionat IPT
• SR PM:
supinmatdsymmm.am
• Neck of fibula:CP
Iterative
N no dorsiflexion highsteppagegait R Joeraisingsplintanklefootorthosis
• FLUTS
Non unioithfof.netlennterttzeedulna lower43rdtibia Talus Scaphoid
• MISC Malunions
en colle's handshakingcast clavicle
• Posteromedial displacement / extension / Dunlop smith traction/ Baumann angle/3pt bony Normal/K-wire: SCH
• Herbert:screws
scaphoidfracture glassholdingcast
• FOOSH in extension:Colle's definitedopyedementmity PronationPalmarflexion ulnardeviation
• GRIMUS GalezziInferiorradius
Monteggiasuperior ulna BADOclassification
• MC shoulder dislocation:Anterior
subcoracoid Kocher manouever: TEAMTractionERAdd Medialnot
Bankart:
Anteroinferior labrum Hillsack Posterolateralhumerus
•
• FADIR:
Posteriordislocation hip and TB hip
• Hangman #:
of
C263 subluxation
Babcock Triangle:
•
TBofhip Fairbank triangle: Conavera Ward triangle:
Osteoporosis
• ALP, Osteocalcin, Osteonectin:
Markersof bone formation
• Painful arc:60 120
• Kohler: Keinboch’s
Navicular hunate
• SCIWORA
Spinalcordinjurywithout obvious radiological findings inchildren
• Head: Glenoid ratio:
4 1
Bony ankylosis:
•
TBspineFibrous ankylosis: TBhipknee
• Mirel score:
Pathological fracture
• Hook shaped MC:Hemochromatosis
• Jaipur foot:
squatting Barefoot
 Apley's ThesleyTest McMurray'sJes
RoosTest 871 me Lachman20301 grinding
horacicoutletobs Ant DrawerTest901 GustilloAnderson
name so Salter Harris

Thankshkoid kahmeaekfffarscfeyffaggn.ee time we crush

DennisBrownsplint
kite'sangle
Piraniscore
 DERMATOLOGY

Ipy6 11 condylomaacuminata
genitalwarts
HPV2.5 Verrucavulgaris HPV 2 Digitate wart
HPV 1 Plantar wart HPV3,10 Veruccaplana
• Orthokeratosis:
Hyperkeratosis minus Parakeratosis seen in lichen planus
• Epidermal turnover time: PsoriasisOd Epidermal-melanin unit: 36
56 days 1
• LCH markers:
present in Stratumspinosum S100CD207 CD1a
• Merkel cell / Ca colon:
in Stratumbasale CK7 CK20 cropgrain
• Acitretin:
pustularpsoriasis washoutperiod 3years Timiners
• Isotretinoin:Nodule
cystic acne washoutperiod 1month 3monthssiefyffffyf.fm
wives
• UV-A -365nm : Barium silicate + NiO filter wood's
lamp
• Modified apocrine glands:Moll's
gland Mammarygland Ceruminousgland
• Ca ATPase 2A2:Daries
sds2C1: Hailey Haileydisease
taileyHaileyas
• TME PSC pcheephyton
jffistasm Ethnographer
• Para tertiary butyl phenol: Bindi PPD: Hairdye
• Sign of lesser Trelat:seborrheickeratitis
• Darier sign :
cutaneousMastocytosis C kit CD117 91ST
• Atopic dermatitis infants:teastinsorsCataract:
Anteriorsubcapsular shieldcataract
• Footprint in snow:Lichen
planuspilasis
• Resistant acne:
Ruleouthyperandrogenismfirst signofLesserTrelal
 INH CHR GENE

NF1
AD 17 Neurofibromin
NF2 BILvestibularschwannoma
AD 22 Merlingene multipleinherited Thehibgenema
ependymoma
TSC
AD 9 16 fruition ontogangiomyolipoma
eymphangioliomyomatosisin.am
VHL subependymalmodules
AD 3 Phytophthora
SWS
sporadic a EErfifkaattmiagii f.ae
ATM
congenitalglaucoma
AR 11
Blaschknes
addthis.ffmn.am

eoum

Falsifier
mitigating wondering
 hyp healing
ito Dapsone
Rifampicin Clofazimine
Dsg 1 Pfoliaceousff near
(Most sleIcthyosis Dsg Pvulgarisulcers
3
effective) pigmentation oral
600mg OAMS 100mg OD 300mg
OAMS+ BPAgBullouspemphigoid
50mg OD Tensebullae
PBL 6months
Type7 EBaquisita
MBL12months collagen

Gonococcalurethritis IP 1 week
Weethnal
dischargeSTD
 gono

STDUlcers

Painful Painless

InguinalLN InguinalLN
alwayspainful
painfulLN painless
HSV chancroid
recurrent singleepisode
IGT syphilis Donortanosis
episode
Mchment swelling swelling
vesicular novesicle
LNinn noLNine
nobleeding bleeding
nobleeding bleeding
redulcer
hard on not hard on
palpation palpation
Donovanbodies
CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 2

ENT, MICRO, FMT, PSYCHI

Dr Shreya
MICROBIOLOGY
• Gram stain:
crystal violet Trainedbadoo.ae
saffranin Peptidoglycan gramtre
• Acid fast: carbolfuschin heat 42504 Methyleneblue 1.1 Nocardia Legionella
• Hyaluronic acid capsule:
5pyogenes Polypeptide capsule: B anthrax Polysaccharidecapsule
• No capsule: Medusahead withvaccine SHIN
Mycoplasma Diene stain invertedfirtree
• Lipotechoic acid PLETmedium Iterptococcus
Grampositive A influenza
• Endotoxin Assay:
guammgatingfhist.fiauAMagttBumthang mobility N meningitidis
• Diaminopimetic acid
• cAMP : CALP Cholera Zonaoccludens
GM1 Anthrax LTETEC Pertussis inspiratorywhoop
S
Ifb FI fatia aureus Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida Enterobacter
• Catalase +
can
• All Clostridium motile and noncapsulated except: c perfringes α tonin
• Schiff:vivaxJames:ovale Maurier:Falci Ziemann: Malarial
redfungi
• ICAM-1:Rhinovirus ACE2:Covid Nicotinic AchR: Rabies
www.sichoplyfyhgdfun hapsule
• CD21:
EBV OHL NPCA CAstomach HL NHL
urinary PCR AgPP65Ag RGanciclouis pizzapieapp.infunders www.i i
iiiii
• Integrin: CMV
• Breteau index: Cheopsis index:
anguketchikungunya Rat flea
Chandler index:Hookworm
iEi
 Bacillus
listeria
clostridium Ifadia actinomyces
mimicsTB Itsteomyelitisof
EF2 1
gqightheriae Hoydansplant mandible

CONS

hM
afy VE
neonal uspidmesofal
fffafmf.ae spiffenes 5 saprophyticus 5 epidermidis
2ndmsddfffme.IEprosecution
ˢth on
Enterococcus
5pneumoniae
I ftp.ffuteqipuceoggiwgimmcoin Biteesulide.gr
IE cystoscopy
 elleng

hfᵈd a
iftp.ffimedia ureabreathtest
satanism breathtest
Hydrogen
BT in Leprosy LactoseIntoleran
Fungalcornealulcer
PUS in breastCA Burkholderia Manson

H influenza
 Anopheles Aedes Culex Mansoni Sandfly
clear water artificialwater dirtywater with Kalaaz
2 syphilis parallellarva 100mshortest 10km longest Pistia RK39AgT
involves skin of single eggs distance distance plant kinetopias
palms and soles malaria Tigermosquito Hunchback Bungia Amastig
A
2syphilis
HRP2A9 diphthaghett
siphonTube
Malayi ofL
p sp for dengue present 9118
consachieats Pfalciparum chikungunya WBancroft
YF JE
jihu's 0 19 Zika West Nile
schyphus Ox K RiftValley
Hagic conjunctivitis
Coxsackie A24,
Borrelia Mackenna Linea
sandbly
Bartonella bacilliformisOnaya henselae
Enterovirus 70 fever catscratchdisease quintanaTrenchfever
 Efficient nuts
ReNitazoxani.de
tellsire
number enkTelurite
ifeng.eu Cdiphtherie Autofluorescenceabsent

man metabolism
Magy Absusceptibility
R TMPSMX
nohffhenea.in0157117 Internersancement

NLF
LF
Saureus
ᵈÉÉB sEF
Machenkey4F CLEDICF mannitol sat 1mF httpfffxmesent
Inagaki Bromothymal Bromothymal Phenol red
blue blue
• Casoni / Arc5 electrophoresis-
Hydatidcyst NonBilestainedNEHA Don'tfloatSUIT
• Montenegro-
Kala azar Strongyloides
unfertilizedeggofAscaris
• Bachmann Effthmilaris
Trichinella Ignestinaltapeworm
• Fairly Schistosoma acyclostoma
catfeces oocyst
• Frenkel Toxoplasma catmeatbradyzoite Autoinfection CHEST
Cryptosporidium
• Mazzotti- Onchocerca verticalTachyzoite
• Fullborne
A nana
strongyloides Enterobius
• NEHA SUIT CHEST strongyloides
tinea
• BIRA 19mn69s Bira kickham ptfpfd
• PERC ViralInclusionBodies
fffyyfggiiiyf.gg theft b
offstage Intracytoplasmic Intranuclear IC IN
• HAY BAP www.ggffgffsumfacidophilicBasophilic ÉÉwÉme
ViralInclusion Bodies
• Auramine-Rhodamine: y NegribodiesRabies
cowdery couedryBipasiphin.cid9kinnophilic
guanishadian
• Acridine orange:
Malaria vaccinia
A
pkwt f1ba
Fungi chitin
• Calcofluor white: fmffhfngm'ounditis
hipshgugatoy.es
• FITC:
Flowcytometry
 Sterilization sporicidal
HOT AIR OVEN AUTOCLAVE RADIATION: Aldehydes: H2O2= ETO
160 X 2HR 121 x 15min x 15psi Gamma rays Glutaraldehyde 2% Plasma
CPM
glassware Sxinstruments catgut scopesexcept Arthroscope

exceptsharps chromiccatgut Urethroscope

Panathan STERRAD
owners disposable
sutures LSS
exceptcatgut
culturemedia blood spills5%
Hypochlorite
except it LSS
sputum Mffisingectan
doesntkillpores
CONTROL: MILK PASTEURISATION:
B.subtilis: not 63 X 30min
umputoclave HolderVAT
B.stearothermophilus: 72 X 15s Flash 41ST
B.pumilis: plasmagneization
Infra
B.globigi:
red 125 X 3s ultra
high temperature
ETO Coliform, standard plate, phosphatase test
recipitation Flocculantiennan
• Ring ppt Ascoli: Lancefield:
ftp.yfogenes Elek:cdiphtherieKahn/ VDRL:
syphilis
• Microscopic agglutination / Emjh/ Dinger ring: macrolides
eat wine
Leptospirosis B
• Cold :
Mycoplasma
• Standard/ Rose Bengal test: Brucellosis
y
• Paul-Bunnel / Monospot:EBV Agglutination
• Weil-Felix:Proteus I Rickettsia
• Widal:
Typhoid
• Sabin Feldman
Toxoplasma Complement
1
• Wasserman
syphilis fixation
12 96
Single Double Elis
dimension dimension
8
Single diffusion
Oudin Mancini
Double diffusion
Oakleying ouchterlong

Ab
 g g g

FMT
• OPD/ IPD records maintained for:
3yearsMLC records: 10years
• Time to provide records:
3days
• Primary blast: TLC TM
lungs colon
Abrasion, Contusion, Laceration: 2
•
blast Marshall's Triad
diffcycles
• Superfetation VS Superfecundation:
same cycle 2 Ova 2 sperms
Barberio test:
•
sperminepicratecrystals yellowneedle
• Florence test:
choline periodidecrystals rhomboid
• Hemin (Teichmann), Hemochromogen (Takayama)
pink feathery for blood
rhomboid
Palmaris longus/ Ulnar N, artery / Palmar cut nerve (ulnar, median) /Palmar aponeurosis
• Hesitation cuts Steffes
• Primary marking/ Secondary marking:
2 1 2 gunmarking microscopic wear and tear
• Paltauf hemorrhage:
Antmortem Simon bleed: epiduralbleed Tardeu spots Asphyrialdeaths
• lungbasenage
Adduction hyoid#: in hanging
strangulation
• Pelvis : All large and wide in females except:10sA
obturatorforamen S Ijointsurfaceitatabundata
Lochia Rubra 4 5
days Serosa 10days Alba 12days
•
Virchow-head
•
trunkabdoLetulle- enmasse Ghon- en bloc Rokitansky- in situ
• Pripaism
Spanish Canthaudin Also Tuazodone
• Phossy jaw
Phosphorus ActinomycesBisphosphonates CHELATORS: Hemodialysis:
• PCM BAL/ Dimercaprol- Barbiturate
NacetylcysteineB blocker glucagon
If
DMSA/Succimer- Lithium
• Methanol/ Ethylene glycol
somepinale D-penicillamine- ᵈ Alcohol
• BZD EDTA- Salicylates
Flumarenil Pb
Desferioxamine- Theophylline
• Meth Hb
Methyleneblue Prussian blue- thallium
s
• MIOSIS
pinpointpupil OPpoisoningffiarrhffawoe.ec
Rs Atropine Pralidonirie and
MYDRIASIS Dhatura
•
ThornApplepoisoning hillie'skit
ketamine
R physostigminekcocgyya.IS
• Wishnewsky ulcer:
pesthypothermia burns Cushing ulcer:history Cameron
Curling ulcer:
hiatal hernia
• Freshgettin
water vs salt water: Fresh hemodilution Nat t.ci kt
water altRBClysis
• Quelet rule:Twins have
different fingerprints
• Quetelet rule:
BMI Broca index:
wt kg Ht cm 100
bodydecomposes in air twice as rapidly as in water and
• Casper dictum: 1 2 8 a
• Eonism Transvestic eighttimes as rapidlyaswarth
• Monday morning 1) fever fetishighgan
+ chills: 2) Chest tightness 3) sickness (headache):
gyan Nitrate
Digitalis Pink Oleander YellowOleandes Nicotine Aconite
Nerium Cerebral
cardiotonic

Epidemic
cannabis Erytheronylum Dhatura dropsy
cocca R Physostigmine angemonemenicana
 Arch hoop Mc whorls
Change Disease
Complete loss Burns, Celiac disease
Permanent impairment RT, Electrical injury,
Leprosy,
etaphysealcorner
Buckethandle Change in distance Acromegaly, Rickets
Ridge alteration Scleroderma, Eczema,
TAI Acanthosis nigricans

six pennybruises
609,309 135 110 Hydrostatic test:
lung floats in live born spgravity 1
• Foder / Ploquet/
• Wredin:
get membrane air in ear in still born
•
Air bubbles in stomach in live born
Breslau second life test

permanent teeth age 5 4

• Permanent teeth 6-11yrs:
• Japanese detergent suicide / Sewer gas / Bluish green lividity:
Hydrogen sulfide rotten egg
• Preservative for blood:
spirit Urine: Tolueneblue Thymol Naf
Viscera:Rectified
Naffatiate
• Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita –IPC- Citation: Act No. 45 of 2023
• Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita-CrPC: Citation: Act No 46 of 2023
• Bharatiya. Sakshya Adhiniyam- IEA-Bill No. 123 of 2023
 BNS
82- 1 years no liability 20

21
83- 7 12 years maturity

84-
McNaughton's rule 22

85-
Involuntary Intoxication 23

86-
Voluntary Intoxication 24
 BNS
87- 18 years can consent 25

89- 12 cannot consent 27

years
90- Invalid consent 28

92- consent 30
Implied
 BNS
191-
Perjury 227

193- Punishment 229

for perjury
228A- Punishment 72
for
revealing identity of
rape victim
 BNS
299- culpable homicide 100

300- Murder 101

302- Punishment 103

murder
for
304- Punishment 105
for
culpable homicide
 BNS
304A- Punishment
for death 106
in case medical negligence
of yrs
304B- Elements of Negligence

Dowery Death 80
Duty

criminal abortion I
312: 88 Breach of Duty

consent of female Act Must Be

Done

313: criminal abortion cont 89 Damages

consent of female
314: criminal abortion 90
death mother
 of
i. Emasculation.
ii. Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.
BNS iii. Permanent privation of the sight of either ear.
319- Hurt 114 iv. Privation of any member or joint.
v. Destruction or permanent impairing of any
member or joint

320- grievous Hurt 110 vi. Permanent disfiguration of the head or face
vii. Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth
viii. Any hurt which endangers life or which
causes the sufferer to be during the space of
375- Rape definition 63 twenty days in severe bodily pain or unable to
follow his ordinary pursuits

376 - Rape punishment 64

CrPC
Police inquest: Minimum rank
BNSS
174- Police Sub-inspector-Sexual offences
inquest 194 Head constable-Others

Judicial magistrate-Custodial death

176-
Magistrateinquest 196
IEA
BSA
32-
dying declaration 26

45-
Expert witness 39

154- Hostile witness 157

CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 3

PSM, OBG, ENT, PSYCHI

Dr Shreya
PSM
Best test to confirm fecal contamination- Recent contamination-shutdownRemote contamination-clostridium
WHO STEPS : biochemistry
verbal physical perfringes
Community participation/ Equitable Distribution/ Inter Sectoral coordination/ Appropriate technology PH
componentsof
Essential health care Available/ Accessible/ Affordable/ Acceptable
Bagassosis not a notifiable disease under Factory act 1948
Sickness benefit- 70 is payablefor 91days
of daily
Extended sickness benefit-80wage 2years1730days a set 34diseases
Enhanced sickness benefit- of daily for
wagepayable for
7 daysfor vasectomy andupto 14days of
Maternity benefit- no hiatuswage upto
Funeral benefit- cashamounting to 15,000 for tubectomy
forin 3 installments on first childPMM
Cash incentive of Rs 5000
is
fkteeas.HepB pig
Leishmaniasis/ Oraya fever/ Oriental sore/ Chandipura encephalitis ransurfy o
Typhoid/ Cholera/ dT/ TT disaster tohealthcareworkers
during
Burden of disease: Proportional
mortalityrate PMR Recallbias notableto recall
Virulence/ killing power of disease: CFR case rate Interviewer biasresearcherpaying
Communicability: SARC fatality
moreimp.tocases
Incidence-prevalence bias:Effhangids Attritionbias losstofollowup
Test of Milk Hawthornebiaschange inbehavior
Before pasteurization:Methylene blue test Berkson'sbiascasesselectedfromhospital
After pasteurization: Phosphatase test / Standard plate count/ Coliform test
Energy, fat and protein: Buffalo > goat > cow > human
Lactose : Human> Buffalo > goat > cow
Most sensitive indicator of iodine deficiency: prevalence neonatalhypothyroidism goitreprevalence
For surveillance: iodine excretion of
HIV prophylaxis :urinary
CD4<350:
Athina CD4 <100tempted CD4<50 Azithromycin Mac
 Cuyp

PMMVY
Beneficiaryforsecondchild ifsecondchildis a girl
FinancialAssistance
Benefitof 5000
for1st child in 2 instalments

off an fdywphfe.fm
mmunization

for2ndchild if girlchild in singleinstalment

6,000

afterchildbirth and completionofimmunization

within 14weeks

goalBroadoutcomeordirection not time bound

Target discretebenchmark time bound
Objective Endpoint specificmeasurablemilestone

1 2years Albendazole200mg
biannual
deworming 2Yeakaigebendazole400mg
Pregnancy 72
Best to eliminate known confounders: Overall best for confounders:
Bias: Matching stratifiedrandomisation
Blinding BestTripleblinding
CLINICAL TRIALS SWIM work Improvement Market
safety test: Phase o Microdosing Preclinicalanimals
Diagnostic power of a screening
Meta-analysis:Identification-selection-abstraction-analysis NoRandomisationPLOT:Forest
Cluster sampling: 30x7-12-23mon plot
HDI: meanyearofschooling
Hey don'tKILL at BIRTH Life expectancy at birth Income knowledge yearofschooling
expected
PQLI: ILL IMR Literacy Lifeexpectancyat 1year
at 1YEAR
GHI: M M M child
mortality155 years childMalnutrition stuntingwasting Malnutrition inoverallpopulation
Demographic determinants: social
birth death marriage migration
ANGLES OF NEEDLES: im/ Suture: 90 Sc, Verees needle: 45 Id: 10 15 mobility
Episiotomy 60
OPEN VIAL POLICY: 28days - Not applicable: MBJ / COVID/ YF
8 +4 = 13 othercolourcode Insecticides
minithm
I AN RedExtremelytoxic Inphosphide
PM-SMA Categories: I high risk pregnancy yellowhighlytoxic Endosulphan
Green normal Blue PIH Yellow systemicdisease Blue moderatelytonic Malathion
TARGETS:
NTEP: 90% reduction:mortality80% reduction:incidence greenslightlytonicMosquitorepellents
NACO: 90-90-90-90 901
diagnosed 901 R 90 viralloadsuppressed 90.1quality
WHO CA CERVIX 2030-90:70:90 90
of girlsvaccinated with HPVVaccinationK15years
78 humpenwcammedaushtdddashutdowntreated
 Central Pollution Control Board’s Air

hff
components
Quality Standards
AQI Category
1. PM 2.5 linearcorrelation
2. PM 10
0-50 Good 3. CO
curve
51-100 Satisfactory 4. NO2
101-200 Moderate 5. SO2
201-300 Poor 6. 03
301-400 Very Poor
7. NH3
8. Lead
401-500 Severe

Hilly/tribal Plains Beds

Sub-centre (HWC)
A- no AN
delivery
B-
deliverydone 1300 1,0 g
PHC
A-
B- 2 120,000 130,000 5
Delphi School health
method
U-CHC
Metro: 11 100
Village level staff:
ASHA AWW TBA VHG
1
21000
P=I X D
ODDS RATIO ADBC
Relative risk: Ie Ine Attributable risk: Population attributable risk: It
Ie
fine Ine
Confidence level: 1-p Power of study: Increase power:Increase sample size,precision
prefabffyofterror 1 β
Confidence interval: mean 2SE
SEmean: SE proportion
SE Pq
Coefficient of variation:
Smean 100
Z-score: IC DEXA scan Malnourishedarea
Variance SD
year SD
SAMPLE SIZE
pg
IMR www.yeafhitreimsnaia 28 Indicatessocio economicdevelopment
ofcountry
MMR rate Maternaldeaths 1 lakh Chatio Mathabhanga 1
lakhffffihhgee.ca
in repage
PNMR
SBL 1000
 multipleexposure Fe Folate Frequency
single 6-59m
exposure 20mg 100mg Biweeklysyn
5-9y
45mg 400µg Weekly
10-19y
Common Pointsource common Pointsource 60mg 500µg weekly
20-49
Females weekly
Pregnant 60mg 500µg once a day
Lactating
once a day
RBSK
Propagated Interrupted

NOglaucoma
Ministryofeducation Noscurvy
All govtschools
1 andupperI

EI
ÉÉÑi taprotein
13calorie
MWCD
 Reference Man Woman

Suretve False tre PPV

Eb Age 19-39yrs 19-39yrs

soso.ve Some Weight 65kg 55kg

Sn Ltc SP Std Height 177cm 162cm

if
BMI 18.5-22.9 18.5-22.9

Sedentary
2100 1700
SC and PHC CHCFRU District
1. Registration Moderate
2. ANC 2700 2100
3. Safe delivery Heavy
4. PNC and newborn 3400 2700
case

99 88 9 weeks
 Age (years) 25- 44
Married/ Widow/ Divorced ASHI delivery
Should be of same village Novaccine
10th pass 10ᵗʰ notavailable
if pass
Trained by AWW + ANM
gofor8ᵗʰ
Major impact indicator: Reduction pass
of IMR in village
urban rural

UNICEF
G GROWTH MONITORING
O ORAL REHYDRATION
B BREAST FEEDING
Chemical: Space spray: API <2 Deltamethrin I IMMUNIZATION
Paris green= Stomach poison Malathion
Temephos/Abate = Contact Cyphenothrin -ITBN: 6mon (AP 2-5) F FAMILY PLANNING
poison Pyrethrum -LLIN:3yrs (API >5) F FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
F FEMALE EDUCATION
Biological: Gambisia / GUupy Residual spray: API >2: 0.0475inch
Bacillus thuringiensis DDT (2 rounds) >150 holes/ich
Malathion (3 rounds)
Deltamethrin (2 rounds)
siphonant in culer
maybe in aldes
absent in anopheles
OBG
CUT380A CUT375 DMPA 150mg
Meffing every3months
10years 5years
20mgday hotbeds
Mynyrshmagia

cogfpqgptiongynef.in 2wksearly
framelessIUD 4wksdelay

HELLP

pressing
BISHOPScone 6 NUD vacuuming
Cervical Feature 0 1 2 3
Cervical dilatation ˂ 1cm 1-2 cm 2-4 cm ˃ 4cm
Cervical length 4 cm 2-4 cm 1-2 cm ˂ 1 cm
Effacement*
5253
430 40 50 6070 80
Station of -3 cm -2 cm -1/0 cm +1/+2 cm
sa
presenting part
E.in
Eiiiiipu
Consistency of Firm Average Soft
cervix
Position of cervix Posterior Mid Anterior
EE
position impmsis
 • Premature ovarian failure: FSH 40 AMHC1
• IVF d3 ET: 263 IVF d5 ET: 261 day
any neuropole28
• day
Pritchard regmen day embryotransfer days
soffffihffhiaia.int
• Therapeutic level 4from 149 4gthrough Ivinfusion and 10g ns
7
• IADPSG: FBS 92 MY dL ppBs 180mgdL PP2BS 153mg a
• WHO 140 mg
dL at 2hours PPBs
mgPROFILE
9 flowing

• BIOPHYSICAL NST Amniotic SDP Tone Fetalbreathing grossbodymathematics

fluid
8 10 n o i n liquor equivocal 0 4 EmLSCS
• Deceleration: Early- head Late- UPI Variable- cord
compression
• Post VVF repair: Sexual abstinence: monthsPregnancy avoid 1
3 year
• Normal uterocervical length: 6 am
• 12 x 2=24
IgI Less taking
mm fbcdn.net
hsone
sappiness
qq.GG
• 3 x1 APLA preeclampsia
3,73k 1 34wks insufficiency
pe
• Medical MTP Mifepristone RU 486200mg oral
48hrslaterMiso400mgktwks 800µg179wks oral Shvaginal
• 1ml fetal blood: 10 microgram anti-D
• T1: T2/T3/28weeks:
50µg 300µg 272hoursrepeat
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY

Increase Decrease Normal

Blood/plasma/RBC volume Hematocrit BT, CT
Retic count Hb
WBC count Platelet EF
All clotting factors F 11/13
Fibrinogen Protein C/S IRV
ESR Albumin RR
SHBG/TBG, Total protein PVR Vital capacity
BP TLC
CO, HR, SV COMPLIANCE
FRC
IC
TV Sr Urea
MV Uric acid/Creatinine

RBF, GFR Vaginal pH

Semen WHO 2010 WHO 2020 Pearl Index Calorie Requirement increases in
parameters pregnancy
Semen 1.5 ml 1.4 ml Calendar Method Second trimester: + Kcal/day
volume 24 Thirst trimester: + Kcal/day
Lactation (0-6m): + Kcal/day
Sperm 15 million/ml 16 million/ ml Female Condom
concentration Vaginal Sponge 20 Lactation (6-12m): + Kcal/day

Total motility 40% 42% Male condom

Progressive 32% 30%
14 obturator
motility IUCD
2 Trap
Viability 58% 54%
OCP
1 for SUI
Morphology 4% 4% Hypermability
Sterilization
01 ofurethra
o Engagement
flo
weakpelvic
o Descent
o Flexion
o Internal rotation
o Crowning
o Extension
o Restitution
o External rotation
o Expulsion of rest of the body
12months
Help: call for help
Evaluate for episiotomy
Legs: McRoberts position
Pressure: Suprapubic pressure
Rotate posterior shoulder

Roll the patient on to all fours

Put baby back -> LSCS

Psychiatry
Brief psychotic disorder
Schizophreniform
1 month functional decline not mandatory
6months
functional decline
6 months I
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective
schizophrenia isolated days 14
Delusional disorder I month
Depression Weeks
2
Persistent depressive disorder/ Cyclothymia 2
Bipolar disorder / Mania BPDI 7daysyears
Hypomania 4 BPD I hypomania depression
OCD 2 weeks days
Panic disorder
GAD 6
1 month
Phobia 6
months
months
Acute stress reaction 1 month
PTSD 1 month
Adjustment disorder a month
ADHD 0 2 12 so month 2
settings age 12
years
• Thought content:
Delusion
• Derailment / Loosening of association/Tangentiality
Form
• Flight of ideas/ Pressure of speech/ Thought retardation/ Circumstantiality/ Perseveration
stream
• Posession:
Insertion Withdrawal Broadcast Obsession Impulse Phobia
• Repression VS suppression
involuntary neurotic voluntary mature
• Projection VS displacement
neurotic
narcissistic
• DOC for alcohol withdrawal: Anti-craving:
BED Thiamine Naltrexone Acamprosate
• AST >ALT
Alcohol ALT AST Viral hepatitis
• HEROIN Toxicity DOC:
Naloxone
• Withdrawal: Methadone
• Squeeze technique:
Ejaculation
• Precontemplation -> Contemplation -> Preparation -> Action -> Maintenance -> Relapse
• MECP2
Gene for Rettsyndrome
• TRS, Max metabolic s/e, Sialorrhea, Seizure, Myocarditis, Agranulocytosis:
clozapine
• QT prolongation:
Liprasidone Thionidazone Haloperidol Auctipine
• SIADH, vivid dreams, dry mouth, sweating
SSRI
of
GOOD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS BAD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
Acute onset or abrupt onset Insidious onset
Advanced age at onset (>35 yrs) Early onset (<20 yrs)
Catatonic, paranoid subtype Simple, disorganised,
hebephrenic
Female sex Male sex
Prominent positive symptoms Prominent negative
symptoms
Presence of affective symptoms Absence of affective
symptoms
Family history of mood Family history of
disorders schizophrenia
CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 4

MEDICINE / PATH/ PHARMA/

PHYSIO
Dr Shreya
 CYP2C19:
Schedules:
Enzyme inducers Enzyme inhibitors CLOPIDOGREL -> active
Under medical supervision:
Griseofulvin Ensue Valproate oneprazole With prescription only:
9
Phenobarbitone Ketoconazole CYP2C9: both zero order µ
Cannot be treated:
fhdkhhfdI9 WARFARIN 2.7.9
Phenytoindkfs
Neonatal
Cimetidine / Addictive potential:
PHENYTOIN
Rifampicin Omeprazoleagg Category:
MEEEE gp X:
Carbamazepine Ciprofloxacin CYP 3A4 CI duringpregnancy
Smoking, Ethanol Erythromycin, CAT Ritonavier
QTc Cyp
Clarithromycin OCP(ESTROGEN)
adf.EE e ffpfkfffate.ritonavir
INH Cyclosporine/ Tacrolimus
grape juice Statins / AMiodarone
Red man : gingivalhyperplasia
Vancomycin
Blue man: Amiodarone CYP2D6 cysticendopeptidase
Grey baby: chloramphenicol TAMOXIFENi -> active
Black thyroid: Bblocker
Minacycline dihfhfne
Pseudo-jaundice:
Rifabuline alsouveitis SSRI
ftp.ebay hhhay
Flagellate:
Bleomycin entricitabine
Skin / nail pigmentation (ART): zidovudine
Hand foot syndrome: 5
Purple toe syndrome:
fluorouracil capacitabine
Hohncycat
IE
warfarin phtCands
Pseudolymphoma / Purple glove syndrome
Phenytoin comp km potency
Vesicular eruptions (CNS Depressant):Barbiturates Noncomp Vmax efficacy
Livido reticularis:Amantadine BUN km Vmax
 OT prolongationdrugs
Antiarrhythmicsclass IA and
CATdrugsCisaperide Asteminole Terfenadine BANNED
ATT Bedaquiline Delaminide Puelomania
Anti malarial chloroquine Quinine
anti microbials FA Macrolides
Azoles Ketoconazole Fluconazole Itraconazole
Antipsychotics HelloQT HaloperidolQueitapineThionidazoneziperasidone
5H13 Ondansetron Guanisetron

I p this ca citalopram Escitaloperam

Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia
Insulin
salbutamol ae
hoopdiuretics β blockers
Thiazidediuretics Ksparingdiuretics
Acetazolamide Tacrolimus
amphotericin B cyclosporine
Epinephrine

DigoxinTonicity Refeedingsyndrome Tumorlysissyndrome

Ii if I
P043

Amiodarone sle
Pleasephotosensitivity
checkcornealdeposits ceruloderma
PFT lungfibrosis
LFT hepatotonic
TFT Thyroid WolfChaikoff or JohnBasedow
ATT drug causing psychosis: Isoniazide
Cycloserine
ATT drug causing Hypothyroidism: Cyp i andmetabolised
PAS Ettrionamide
ART causing intracranial bleed: by Acetylation
Lipranivir slow
Itraconazole
Antifungal causing heart failure: fast
neuropathyheptahuity
Darutumumab (CD38-):
Multiple myeloma
Vismodegib / Sonidegib: BCC sonichedgehoginhibitors
Anticancer causing cerebellar ataxia:
cytarabine
SIADH:
Cyclophosphamide OnCBC SSRI Vincristine Chlorperopamide
Palivizumab RSV
prophylaxis R Ribavarin
Cetuximab, Panitumumab EGFR I colonandlungCA
Emicizumab in
Hemophilia inhibits breakdownoffactors 9,8
Fostamatinib TK I ITPAbagainst
GPIbOprelvelkin IL 11analogueRomiplostim , Eltrombopag TPO
Palbociclib : Cyclin- dependent kinase 4/6 -Breast cancer
Olaparib : Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (↓ DNA repair) : Breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancers (BRCA +)

3
ma
I unit
 JAM
BBB
akaZonaoccludens
toxinGM1
207cholera
adherens E cadherins CDK 1

aesmgaihkf.itiFigiiianduas.in
Hemidesmosomes Bullouspemphigoid
at DET Nikolsky
6connexins signnegative
syncytium
pikestaff 91Foliaceous Sss
ernstequation Dsg3
Vulgariffugg
manatconductance
Hikingun kt
efflux
markt
c ktefflux
65 1
14
assuaging
491010
Natinflux
1
94
01
refuse
RMP RMPkeg
Na: +60 mV phigger
Ca: +100 mV
Cl: -70mV
K: -90V
1L-2, IL-12, INF-G:
granuloma THI
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13:
IgEEosinophilsMucousparasitekillingTH2
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-A:Proinflammators Pyrogenics
1L-10, TGF-B, Lipoxin:anti
inflammmeranthtaxis
IL-8, C5a, LTB4, 5HETE, Kallikrein:
C3b, IgG:
opsonin
C3a, c5a
Anaphylatonins
CD16, 56, 94: NKcells
CD41, 42, 61:
Megakaryocytes
Leukocyte common Ag:
Terminal comp /MAC def:Iveisseria
C1 INH def: µ
infection
Affinity maturation-Somatic hypermutation
Isotype switching-Alternate RNA splicing EG
Benzene IgM IgA
PCD with RIPK-1 and MLKL phosphorylation-Necroptosis
Benzidine Friary bladderCA NMP22 PCD with Caspase 1,4,5,11-
Proptosis
PCD-iron (fenton reaction/lipid peroxidation)Ferraptosis
VC -> VD -> VP
Raynaud: White-blue-red
Margination -> Rolling->
Adhesion -> Tranmigration (PECAM / CD31) -> Chemotaxis -> Opsonisation -> Phagocytosis
Inflammation
vascular events VC YDTI.IE Stasis
cellularevents Margination
Endo Neutro
Rolling selectins CD62
Adhesion integrins
Thainsmigration PECAN CD31
Chetmotaxis By.IE
ameOptsonisationFeIgG.C3bC4bC5b

Phagocytosis fr
Phagolysosome

vacuitainer
Order Vacuitainer Uses
1 culturebottle aerobic f b anaerobic
2 citrate blue coagulationprofile citrateblood 19
ESR citrateblood 147 new blackvacuitainer
3 serumpowderedglass end serology Indirectcoomb'stest cross match
4 serum powderedglass Immunology Chemistry.ee B9 B12
withpolymer goldenyellow bacterial viral serology
5 Heparin green ABG Osmotic fragilitytesting
6 EDTA purple CBC BG Rh typing blood
flowcytometry
7 Acid citratedextrose yellow HLAtyping DNAstudies paternitytesting
8 Oxalatewithfluoridegrey Bloodglucose alcohol acetate

MortalityReducingDrugs
ARNI
B blocker
Spironolactone
SGLT 2 ifglifloz.in
 PPI: B12 deficiency / Fracture/ C.difficile AIN
Menetrier disease TGF α

During contraction:
Prominent-
Disappear-
Shorten-
Constant-
oke
1 slow red ox
Type1 areslowfibres
richmjgak.in 8haonfuia

Steffens sine
Emperipolesis

ftp.fsaidoffman

bodies
MalloryDenkbodiesck818 Hepc councilman Basalcelldegeneration
PIGGLET:PRL
GH IL 2 GMCSF Leptin EPO TPO JAKSTATPathway
PLC-> IP3 /DAG (Gq) Tyrosinekinaser MAPKpathway
cGMP:
pan popapp µ
In Gi Me a Da MAD CAMP
Insulin PDGFIGFFGFEGF

Cytoplasmic:Steroids
Vit D Intranuclear: PREP
TV Progesterone Estrogen73Ta Vit A
Prolactinoma / lactation supression DOC:
cabergoline
Cardiac valve fibrosis/ useful in DM:
Bromocryphine erythromelagiaalsoBsdef PCV
Dual mechanism osteoporosis: Romosozumab
strontium
TNF-apha inhibitors:Adalimumab /Certolizumab /Etanercept/ Infliximab/Golimumab
IL-1R Antagonist:
Anakinea
IL-6 inhibitor: Tocilizumab Sarilimumab
Co-stimulation inhibitor/CTLA4-:
abatacept
Order of blood draw:Blackcitrate Serum PlasmaEDTA
Kweim test/ CD4: CD8-sarcoidosis glucose
5 1
Chefertothe
Anti-enolase:
Behlet's takhone
MODY3: HNF 1 agene
monogenetic McType3
 Agent Mechanism of action Side effects

Sulfonylureas Increases insulin secretion by inhibiting B- Hypoglycemia , Weight gain

Chlorpropamide cell K+ ATP channels Chlorpropamide:
Glipizide, Glyburide Handestatic
Meglitinides R DMt DI jaundice
Repaglinide, Nateglinide Disulfiramlikereaction
Biguanides Stimulates AMP kinase, decreasing insulin Lactic acidosis, Weight loss, Vit B12 deficiency
Metformin resistance Max reduction in HbA1c
Useful in CV risk mortality
diarrhea CIinCKD
Thiazolidinediones Activates transcription regulator PPAR-g, Weight gain, Heart failure, Hepatotoxic, Fractures
Pioglitazone decreasing insulin resistance Risk of bladder cancer -
Rosiglitazone MI-
Pioglitarone
GLP-1 agonists Increases glucose- dependent insulin Rosightarone
Increase satiety, Weight loss
Exenatide, Liraglutide-SC secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, Pancreatitis –
GLP 1 agonist
Semaglutide-Oral delays gastric emptying Incretion MTC
IV GLP 1
Tirazepatide: + GIP analogue Useful in CV risk mortality agonysf.gg
Nasopharyngitis-
DPP4 inhibitors : ORAL GLP-2 agonist:
Teaughtideshort bowel DPP4 - : CI in renal failure except:
hiragliption
Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin
Amylin Analogue
syndrome
Decreases glucagon secretion, delays Increase satiety
Pramlintide gastric emptying
Type1 2DM
α-glucoside inhibitors Reduces intestinal disaccharide absorption Diarrhea, Flatulence
Acarbose , Miglitol CI in IBD
SGLT2 Inhibitors Increases renal glucose excretion Urinary tract infections , Polyuria (osmotic diuresis)
Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin Useful in CV risk mortality Weight loss Fournier's
gangrene
 Ivabradine: Natchannelslebradycardia
Nicorandil: funny NOrelease
ktopener visualsle
Pein s/e: Apthous ulcer
a s.tt 99 Rho kinase inhibitor:
jalai
Cigarette Fasudit
Neprilysin+ ACE inhibitor:
4129139 omaliphilat
S/e:
cough AE
Neprilysin inhibitor:sacubitr.es e 4kt
Abradykinin
Metabolic modulators (PFOX-): Trimetazione
s/e: aggravating movement disorder
MM + Late inward Na blocker:Ranalaaine
Direct guanyl cyclase activator: Vereciguat
Calcium sensitize: Pimobendan/ Levosimendan
DYSLIPIDEMIC DRUGS: Direct myosin activator: Omecamitiv
Statins-HMG coA reductase inhibitorslemyopathy
Ezitimibe-Absorption –Sle LFT Bainbridge reflex HR
Fibrates-PPAR alpha +semyopathystones
Niacin-HSL –
VRRAP MSFP Bezold-Jarisch reflexPayoff
J reflex
If
peritonealstretching bradycardia
HDLseigout.DM.flushing.my
Alirocumab, Evolocumab-PCSK9- faygigm
Postural hypotension:
Evinacumab: AL3p SBP-DBP-within 3min of standing

Gingival hyperplasia/ Hyperprolactinemia / ATP binding cassette/ AV block/ Constipation/ Pedal edema
PPAR-gamma agonist / Uric acid excretion increase/ TxA2 inhibition
verapamil
Saroglitazar: thanisartan PPAR8
Lanfibranor:
p affluent.E
Murmurs
Systolic
Crescendo-decrescendo ejection Still's murmur
Benign flow murmur due to
murmur, loudest at heart base,
increase CO in peds
AS radiates to carotids
Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing”
murmur
MR: Loudest at apex, radiates toward Caravello's sign
axilla Early systolic in TR on deep
MR TR: loudest at tricuspid area
inspiration
Late crescendo murmur with
midsystolic click (MC) that occurs
after carotid pulse
MVP Best heard over apex

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur

Loudest at tricuspid area
VSD
Murmurs
Diastolic
Early diastolic, decrescendo, high- Graham Steel Murmur
Early diastolic murmur in PAH
pitched “blowing” murmur
AR
Follows opening snap (OS)
Delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur Austin flintrumbling,
Mid-diastolic,
murmur
low-
MS (↓ interval between S2 and OS pitched in AR
correlates with ↑ severity)
Continuous
Continuous machine like murmur, best Carey comb murmur
Mid-diastolic, short, ARF
PDA heard at left infraclavicular area
Antiarrhythmic drugs
Nat
I K-:
IA: channel
Quinidine,
blockers pollinglaucomapts
Procainamine, Disopyramide
cinchoniseddiarrhea
headache tinnitus
IB: K +: Lignocaine, Phenytoin ventricular Doc
poll
only
in for
asthma
arrythmiasLignocaine
digoxininducedarrythmias
IC: K no: Fleicanide, Propafenone
usedinWPW onlyfor MI
proaurythmaticdrugs
II blockers syn 41 in
p
III-Amiodarone, Ibulitide Dofetilide, Sotalol
ate
IV CCBS
Adenosine: Max dose
30mg 6 12 12mg
Dose with theophylline / caffeine:Double
initialdose 12mg
adenosineantagonist diuresis
Anti-obesity drugs:
Phenterminesympatheticanalogue
BupropionNDRI
Zonisamide topiramate
Liraglutide / SemaglutideTELL
TirzepatideGLPGIP
Orlistat, CetilistatTipase
SetmelanotideMelanocortino
LAP low: Translocations
PNH.CM III b is
Pancytopenia with HSM – anytap aplasticanemia
MDS
i iiii
i fiiiiiiiiiii
Pancytopenia with HSM +
neukemia am
Hypodiploidy/ t (9;22)/ t (4;11)
poorprognosis iiiiiiiiii
CYCLIN D1+ / SOX 11+
Idarucizumab: igqfh Andexanet alfa: a i Ciraparantag:
both a
iirnabdomyosarcoma.tk13 1213
Tumor lysis:
kt 8043 Cast uricacid R Hydration AllopurinolRasburicase
Massive BT: pkt 1kt t.cat metabolicacidosis
flb metabolicalkalosis
PRBC: 6C42days 4hours FFP / Cryoppt: s.fi
30C Lyear30mins Platelet: 20
gaays.zoming2
TEGj.gg
Maly30MAPfibeY
t BT is screenedfor
fen
t.is
Syphilis
Malaria
Leukofilter CMV febrilereaction
 Surfactant: Compliance
Surface tension
leftanddown p50 26mmhg
Haldane 02 CO2

CNN 3
adding
depthof
tf gEnBohr wa
fffm.gg 02

breathing

PreBatzinger

RPGN
i ii
i.it iiii area
pacemaker
saturation
sulfted
Methteb

Linear AntiGBM 1.34 Hb

Granular Deposits CURB-65 Scoring OP:0
Pauci-immune: Wegner's MPA Symptom Points IP: 1-2
Confusion 1 ICU: 3-4
Causes of NAGMA
Urea: BUN>19 mg/dL (>7 mmol/L) 1
• Renal tubular acidosis
Respiratory rate>30 breaths /min 1
• Diarrhea Systolic BP <90 mm Hg or 1
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diastolic BP <60 mm Hg
• Ureteral diversion (e.g., ileal loop) Age> 65 years 1
ApneusticcenterAPC depth ofbreathing

Idea breathing
fishffffffffetluntarycontrollest
CNX ANC depthof
pons breathing Mid Pons intact depth

of APCgone
ffFfIfhffu g
1 medulla
PereBotaingercomplex
plcemaker
f.fm
Below Medulla
 IL-4 inhibitor:
Dupilumab

IL-13 inhibitor:
Tralokinumab
Lebrikizumab

SABA
onset
LABAL
Iffy
GINA 2021: DOC-
Formoterol + ICS

ionization
RIOsuicide

hepatotoxic
Apo E2 Alzheimer'sdisease
Apo E4
goodprognosis
PM
Mild: Donepezil
PRITELLA
Severe: Memantine antagonist
Lecanemab, Aducanumab
Transdermal patch:Rivastigmine www.odiesaietsagfyttemispatid what
cells
flame thin Neuritic dominant
Non parietallobe
plaques
Tauprotein
Rotigotine patch: Parkinson's Pickbodies Amyloidβ
preying
Perivascular: 1. Adult spinal cord-Lower border of L1
Ependymoma
Homer Wright: Medulloblastoma 2. Spinal cords in infants-Upper border of L3
Ewing's Neuroblastoma
Flener-Wintersteiner: Retinoblastoma 3. A/D/Subarachnoid space-Lower border of S2
4. Filum terminale-Coccyx

Local anaesthetic: Ag and Ad>> Aα and Aβ >> B >>C

Pressure:
Hypoxia:
A BSC
B A C
A Alpha Proprioception; somatic motor
Beta Touch, pressure
Gamma Efferent to muscle spindles
Delta Fast Pain, temperature (cold)
B Preganglionic autonomic
C Slow Pain, temperature (warm), Postganglionic
sympathetic
 thalamicTract
Spino DorsalColumnTract Corticospinal Tract

crudetouch ant finetouch voluntary fine

pressure proprioception skilledbody
temperature Lat Tactilediscrimination movements
pain vibration fingershand speech

Brown Sequard Syndrome

CST

est a a

I S p
CST Ycspastic paralysisbelowlesion
Sp.N flaccidparalysis at the lesion
CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 5

SURGERY / ANAT/ BIOCHEM

Dr Shreya
ANATOMY
ofmastication
Muscles

I p alis
Elevation Masseter MP
Temporalis

signifying IsfunctionYakking
Cranial nerve Preganglionic Ganglion Postganglionic Structure
nucleus parasympathet parasympathetic
we ic

yi
Edinger- CN III Ciliary Nasociliary nerve Ciliary muscles
Westphal ganglion Short ciliary nerves Temporalis adf.EE
nucleus hgaemtfiic
Superior CN VII Pterygopalati Maxillary nerve Lacrimal gland v3
salivatory ne ganglion (V2) –Zygomatic
nucleus
GGGSPN Gspn branch Sublingual and masseter
Submandibula submandibular their
r ganglion glands intestatthe inserts'at
Effigy Lingual nerve
v3
Inferior CN IX Otic ganglion Auriculotemporal Parotid gland Ramiofmandible theangleofmandible
salivatory nerve
nucleus Frey'ssyer Buccinatorby wt
LPandMPoriginatefrom
Dorsal motor CN X - Vagal Nerve Heart, lungs upper lateralpterygoidplat
nucleus GI
mad mm Syncope LPlowerheadMP depend
aste n Immersion
synvasovagal
syncope
vagalinhibition

Photon ftp.ffgfffff
hinged
namenum
s
SMG
Hypoglossalue

hm
hhfh ifeng.fm
Eunggriessi9gn
Indicationvasoma.ae
 im
i iiii Yin's
21
pkfchs.be
anemia
aidthurgeons
charactery
sinks Twain

at Antenor
wchfffffktaug.gg
op
t.siintfn
bigasaium
any
as Lateral
InfepiA
tuckeymanadal
proximal
egging spittingask.at
aista
Thorazakrabar machus
medianor
Vitellganestinal thinking

Meckel's fecalumbilicus
• PEG Mesonephric
Duct Paraoophrone Epoophoron Gartnerduct
• PAT
Mullerian
derivativesProstatic utricle appendix Testis
• Anterior belly digastric Posterior belly CN 7
V3 1st 2nd arch
• All tongue muscles are supplied by
12ᵗʰ except
palatoglossus aux ph plexus
• All palatal muscles are supplied byPh except Tensor veli
plexus palatini V3
• All pharyngeal muscles are supplied byPh
plexusexceptCricopharyngeus RIN stylopharyngeus CN9
• All laryngeal muscles are supplied by RLN except
cricothyroid ELN
• Short head of biceps, Coracobrachialis
origin coqcfdisapweph.gg minor inerts here
• Reticulin fibres absent in:
Thymus
• Ligamentum flavum rich in: Elastin
• Dense irregular collagen in:
Dermis
• LIP External bffthained
obliquederivatives
• Thyroid moves during deglutition: Pretracheal
• Prevents upward extension:
fascia
bmfffhjfjc.cn rin
•
sternothyroid sternokyoid
Prevents downward extension into mediastinum:
LigamentofBerry
• Between IO and TA: Neurovascular
bundle
 middamhita
Postdivision scapuahuhne

thenar
accessoryman
I
scapuariid

potffgana

Axillaryartery
3divisionsbyPectolarisMinor
AcImiothoracicTubscapularis

9
Biff a
db
Latthoracic
 Nerv Dermatome
Changes After Birth: Closing of
e
sina.tisaesiiggfa.it C5 Lateral antecubital fossa
Shunts
Shunt Functional Anatomi
C6 Thumb closure cal
Easy C7 Middle finger closure
C8 Little finger
Ductus 2-3d 2 – 3 wks
T1 Medial antecubital fossa arteriosus (10-15hrs)
T2 Apex of axilla
cosmopoldhand T4 Nipples Formamen Within One
IN T6 Xiphoid process ovale mins year
Molendment
T10 Umbilicus Ductus Within 3–7
T12 Inguinal ligament venosus mins days
L2 Mid anterior thigh
L3 Knees
DorsalscapularA Trunk L4 Medial aspect of calf
Phrenic L5 Dorsum of foot, Lateral calf
minor S1 Sole, Lateral foot, dorsal calf
Twinkle
Millary A www.soesoiiscaeeaen.es

ii
swot
thimyqe.ci TfL
woman
busicavernosus
aeroplane
splint

Rotatorcuffmuscles
is.es
supraspinatus abduction
Biceps brachialis Éfamous Infraspinatusexternalrotation
I fiiiiiiifiiin I ialis nerve
forearm
sererminer remuneration
subscapularis Internalrotation

I iiiiiiiiii.EE
ain.i i st
carratunniiiiia.im nnai

ftp.ffmity

Median nerve ulnar nerve

Apethumb deformity card Test
Pope's hand EgawaTest
Pen Test Book Test
Pronatorsyndrome cubital Tunnel
 • Incus-stapes • Malleus-incus Atlanto- TMJ • Intercarpal
• Hip • 1st CMC occipital Knee • Intertarsal
• Shoulder • Calcaneo-cuboid • Acromio-
• Talo- • Sterno-clavicular Ellipsoids condylar clavicular
calcaneo- • Costo-
saddle Atlanto- Ankle transverse
navicular
axial Elbow • Costo-
Ballandsocket IP vertebral
PivotNo
fluorosis • Sterno-costal
Hinge except 1st

CUMN LMN plane

MN

gointfbfcartlagenterroseusmemb.ie
fibrous
syndesmosis
 If
itcells
macrophages

hymphnode Thymus spleen Tonsil

subcapsinus Nocortexmedulla crypts
cortex medulla Thankhtpatemedulla Redwhitepulp Nocortexmedulla
follicles NOfollicles
C

Isletsof
pancreas
PCT
glomerulus
aeronian

Rose chondrocytes Elasticcartilage PancreaticIsletcells

of
Fibro
Hyalinecartilage
Colt
kidney
cartilage core
IVD, symphysis, Cricoid, thyroid, arytenoid, Epiglottis, Cuneiform, No perichondrium:Fibrocartilag
Labrum, articular disc articular, trachea Corniculate, ET, Pinna, EAC Articularcartilage Hyalindarinage
 age

BIOCHEMISTRY
 highaffinity
• GLUT-1 /3 Brain kidney placenta erythrocyteshaveGLUT 1 forglucose
• GLUT-2 Insulin Glucokinase km
dependent Liver pancreatic cell se
• Insulin mediated GLUT 4
Heart and skeletalmuscle adiposetissue
• Basic:
•
Arginine Lysine Histidine
Ketogenic only:
Leucine
• Branch chain VIL ValineLysine
Isoleucine Leucine Thiamine
• Aromatic / UV light maximum: Derivatives Niacin melatonsieuetgn.in bestforts L BCRABL
• Universal methyl donor: SAMTryptophan IHodeletomanstocation
amplific
• 21/22nd amino acids
selenocysteine UGA Perolysine UAG Cotranslational modification
• Glycine+ arginine + methionine: is byproduct creatine
• Glycine + cysteine + glutamate: fhggiehemeatim.me of
• Glycine + Glutamine + Aspartate: Purines
• Glutamine + aspartate: CPS I
Pyrimidine
• Telomerase: TTAGGG. RNA dependent DNA polymerase Not
Ribozyme ReverseTranscriptase
• TEMPLATE: ATGATCT
• CODING:
• mRNA
• Pasteur effect : Inhibition of glycolysis by O2 due reducedAMPATP
•
to ratio
Crabtree effect : Lactic acidosis if glucose concentration increased in presence of O2
• HC LA HSL: - Insulin / PG E1 / Niacin eg galactosemia Thadearance
VonGierke'sds
Positiveallostericregulators
ofPFK 1 Fructose 2,6 BP
Negativeallostericregulators ofPFK1 titanate

Protons PDHComplex
3 enzymes
Pyruvatedehydrogenase
Dihydrolipayetransacetylas
Dihydrolipayedehydrogenase
Thiamine is a 5Cofactors
cofactor for Thiamine Bi
FAD B2Riboflavin
DH
TYING NAD B Niacin
CoA Bs Pantothenicacid
Pflansketolase Lipoicacid inhibitedby
RBC assay arsenite
• Cabbage odour
www.ntype2 TAT type3 PHPP Hawskinuria
•
•
MPcadfhfdhsnemhq.ci
Tom cat urine odour
Sweaty feet/ cheesy Isovalericacidemia ey
• Rotting fish aminuria
Trimethyl Keshan's ds deficient
• Glutathione peroxidase, Deiodinase, Thioredoxin reductase Selenium
• Highest thermic effect: Protein alkylds of line stock excess
• RQ carbohydrates: 1
02 02 carky proffers fat alcohol
• Klenow fragment lacks
primer removal
• Vit A: Day 0,1,14 <1yr: 1lakh each >1yr: 2lakh each
• Nucleotide excision :xeroderma
• Base excision: MUTYH
polyposis
pigmentosa Cockayne syn Trichothio
dystrophy
• Mismatch repair:

IE
• NHEJ:
• HEJ: iinconimtarome anockin
• Lamin A gene: Bloom Helicase
Progeria
• Denaturation-95°C Annealing- 55°C Elongation-72° C
• 3-methylhistidine is decreased in urine: Wilson'sdisease
homocitruccine pyrimidine
• Direct positive Van der bergh's reaction: obstructive
Jaundice
• Glucagon challenge test –ve:Von
Gierke's Cori's
• Deamination: C -> U Methylation U -> T FAdeficiency
• Liver cant utilize ketone bodies: hacks Thiophoras
• Sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate, sodium phenylbutyrateNitrogen
scavenger
• 3H syndrome Hyperammonemia homocitrulline ornithinemia
• NADH CoQ reductase Phenobarbitone
•
•
Succinate CoQ Reductase
Cyt C reductase
if Trafffferyn
• 172ftp.deshfyamide.co 1125
Cyt C oxidase (Cu)
• ATP synthase Iv ATPTransporter Atractyloside
Oligomycin
• Most abundant: chondroitin
•
sulphate
GAG with no protein linkage, no sulphate:
•
hyaluronicacid
Cell migration during morphogenesis, wound repair:
Hyaluronic acid
• GAG with no uronic acid, Corneal transparency: Keratan
sulphate
• Sclera, Atherogenic (LDL binding): Dermatan
•
sulfate
LPL on endothelial surface, Plasma membrane receptor, GBM charge selectiveness:
Heparansulfate
• Carnitine shuttle Methionine FA
• Citrate shuttle lysine
• AcetylCoA
Malate shuttleOAA
• Arginine not lipotrophic (choline lecithin methionine)
• Avoided in fish odour syndrome : Choline
SURGERY
• Dohlman Zenker's diverticulum
• Heller
Achalasia cardia
• Foker
TypeATEF
• Kimura duodeno-duodenostomy Duodenal atresia
• Ladd
Malrotation of gut in neonates No air fluidlevels
• Bishop Koop Meconiumileus
cysticfibrosis x ray soapbubbleappearance Neuhauser
• Bascom / Karydakis / Limberg Pilonidal
sinus B Gastrograffin enema 2attempts sign
• Bianchi / STEP
short Bowel syndrome Jedughtide
• TAD Perineal
approach ofRectal prolapse
• Strong procedure SMA Castsyn Wilkiesyndrome
• Mattox:
syn damagecontrolsurgery DCS
Left medial rotation aorta
• Kocher / Cattle-Brasch medial rotation IVC I
Right Imitated
www.mihdconhmamhntation

• Hadfield procedure Duct

ectasia I
Yaathoagulopathyandstabilise
• Sistrunk procedure pt
Thyroglossal cyst Recommended
• Kasai procedure anatomy
EHBA IV DefinitiveAbdominalclosure
• Puestow / Begar / Frey longitudinal PJ
Chronic pancreatitis
 35C
• Damage control surgery
MetacidosispH47.2 coagulopathy hypothermia
• Refeeding syndrome
kt Mg P043
• Brodie tredelenburg / Morrissey/ Schwartz SET tokens
skimp ection
offfffffy.it
• Pratt/ Perthes DVT sugarygaggen

• Fegan:
Perforator incompetence
• Stewart-Way: Bismuth BDstrictures
hap Bile duct
• CBD + Vascular:
Hannuver
• FNAC thyroid adequate:
6clusters 10cells each feminquence
Edith aggregate
• rate
Sign in-time out-sign out
anaesque leaves
incision beforept
• MESS: ELISA
RLN
• Beahr’s triangle
•
Injury
TPM LuminalA best
prognosis
Thakkar
• HAL Seminomamarkers hCG AFPLDH
 min200mwinded

Uroftometry
n 15me s flowrate
urinary ds
obstructive
n 460cm s pressure WeigerMeyert
Retrocavalureter rule
Uppermoiety is
Inferior and Medial
position
proneto obstruction
anddysplasia
Urodynamicstudy Lowermoiety is
forneurogenic superior and lateral
pressure position
poet pres pAbd prone to VUR
 Van Nuys: Age, grade, margins, size

20 SSI
not
Festina
lc ffEiim
Effi.fi
10 201
NO Pelvic
Retroacal subcecal
Paracecal
NO 2 10.1

221
SIRS –2 or more +:
Core Temperature ˂36oC or ˃ immediate
38oC
HR >90bpm
RR ˃20/min or Pco2 ˂32 mmHg PxDietary
WBC count ˃12,000 /μL, 0 1 Nothighish
qSOFA modification
<4000/μL, 10% bands
RTS 2 3 Highrisk early
TRIAGE:
Immediate: immediately life-threatening injuries
Delayed: urgent injuries requiring treatment within 6 hours
Minimal: walking wounded
Dead

Life
Threatening
Injuries
MYOPECTINEAL ORIFICE:
Conjoint tendon
Peaud orange Iliopsoas muscle
Tub Lacunar ligament
Model For End Stage Liver Disease (MELD)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
INR
Revised:
at
NAZER index:
Wilson'sprognosis
Bilirubin
PT/INR
AST
Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD)
-Total bilirubin
-Albumin
-Age (˂ 1 Y)
-Growth failure
-INR

Criterion

A Additional Treatment

S Serous discharge

E Erythema

P Purulent exudates

S Separation of deep tissues

I Isolation of bacteria

S Stay in hospital prolonged over 14 days

CHHOTI COPY REVISION: PART 6

OPTHAL / PEDS / RADIO/ ENT

Dr Shreya
PEDIATRICS
• Ponderal index FEY 91cm 2 normal seen in symmetrical IUGR Asymfietrhtaeeead.fiing
• PLAN B some latedeceleration
dehydration Irritable thirstychild drinkseagerly ORS IV 75ml kg over 4hours

I
• PLAN Csevere
•
dehydration Lethargic drinks poorly IV 100Mt 19 38Th
Fluid of choice RV SAM RL 5 dextrose 1 NS 5 dextrose
If 2
S
Eff gfy.rs
• CRASH and burnKawasakidisease B 1 nonpurulentconjunctivitis Rashpalmsgsoles adenopathy 1 5am
Re IV Aspirin strawberrytonguehandswelling fever 5days Mccompmyocard
• Nusinersen / Onasemnogene: Zolgensma/ Risdiplam:
ILMNflaccid Spinal Muscular Atrophy FloppyBabysyn
paralysisDTR absentfaniculations
• Cyanotic Congenital heart disease -> Oligemia ysahupdmmfet.ci Eastern's
anomaly TOF
-> Plethora Truncus arteriosus TGA VSD TAPVC
• Blalock Taussing shunt RSCA PA Gotten
graftgfppyggenesmm.hn
• Acute epiglottitis Thumb
sign Mccworldwide me India HB ReAirway Ivceftriaxone
• CroupProdromeStridor mild Alexa0.6mgkg
Barkingcough Mcc Parainfluenza
steeplesign ibiphasic
R mod severe Nebulisedracemicepinephrine
• Neonatal screening: heel 35 Test TSH CAH TMS PKU GuthrieTest
by prick day oflife
on for
• Congenital hypothyroidism next step:
RAIU scan USG
• CAH
Ambiguous genitalia with shock Femalepseudohermaphrodite
• CHPS metabolic derangement
Hypokalemia hypochloremicmetabolicalkalosis withparadoxical
aciduria
CAH shock ambiguousgenitalia PulmonaryPeethova
femalepseudohermaphrodite
TAPVC TGA Thutmusiosus
deficiency MC Testosterone largepedicle smallpedicle
2ndHSwideand largepedicle
4721 OH IBP fixed hing CARsittingduck
4 11 04 BP e superacardiacema
Instead
xx 17 0H TBP Thiforacardiacrognosis of
screeningtest 1704 progesterone Sarangement
CARSnowman
R 0.9 Naclbolus RAlprostadil
figureof8sign Rashkndalseptostomy
Hudiocortisonet
in supracardiac
Arterialswit
oralFludrocortisone

CyanoticHeartDisease
Pulmonary oligemia

10 Thespk
stenosis
III
Iuggidingaorta Iris
fffffffgytfm.info
B

CYWB.es
sabotalthitintake
heart
Affiatiation
pyffffist
squatting ship heart
02 Kawasaki Disease
Morphine
Bblockers
SxRSCA
Bshunt agenesis dysgenesis ectopic
PA
shunt
Waterston
RAIN
Pot shiint fffgf fkwfu.ua no need
ID.es.A LPA
USG forUSG
• Preterm HIE: Periventricularleukomalacia
spasticdiplegia earlyhandedness incerebralpalsy
• Term HIE: Parasagittal infarctspasticquadriplegia
statusmarmarotus mc Choreoathetoid Kernicterustype
• Preterm IVH IOC: DWI to rule out IVH in
USG preterm germinalmatrix
hhÑEg
• Meconium plug syndrome:
cysticfibrosis
• Apnea of prematurity: 2-7d ifywfgÉhfgho fempkhau.sk
• Turners: SNHL / celiac / IBD/ DDH/ scoliosis/ CVS/ Renal/ Hashimoto Down's CHLlast50M
n Ia CoA horseshoekidney Noonan syndrome
bicuspids
sowithTurner's
phenotype
• Pulmonary stenosis- JAG1 (chr 20)
Alagillesyndrome
• Supravalvular AS (Chr 7)
Williganey syndrome Elfinbabies hypercalcemia Digeorge CATCH22
• SRNS 41 6 weeks

BiopsyRIOFSGS
tacrolimus
steroid p
addthis.no fkffff
cyclophosphamide age 8years
Levamisole mild
Sepsis Screen
132
• Leukopenia (TLC ˂ 5000)
• Neutropenia (ANC ˂ 1800)
• Immature neutrophil to
• total neutrophil (I/T) ratio ˃0.2
• Micro-ESR ˃ 15mm 1st hour
• CRP + ve

Composition ReSoMal
(mmol/L)
Standard ORS
(mmol/L)
Reduced
osmolarity ORS
HSPcriteria
Glucose 125 111 75
Sodium 45 90 75 t
Potassium 40 20 20 Intussusception
Chloride 70 80 65 www.anygiosinmmigt
Citrate 7 10 10
Magnesium 3 --- ---
Zinc 0.3 --- ---
Copper 0.045 --- ---
Osmolarity 300 311 245
(mOsm/L)
Silverman Anderson for Preterms Downe's
Score 0
score1 2
Respirate <60 60-80 >80
Rate
Cyanosis None No cyanosis Cyanosis with
with oxygen oxygen

Retraction None Mild Moderate to

s severe
Grunting None Audible with Audible without
stethoscope stethoscope
Air Entry Good Decreased Barely Audible

Reduced
osmolarityORS
1
Nacl 2.698917
KU 1.59M
Natcitrate2.9gm
glucose 13.59M
 constitutional
PVgas
catchup
delayedmany pneumatosis
goandtitutionary intestinalis
Effgage

Familial fffage
afim.cl
NEC
RF Preterm
formula PDA
Modified Bell's staging
IA BAT Bradycardia apnea tempinstability 3days

me is aa i mi iienia.nsas
IA Absentbowelstounds Pneumatosisintestinalis7 10da
aaa
A BAD Bradycardia Apnea acidosis DIC 14days
IB Pneumoperitoneum R surgery fluids
 Phototherapy
structuralIsomerization
Bilirubin humiru
Distance 3045cm
wavelength 450nm
fishcake 30uw cm nm

CF: Chromosome:
-MC mutation: ΔF 5708 Phehfalanine
-MC class of mutation:class2
Trafficking
-Trikafta: Elexacaftor + Tezacaftor + Ivacaftor potentiator
corrector
PGAR 3 PH47.0 Hypotonia severe birthasphyxia
Pulse auscultation
f battachingcardiac
monitor
Vascularaccess at UVC
3mV start cin 1min
saturat term 211
Preterm 35wks21301
RR 40 60DPMNeonates
CC 3 1
IVEpinephrine 1 10,000
002mg kg
v to Saturation monitoring done at:RUL
preductal
RADIOLOGY
 fifth.fin pus

Ringenhancing
lesions
Neurocysticercosis
Tuberculoma
Toxoplasmosis

DWI Brainabscess
predisposed
by
DiffusionRestriction Cerebral Abscess tis Liver abscess
Abscess
Metastasis
Ischemicstroke cytotoxicedema
Tumorhypercellular
Epidermydratistfilled
 iii
m
off

Chiari malformation Dandy Walkermalformation

BananaLemonsign Posteriorfossa cyst Posterior fossaenlargement
C2 C1 vs veinof Galenmalformation Cerebellarvermis agenes
tonsillarherniation Largetortuousvein
Neonate HighOPCF Bruit
 MEDIASTINUM

of

Massive pleuraleffusion collapse consolidation

Hemothorax IL shiftofmediastinum Noshift in mediastinum
CLshift ofmediastinum
 Kerley B lines
KerleyA
lines So LVfailure whichincreases LApressurewhich
inturncauses Pulmonary veindilatation
ᵈ at Interlobular
septaledema
40 d t PVdilatation

E I
iii KerleyBlines

2 Puffy a

Gatting
ARDS
Non cardiogenic Pulmonary
edema
 Stomach

almonary abscess Hydropneumothorax DiaphragmaticInjury HiatalHernia

Air fluidlevel CI ICD Rollingtype
CI ICD
ailing Monadsign In sliding hernia
Aspirginimitih.fi onlyGETcomesup
 Kartagener syndrome
Dynein arm defect
Dextrocardia
sinusitis
hehart

Infertility 1 sus
R
stomach
Bronchiectasis
 cast
Dermoid cyst
Teratoma
Benign m
Young females
joint
sacroiliac
 RUQ pain intermittent Incidental

CholelithiasisGBstones
hyperechoicstonecpost comet tail
IOCUSG
acousticshadow Adenomyomatosis
stonesare not cholesterol
nojaundice crystals
radiopaque
WESwallechoshadow RokitanskyAschoff
sign way sinuses
shadow

stone contracted
 heavilyT2WMRI
intensity

allffy
s

MRCP 172W UBstone with Post Enter calcified fibroid

non invasive
acousticshadow
fine Elderly
nocontrast
noradiation stones are hyperechoic Lamellated Softtissuemass
3Dstone stone absorbs waves Asymmetrical
radiolucent passingthrough it and Bladder wall calcification Navigatedappearance
refractso it lookswhite Fetalskullappearance
Howevernosoundwaves
passthroughareabehindit
sohyperechoic
 Swelling +

E
µ

Brodie's

GCT Osteoclastoma ABC Chondroblastoma

30 40years Codman'stumor
Epiphysealtumor
ÑÉphysealtumor 20years
soapbubbleappearance soapbubbleappearance Epiphyseal tumor
giantcell mononuclearcell R Externalcurettage HPE chickenwirecalcification
B Externalcurettage grafting R Externalcurettage
grafting grafting
 5yr old low SES, low bone density 5yr old short stature, normal bone density

one s

Wimberger
sign

Rickets Scurvy
cupping fraying Smooth outlinewhiteline
Healed rickets WhitelineIrregular Wimbergersign Achondroplasia
Rosary Nontender blunt Whiteline ofFrenkel Rhizometic Proximalshorteni
Rosary Tender Pointed Chevron's sign
Flatbone DD Popcorncalcifica
Pelvis adenomabreas
Fibro
Scapula Lunghamartoma
Metastasis chondrosarcoma
Δ Chondrosarcoma
Popcorn
calcification
Ringand are
matrix
DOPPLER WAVEFORMS

Triphasic Monophasic
in extremityarteriesand Blood returns inonedirection
arterioles inveins
pulsationvariation withHRand
respiration
Nochange in systoleanddiastole
stenosedarteries
Noflow in complete occlusion
Biphasic
in visceralarteries
 CONTRAST MEDIA

Contrast Modality Route Pre- Complication

media requisite
IODINATED CIN contrast Induced Nephropathy
CONTRAST X Ray
I Rp Scheatby0.5mg in 48hours
CT Prevention hydration
GADOLINIUM
MRI IV RFT NSF Nephrogenicsystemicfibrosis

SONOVUE
Ro sulfaallergy
USG IV
skin
failure because
pulmonary excretion
BARIUM
perforation obstruction postop
X Ray oral CXR PA e
enema
Find caneng.mn
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE
Occupational Exposure Public Exposure

Overall • 20 mSv/ year averaged 1 mSv/y

over 5-year consecutive

• 30 mSv in any single year

Pregnant female 2 mSv/y 1 mSv/y

TLD badge
personal dosimeter
tocheckthe amountof
exposure to radiation
Lif Cas Leadapron
04 ofapronu
Thickness
worn belowleadapron mc 0.5mm
at chestlevel min 0.25mm
checked 3 monthly
 OPHTALMOLOGY
Keratoconus
Munson'ssign
Rizzuti'ssign
IocCornealtopography
R INTACS
Keratoplasty
Haab striaeCongenital
juÑtnÑmsᵗ Horizontalbreaksin Descemet'smembrane Blepharospasm lacrim Pyon
p
Vogt straieKeratoconus vertical linesin Descemet's membrane posteriorstroma
KF ring Wilson'sdisease copperdeposition in Descemet's membrane
Fleischer ring Keratoconus Iron deposition in Epithelium
MICROANEURYSM:DiabeticRetinopathy Innernuclearlayer
Hemorrhages-Dot and bot / HARD EXUDATES: OuterPlexiform layer
Flame shaped/ COTTON WOOL/ Soft exudates: Nerve fibre layer
Richardson Koeppe: Directgonioscope
Pachymeter:thickness Keratometry: curvature
Marcus Gunn pupil: ON RAPD Rule
outMultiplesclerosis
Adie tonic pupil:Postganglionic Parasympathetic 0.125.1 Pilocarpine constricts
Argyll Robertson pupils: 3 Syphilis ARP
Hutchinson's pupil: Uncal herniation I L 3rdCN
Wernicke’s pupil: Optictractlocalization
Outer BRB RPE CSR Inner BRB: Capillary CME
Coxsackie A24/ Entero70 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in MEain iii.aYiiE s ii i
 PhacomorphicshallowAC Phacolytic Deep AC
Preseptal cellulitis Eyelid swelling
Orbital cellulitis Proptosis
Orbital apex / Tolosa Hunt It got IL 3.4 6 V1 IN2
Cavernous sinus thrombosis B L CNG

Photocoagulation Photoablation Photodisruption

Nd Glass (1053nm)
Double freq Nd-Yag (532nm) Argon fluoride Excimer Nd-Yag (1064nm)
Argon laser (193nm)

PRP PDR LASIK PCO

Peripheral.IR gtOMY
LaserTrabeculoplasty POAG
 ILM

NFL

Fuoresceindye Lissamine RoseBengaldye

cobaltbluefilter greendye
afford

Angle subtended by
topmost letter when
viewed from 6m:

1 VA 5 Rhodopsingene 3922
Imster'sgrid Hess Chart
acufar Diplopia
Amsler'ssign in FHI
ENT
 total
•Etihuemony
Moure incision:Inverted mandhairafyingGluck-Sorenson:Total
Weber Ferguson:
papilloma laryngectomy
• Trotter triad: NPCA
Trigeminalneuralgia palatalpalsy CHL altserous on glue ear
• Gradenigo syndrome:
Apicalpeterositis retrorbitalpain diplopia chronic ear discharge
• Grisel:Atlanto axialdislocation
• Griesenger: lateral sinus thrombosis Nasopharyngeal
cyst
minantcyst
greaterpalatineartery hematoma Lefort1
• Guerin sign
• SMT:
Pyramid andlateraltofacialrecess
www.tudou idmramiifg
f
talecular
me site
forresidual
• Weber test: epiglottis
• ECOG SP/AP >30% recurrentcholesteratoma
Menier'sdisease U TVS
• EECOLIMA
i 345 AuditoryPathway
at
• LVESPAstructures not visible on Indirect haryngoscopy
laryngealpartofepiglottis vestibule epiglottis sub
glotticarea post.my dpnffggssa
É
• All muscles supplied byRLN except
cricothyroidcentbranchof SIN
• Safety muscle larynxPosterior
cricoarytenoid abduction
wmoimontue
• Tracheostomy: me b w 2nd 3rd Mc comp pressurenecrosis Panhandle
 • UMN facial N: CL
Sparingoffrontalis emotionalmovements toneof facial muscles
• Crocodile tears:
gustatory lacrimation GSPN
• Frey syndrome:
gustatory sweating ATN
• Promontory, high frequency sounds: Basal turn lowfreq apical
• Stria vascularis (Scala media): 2
Endolymph kt
• Lushka tonsil- Adenoid GT A
• Gerlach tonsil - Tubal Perilymph Nat
fromcochlearaqueduct

Thyroplasty
magic.si
1-Medialisation
2-Lateralisation RIN
palsy iiha
3- Shortening/ relaxation puberphonia
Guttman Msk Ineffective
4- Lengthening/ tightening
androphonia sublingual is alwayssaved
 40
angle

Pierre's view Caldwellview Towne'sview Schuller'sfawn's Stenner'sview

JNA
ossiculardiscontinuity

SPF Retakshakhdhagat
serouson normal
PPF
ITF sclerosis
Tolerable sound level:90dB
TM rupture:150dB