ROMANIA - Major Geological Units

TB

PD - Pannonian Depression, MP - Moesian Platform, GD - Getic Depression, TB -

Transylvanian Basin, ECU - East Charpathian Units, MoP - Moldavian Platform, BD - Barlad
Depression, NDP - Northern Dobrogean Promonthory, AM - Apuseni Mountains, E – Eruptive,
MD - Maramures Depression, Charpathians - Charpathian Mountains, Black Sea

ROMANIA - Major Geological Units with hydrocarbons

TB
PD - Pannonian Depression, MP - Moesian Platform, GD - Getic Depression,
TB - Transylvanian Basin, ECU - East Charpathian Units, MoP - Moldavian Platform,
BD - Barlad Depression, NDP - Northern Dobrogean Promonthory, MD - Maramures
Depression, Black Sea
PD - Pannonian Depression, MP - Moesian Platform, GD - Getic Depression, TB -
Transylvanian Basin, ECU - East Charpathian Units, MoP - Moldavian Platform, BD - Barlad
Depression, NDP - Northern Dobrogean Promonthory, MD - Maramures Depression, Black
Sea

Moesian Platform Overview

The source rocks:
- grayish-brown , blackish marls, argillites and black argillaceous schists (Ordovician-Silurian - Lower
Devonian);
- carbonate, consisting of limestones and dolomites (Middle-Upper Devonian - Lower Carboniferous);
- blackish-gray argillites (Upper Carboniferous);
- black shales (Dogger), located in the central-western part of the Moesian Platform;
- pelites (Badenian and possibly Sarmatian).
The reservoir rocks:
- fissured dolomites, pelletal grainstones and boundstones (Middle Devonian – Lower Carboniferous) ;
- sandstones and conglomerates (Middle-Upper Carboniferous) ;
- sandstones of the middle sandy complex (Lower Triassic);
- dolomites and limestones (Middle Triassic);
- sandstones, sands and microconglomerates (Upper Triassic);
- sandstones and microconglomerates (Middle Jurassic);
- fissured limestones, organogenous limestones, reef limestones and dolomitizated limestones
(Cretaceous);
- sands and sandstones and limestones (Sarmatian);
- sands and sandstones (Meotian and Pontian).
The seal rocks:
- carbonate plate (Middle Devonian - Lower Carboniferous);
- shales (Permian);
- shales (Middle Jurassic);
- marls and shales (Albian);
- compact marls (Cenomanian and Turonian);
- chalky limestones (Upper Cretaceous);
- pelitic horizons (Upper Sarmatian);
- pelitic sequences (Meotian);
- marls (Pontian and Dacian);

The traps:
- diagenetic traps due to the different maturity degree of the sandstones at the level of the basal arenitic sequence
(Ordovician – Middle Silurian);
- lithological traps - Tlenticular arenitic interbeds (Silurian –Middle Devonian);
- lithological and diagenetic traps (Middle Devonian – Lower Carboniferous) occurrence related to:
- porous calcarenitic bodies, sealed by compact limestones or anhydrites;
- reef limestones;
- dolomites with secondary porosity;
- karstified/fractured limestones (massive drilling fluid losses);
- lithologic traps, paleogeomorphic traps and diagenetic traps (Permian – Lower Triassic, Middle Triassic);
- paleogeomorphic traps, non-structural traps (Upper Triassic);
- lithological traps (Middle Jurassic), in the central-southern part of the Moesian Platform;
- paleogeomorphic traps (underlying unconformable), lithological traps (reef bodies and the oolitic banks) and
diagenetic traps (dissolution - karstification processes ) (Upper Jurassic);
- lithological traps (reef bodies, calcarenitic bodies), diagenetic traps and paleogeomorphic traps (erosional
truncations) (Lower Cretaceous);
- underlying unconformable traps, diagenetic traps (paleokarst) and lithologic traps (reef and calcarenitic bodies)
(Lower Cretaceous - Neocomian);
- diagenetic/postdiagenetic traps (differential compaction/fracturing at a regional scale), . non-structural traps
specific to the carbonate formations (reef or calcarenitic body, dissolution, karstification or fracturing processes)
(Lower Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous);
- lithologic traps, diagenetic traps, stratigraphic traps (Albian);
- dominantly stratigraphic traps - paleogeomorphic traps („shoestring” type traps resulting from the warping of
peleovallleys, located in the central part of the Moesian Platform), and also lithologic and diagenetic traps (the
end of the Senonian till the Badenian , locally Sarmatian and even the Meotian);
- lithological traps (Upper Middle Sarmatian, Meotian);
- lithological traps (the lenticular-type), in the north-eastern part of the Moesian Platform (Pontian).

Getic Depression Overview

The source rocks:
- dark gray, shales and marls, pelitic interbeds (Middle-Upper Oligocene, Upper Burdigalian, Sarmatian,
Meotian and Pontian);
The reservoir rocks:
- sandy complex, occasionally conglomeratic (Oligocene);
- sandstones (Upper Burdigalian);
- sandstone and sand beds which are continuously or lens-shaped developed (Sarmatian);
- sands and sandstones (Meotian);
The seal rocks:
- pelitic deposits, blackish-bituminous shales and gray, blackish, sandy, micaceous marls (Oligocene);
- marls and then reddish shales (Upper Burdigalian);
- marl formations, the gypsum and salt formations, schist formations (Badenian);
- marl (Sarmatian);
- marls in the lower half, and shales in the upper half (Pontian);
The traps:
- domed stratiphorm, structural traps - tectonically sealed field, stratigraphic traps (Sarmatian and
Burdigalian);
- lithologic traps (Oligocene);

Pannonian Depression Overview

The source rocks:
- pelites (Badenian) - the main generation formation;
- pelites (Lower Pontian) - the generation took place only over restricted areas, in the maximum lowered
zones.
The reservoir rocks:
- conglomerates and sandstones (Badenian and Sarmatian);
- sandstones and sands (Pliocen);
- upper altered and fissured zone of the crystalline basement.
The seal rocks:
- shales, argillaceous limestones and marls.
The traps:
 - stratigraphic, lithologic traps are formed on the erosional prominences of the crystalline basement
covered by the Miocene sediments;
- structural traps occur in the Sarmatian and in the Pannonian - Pontian, formed by the basement
prominences moulding, occasionally faulted;
- mixed traps are related to pinching-outs or erosional trucations of deltaic bodies, occasionally faulted;
- masive traps at the level of the crystalline basement .

Maramures Depression Overview

The source rocks:
- menilitic, disodilic schists and bituminous marls and shales.
The reservoir rocks:
- sandstones (Oligocene).
The seal rocks:
- shales and marls.
The traps:
- stratigraphic traps.

Transylvanian Basin Overview

The source rocks:
- pelites (Badenian and Sarmatian).
The reservoir rocks:
- conglomerates and sandstones (Badenian and Sarmatian);
- sandstones and sands (Badenian and Sarmatian).
The seal rocks:
- tuff, salt, schist and marl, shales (Badenian and Sarmatian).
The traps:
- structural traps , dome-shaped which in certain cases there are faulted.

Moldavian Platform Overview

The source rocks:
- pelites (Silurian and Badenian).
The reservoir rocks:
- localy – sandy interbeds belonging to the supraanhydritic complex (Badenian);
- sandstones and sands (Sarmatian).
The seal rocks:
- anhydritic complex and supraanhydritic complex (Badenian);
- marly-argillaceous intervales (Sarmatian).
The traps:
- structural traps (tectonically, gentle vaults and monoclines) ((Badenian and Sarmatian);
- stratigraphic traps (pinch-outs) ((Badenian);
- lithological traps (Sarmatian).

Barlad Depression and Northern Dobrogean Promonthory Overview

The source rocks:
- black limestones (Triasic);
- shales (Dogger);
- pelites (Badenian, Sarmatian and Meotian).
The reservoir rocks:
- limestones (Triasic);
 - sandstones (Dogger);
- sandstones and sands (Badenian, Sarmatian and Meotian).
The seal rocks:
- marly-argillaceous intervales.
The traps:
- stratigraphic and lithological traps.

East Charpathian Units Overview

The source rocks:
- menilitic schists, disodilic schists and white bituminous marls.
The reservoir rocks:
- sandstones (Oligocene and Eocene);
- sandstones and sands (Sarmatian).
The seal rocks:
- pelitic interbeds;
- shales and marls (Eocene);
- dysodiles and menilites and Saliferous formation (Oligocene);
- argillaceous and marl interbeds (Miocene and Pliocene).
The traps:
- structural traps (large folds, faulted on the flanks, imbricated folds) (Eocene and Oligocene);
- stratigraphic and lithological traps (Sarmatian and Meotian).

Black Sea (offshore) Overview

The source rocks:
- schists (Oligocene);
- older formations, belonging to Neocomian, Jurassic or even Paleozoic have to be investigated as source
rocks;
- possible pelitic formations (Lower Pontian).
The reservoir rocks:
- sandstones, microconglomerate and sandy limestones (Albian);
- limestones with intercalations of sandstones and microconglomerate (Upper Cretacious);
- sandstones, microconglomerate, conglomerate and limestones (Eocen);
- sandstones and sands (Pontian and Dacian).
The seal rocks:
- pelitic sequences (Pliocene);
- shales, marl or tight limestones.
The traps:
- combined nature, structural, stratigraphic and lithological traps.