BACOOR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- MAIN

Molino 1, City of Bacoor, Cavite

Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract

as an alternative Hand sanitizer

A Scientific Investigatory Project

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research 1

Proponents:

Alcaria, Arianne Kaye C.

Baligod, Sabrina Solemn A.

Cabrera, James T.

Orquillos, Jessie Jamisto

Papina, Biencarlo C.

Submitted to:

KRISELLA MARIE T. NARIO

Research Adviser

Submitted on:

April 16, 2024

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Problem

Would Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract be an
alternative Hand sanitizer? In terms of:
 Scent
 Texture
 Color
 Viscosity
 Drying time

1.2 Hypothesis
Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract as an alternative
Hand sanitizer. In terms of:
 Scent
 Texture
 Color
 Viscosity
 Drying time

1.3 Background of the Study

When Covid-19 hits the nation and the world as a whole, many of us are
left unguarded, especially in the Philippines. Aside from the health protocols the
World Health Organization (WHO) and the national government have mandated
such as social distancing, regular washing of hands and keeping oneself healthy,
people have resorted to alcohols and sanitizers to protect themselves from the
virus. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022)., usage of
alcohol-based sanitizers is recommended as a great alternative if soap and water
is not available. On the other hand, According to P. Prajapati. (2022). multi-
experts have

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mandated or proclaimed the utilization of hand sanitizers as a safety measure

from infectious diseases such as Covid 19.

Even though the pandemic is over, using alcohols and sanitizer has
become a prominent and regular practice among people to avoid infectious
diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, malaria, diphtheria and other
transmittable virus. The provision of alcohol and sanitizers is a common sight to
various establishment and locations.

It is noticed that due to increased demand for alcohol and sanitizers, their
prices have also increased. Due to this issue, some people in remote areas or
people with financial problem had a hard time on accessing hand sanitizers to
protect them from the looming viruses. According to the Fortune Business Insight.
(2020)., the impact of COVID-19 on hand sanitizer market is expected to be on a
strong foot fold as there is an increasing demand for the product around the
world. Moreover, alcohols and sanitizers contain chemical elements and
compounds that can be hazardous to health and the environment. According to
T. C. Dublin. (2022)., utilization of alcohol based-hand sanitizer gels has released
about 2% of the world’s carbon footprint. Stated by J. Verma. (2023). Production
of Hand sanitizer from fruit peels helps on solving waste management issue. This
can help on reducing perennial environmental pollutants, fulfilling the SDG9
related to innovation, infrastructure and innovation. Also, herbal hand sanitizers
carry organic ingredients that comes from sustainable plant sources. These
materials are less hazardous to the environment and more biodegradable than
the chemical-based ones used in traditional sanitizers. This would help save
marine and land life from health risk.

On the other Hand, According to Z. Azelee et al. (2020). and K. Fallica et

al. (2021)., over usage of hand hygiene products can cause serious infections
such as skin irritation or reaction. One of the most viral irritant contacts is
dermatitis This can result to skin irritation, dryness and pore enlargement making
the skin more exposed to infections. According to Alghamdi. (2021). and Booq et
al. (2021)., today, herbal disinfectants are being promoted in the industrial sector
as an alternative and environmentally-acceptable method of disinfection. As of
now, herbal disinfectants or bio-disinfectants are advertised to industrial branch
as a potential substitute and an eco-friendly acceptable way of disinfection. A
large number of researchers from different companies are examining novel
antimicrobials for utilization in the manufacture of phytochemicals.

According to research studies, the seed extract of Lansium Domesticum

(Lanzones) was tested against bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

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Bacillus subtilis, accharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus,

Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. The Lanzones peel extract was also
tested against bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans,
Salmonella typhi, accharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus niger and Escherichia
coli. Both peels and seeds show moderate-high antimicrobial activity against
these bacteria. This demonstrates that the Lansium Domesticum (Lanzones) peel
and seed extract have antimicrobial activity against these bacteria to avoid
infections and sickness.

According to Winston Craig's pharmacological research. (2022).,

Lanzones fruit has an array of bioactivities including anti-malarial, anti-feedant,
anti-aging, wound healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial,
antimutagenic, insecticidal and larvicidal. Based on studies, the seed extract of
Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) can be applied to the skin as a moisturizer. It
boosts the immune system, helps in skin repair and in reducing inflammation. In
this instance, seed extract of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) can be a potential
substitute for emollients for hand sanitizer. According to Vianelle del Mundo.
(2019). bioethanol from Lanzones peelings and from standard ethanol has shown
no significant difference. Hence, the bioethanol from the Lanzones peel can be a
potential substitute for alcohol and hand sanitizer.

In this light, this study aims to examine the potential of Lansium

domesticum (Lanzones) peelings and seed extract as an acceptable, cost-
efficient, eco-friendly and chemical-free hand sanitizer.

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1.4 Conceptual Framework

Lansium Quality Hand Sanitizer:

domesticum
(Lanzones) peel and  Scent
seed extract  Texture
 Color
(200 mL)
 Viscosity
 Drying time

FIGURE 1. Connection of Independent and Dependent Variable

Figure 1 shows the connection between the independent variable

Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) fruit peel and seed extract and dependent
variable (Hand sanitizer) of this research. The researchers tested the quality
of the hand sanitizer by measuring its scent, texture, color, drying time, and
viscosity.
1.5 Significance of the Study

The discoveries and findings in this study will yield significant and
favorable effects to the community as a whole. People with weak immune system
will be protected against any looming virus by using an equally effective hand
sanitizer that is cheaper than what is prevailing in the market. Transmission of
virus from one person to another will be minimized mitigating the risks of another
pandemic. Also, the said sanitizer is chemical-free because the main ingredient is
derived from a natural product which is a fruit. It is organic because it is made up
of carbon covalent hydrogen compounf. The use of this sanitizer will also help in
reducing chemical exposure which can cause skin irritations and allergic
reactions to some. A lot of people will look at the peelings of a Lansium
domesticum (Lansones) differently should they learn about its benefits and
potentials. It may increase awareness on how nature and its products can really
provide solutions to perpetual problems of the society such as spread of disease
and costly medicines. People will go back to nature for eco-friendly solutions and
veer away from radicals and chemicals that are altogether unhealthy and harmful

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not just to the body but to Mother Earth as a whole. The results of this research
may benefit environmental organizations on spreading advocacy on how to
reduce wastes and how it can be used to help the society on creating a Hand
sanitizer that came from organic waste like the Lansium Domesticum (Lanzones)
fruit peels and seeds. Health Organizations such as the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the Department of Health (DOH) may also benefit from
this study. These organization have a great interest in encouraging proper hand
hygiene practices to help prevent the spread of infectious illness. If Lansium
Domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract is found to be useful as a hand
sanitizer, these organizations may include it in their guidelines and
recommendations. Pharmaceutical, cosmetic and personal care industries that
involves on manufacturing to develop hand sanitizers, disinfectant and other
personal care product. They may use Lanzones peels and seed extract as an
alternative ingredient for their products. Medical professionals such as pediatrics
and dermatologist may have interest on utilizing effective alternative hand
sanitizers from fruit wastes that can be used in clinic and hospitals. They can also
recommend this to their patients as well. People living from remote areas
frequently encounters challenges and problems in gaining access on health
service and basic hygiene products due to location remoteness and limited
infrastructure. This study suggests a viable solution that is local and accessible,
meeting the health requirements of remote community. This study has also
opened up imaginations and ideas that can lead to culmination into the world of
business and take advantage of opportunities that are present in nature which
are just waiting to be uncovered and realized. Hand sanitizers made from
Lanzones peel and seed extract is not invented yet. This means that this study
fills up the research gap by providing new evidences, findings and insights that
help to contribute to the development and advancement of related researches.
Moreover, this study can also be used as a basis and reference for future
research. This can be used as a point of comparison for future investigation on
the toxicity of plants that came from the same family or genus of Lansium
domesticum (Lanzones).

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1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focused on the potential of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones)

peel and seed extract to perform as a substitute ingredient for hand sanitizer that
is acceptable in terms of color, scent, texture and viscosity that is made from
bioethanol and macerated seed. The research study was conducted in a
laboratory at Bacoor National High School Main here in Bacoor, Cavite. The
Lansium Domesticum (Lanzones) fruit was bought from a local market in Cavite.
The experiment lasted for one month, from collection of materials to testing. The
qualities of the experimental hand sanitizer were tested in terms of color, texture,
scent, viscosity, and drying time.

Although there are some limitations when it comes to this study, the
researchers were not able to determine the exact concentration of the bioethanol.
Moreover, the researchers were not able to determine the zone of inhibition of the
hand sanitizer, the researchers were not able to examine the hand sanitizer
towards different bacteria such as E. coli and P. aeruginosa, the researchers
were not able to do organoleptic characterization or skin irritation and gas
chromatography study for the Hand sanitizer, the researchers were not able to
determine the speed of action, how long does the action last, moisture content,
moisture effect, drying effect, and PH level of the Hand sanitizer. The researchers
were not able to conduct anti-oxidant testing. The researchers were not able to
get the pure extract of the bioethanol. Lastly, according to WHO protocols, when
doing hedonic testing for hand sanitizer, you should have a total of 40
respondents but the researcher’s testing only has 20 respondents.

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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature (RRL) and Review of Related study (RRS)

This chapter presents the review of the related literature and studies
from both foreign and local which provides the background, insight and parallel
studies to the current investigation. This chapter also presents the operational
definition of terms.

2.1 Review of Related Literature

Typhoid disease is one of the viral infectious diseases that becomes

trendy because of the infection with pathogenic bacteria. The bacterium
Salmonella typhi is the origin of the transmissible illness typhoid. Duku skin is one
plant that has antimicrobial properties. Using 96% ethanol as a solvent, duku fruit
peel leaves were extracted through maceration. In order to discover whether
secondary metabolites were active in the leaves of the duku fruit skin, the
resulting extract was analyzed for phytochemicals. The leaves of the duku fruit
have an ethanolic extract that contains triterpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, and
alkaloids. At doses of 25%, 50%, and 75%, the ethanolic extract of duku fruit skin
leaves showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, with inhibition zone
widths of 10,22 mm, 11,94 mm, and 13,63 mm, in that order. The ethanolic
extract of duku fruit skin leaves showed an antibacterial effect against Salmonella
typhi, based on the results of data analysis, and the more extensive the inhibition
zone created, better the concentration.

Plants such as Langsat (Lansium Domesticum) originally thrives from

tropics. To be able to create safe and UV-ray-protective cosmetic formulations, a
lot of research has been performed to find photoprotective compounds derived
from natural components. Investigate the antioxidant activity. Mansur's formula
was used to calculate the SPF value using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer.
Terpenoids were detected in the ethyl acetate fraction, whereas phenolics,
flavonoids, tannins, and saponins are present in the residue. The ethyl acetate
fraction contained 47 different types of chemical compounds, including terpenoids
and fatty acid groups, The findings show that the residue, whereas the ethyl
acetate fraction had.

Lansium domesticum is often found and admired at southern Asia, it is

from a family plant called Meliaceae. The family of Meliacea is known for
containing bioactive chemicals that is commonly used in old medicine as a cure

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for diarrhea. The combination of L. domesticum leaves and bark shows

antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtile and S. Aureus. Investigation for
active-Phytochemical compounds of fruit waste of L. domesticum shows the
presence of hydroxyonocera-8 and 14-dien-3-one, lansic acid. The seeds have
tetranortriterpenoids. The bark contains active compounds namely
onoceradienedione, lansiolic acid A, isoonoceratriene and 3-keto lansiolic acid.
The methanolic extract of the bark of L. domesticum cv kokossan showed great
antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis the ethyl
acetate extract exhibited an antibacterial efficacy with an inhibit zone respectively
of 14 and 12.5 mm towards E. coli and B. cereus. Silver nanoparticles have a
future in an antimicrobial role. The silver nanoparticles of L. domesticum are
spherical in shape with a size from 10-30 nm.

Lansium Domesticum (Lanzones, Langsat) is often present in Southeast

Asian nation, those countries are Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines.
It is commonly used as a working folk remedy to cure sickness such as
inflammation of eye, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, spasms, flatulence,
worms, insect bites, scorpion stings, and malaria. It also works as a mosquito
repellant, skin moisturizer, and whitening agent. Pharmacological studies about
this plant showed that this fruit carry a wide range of various bioactivities, such as
antimalarial, antifeedant, anti-aging, wound healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic,
analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, insecticidal, and larvicidal properties.
Terpenoids and phenolics were found to be the most often reported actions.
Furthermore, several researches indicated the plant's ability to produce
nanoparticles and medicinal formulations. This is identifying the potential of L.
domesticum as a working herbal medication. This research study shows the
overview of the date reported about the Lansium Domesticum from 1931 to
November 2021, about its nutritional value, traditional uses, phytoconstituents,
and bioactivities, nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations.

Lansium domesticum Correa's dried in the air fruit peel yields five
onoceroid triterpenes. while the dried in the air seeds yield 3 and germacrene D.
Antimicrobial examination on 1-6 revealed the following results. 2 is very active
against P. aeruginosa, whereas 1, 3, 4, and 5 are moderately active against this
pathogen. 5 and 4 engage in moderate and low-level actions against B. subtilis,
whereas 3 and 5 exhibit little activity against S. aureus. All of the drugs tested
showed modest activity against C. Albicans and A. niger, with minimal activity
against T. mentagrophytes.

Indonesia is one of the nations where we can commonly find Lansium

domesticum plant. Some people use it as a health product. This plant has a great
potential to be created as a standardized traditional medicine. Aim: The purpose

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of this article review is to gather information on secondary metabolite chemicals

derived from L. domesticum Corr. and their pharmacological properties as
antioxidants, antibacterials, and cytotoxics. Methods: Data on L. domesticum
Corr. or duku were sought and collected for this miniature estimate and
perspective. We use the major search engines with specific keywords such as L.
domesticum Corr.; duku; morphology; pharmacological effects; secondary
metabolites; in vitro; and in vivo. L. domesticum Corr. have antioxidant,
antibacterial, and cytotoxic action of different chemical regarding on the research
method used. Few parts of L. domesticum Corr. including as leaves, fruit, fruit
skins, and seeds carry secondary metabolite chemicals. The steroid/terpenoid is
the most active chemical that can be seen. These chemicals are the one who is
duty for their pharmacological action like antioxidants, antibacterials, and
cytotoxics.

Antimitotic agents can be obtained from several sources. This research

explored the Phytochemical structure of Lansium domesticum crude seed Extract
and its antimitotic action utilizing Tripneustes gratilla embryo. The findings of the
study suggest the antimitotic potential of L. Domesticum in T. Gratilla embryo and
A. Cepa until the 4-cell stage division at 1.00% concentration, early prophase
stage at a concentration of 0.50%, respectively variations in the antimitotic action
of the crude seed extract. There are fundamental inequalities in T cell division.
Gratilla and A. cepa.
Seed extract of Lansium Domesticum was examined for antibacterial
action to kill bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli and genotoxicity with the use
of Allium cepa assay. Results presented that extract of Lansium domesticum
seed’s antibacterial action was documented at 1250 µg/ml, 1000 µg/ml. The
result of the data of the Genotoxicity demonstrates that L. domesticum seed
extract was not able to prohibit cell replication but when it comes to higher
concentrations, it showed few chromosomal aberrations.
Lansium domesticum (fam. Meliaceae) carry different chemicals with
varied biological activities. According to prior study, extracts from various area of
the plant exhibit biological activity. The objective of this work was to isolate a
chemical from L. omesticum fruit peel and examine its cytotoxic efficacy against
the T47D, WiDr, and HepG2 cell lines. Mashed seed was undergone maceration
with the use of ethyl acetate and the filtrate was evaporated to produce EtOAc
extract. Cytotoxic bioassays were conducted on T-47D, WiDr, and Hep G2 cell
lines at doses of 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, and 5µg/mL, with Doxorubicin serving as a
positive control. Compound 1 was recognized menthane propenal, which shows
the greatest cytotoxicity against T-47D cell lines

As time flies, fossil fuels are declining and creating environmental issues,
Thus, manufacturing bioethanol from sugar containing feedstock, such as fruit
waste, can assist to address this issue. Based on Solidum, Lanzones (Lansium

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domesticum) peelings carry a sugar content of 1.64 g/mol, which is what needed
to be able to produce bioethanol. However, no research has looked into and tried
lanzones peelings. In this instance, the objective of this study was to fill a gap by
examining the efficacy of Lanzones peelings as an ingredient for the manufacture
of bioethanol. Methods: Quantitative research method like fermentation and
distillation were used to get the bioethanol from the Lanzones peelings. The
amount of compound used was by using 200mg of Lanzones peel. 1g urea. 2L of
distilled water, 200g yeast and 50g sucrose. The bioethanol was then measured
quantitatively in terms of fire duration and color; and was tested to know the
difference of bioethanol produced and standardized ethanol. Results: When
examining the bioethanol made from lanzones peelings in terms of fire duration, it
was discovered that the bioethanol had the lowest fire duration, with a mean
score of 2.53. Furthermore, to compare bioethanol to standard ethanol in terms of
fire duration, an independent t-test with a critical value of 2.13 was used, resulting
in a t-value of 0.02137, showing that there is no significant difference in fire
duration between bioethanol produced from lanzones peelings and standard
ethanol. While observing the bioethanol based on its color, it was scored with a
mean score of 2.7, showing a clear color. Using an independent t-test with a
critical value of 1.73 yields a t-value of 0.6512 was found, showing that there is
no significant variation in terms of color between the bioethanol produced from
lanzones peelings and normal ethanol. Discussion: In this instance, the study
discovered that bioethanol from lanzones peelings and normal ethanol presented
no significant variation. This demonstrate that Lanzones (Lansium domesticum)
peelings is good in manufacture of bioethanol.

A wound is an injury resulting from an incision, strike, or other means that

often results in bleeding. Povidone-iodine is commonly used to treat infections
and promote wound healing; however, it can occasionally cause pain. The
researcher wishes to widen Lansium domesticum Corr. (duku) seed extract
ointment promotes wound healing. Materials and Methods: This experimental
study was conducted on 30 rats divided into six groups: negative control, positive
control (povidone-iodine 10%), experimental group with three different
concentrations of Lansium domesticum seed extract ointment (2.5%, 5%, and
10%), and wound size was determined after three days. The Research Ethics
Committee of Sriwijaya University Faculty of Medicine in Palembang, Indonesia,
gave its approval. Inhibitory diameter was also measured in the Lansium
domesticum extract. Results: After three days of medical treatment, the healing of
the wound for all of the group showed notable difference.

Lansium domesticum Corr. (L. domesticum), Meliaceae, is an inexpensive

fruit commonly found in the southeast that has been recorded to be utilized in folk
medicine. Therefore, this work's objective is to explore the antimicrobial and

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cytotoxic properties of four extracts from the stembark of L. Domesticum Corr. cv.
Kokossan was used to isolate four terpenoid molecules. Antimicrobial testing was
done on two fungi, Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans, and two bacteria,
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore,
antibacterial activity was measured using the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC). The isolated extracts were also examined on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
The results demonstrated that butanol and n-hexane extracts exhibit antibacterial
activity against K. pneumoniae bacteria, having MIC values of 7.8125 mg/mL and
62.5 mg/mL, respectively, and against the dandruff fungus M. furfur. In addition to
the antibacterial results, the anticancer test results presented that n-hexane has
the most intriguing cytotoxic effect of all extracts, with an IC50 of 42.95 µg/mL.
anticancer and antibacterial properties. These extracts can be explored more
about its bioactivity.

Lanzones or Langsat (Lansium Domesticum) is a safe fruit to eat and a

tropical fruit local to Southeastern parts of Asia. The fruit has a high content of
antioxidants, vitamins, and protein, besides other minerals, it gives a lot of health
benefits and medicinal uses. Apart from being the most known fruit around the
world, the fruit also carries high nutritional value. Lanzones are also used by the
ancient people to heal and stop different types of diseases, because it contains
medicinal properties. The fruit has many health benefits for our body’s health.
The lanzones contain vitamins A, B, C, thiamine, niacin, fiber, riboflavin,
pantothenic acid, ascorbic acid, and other health benefits. It has minerals such as
iron, manganese, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and
calcium. it contains antibacterial, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory
properties. The fruit has a lot of antioxidants that can help our body to fight free
radicals that can cause so many diseases.

Lansium domesticum, also known as Langsat is a tropical fruit mostly

found in Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia, and the Philippines. Traditionally, it has been used as a natural
medicine for diseases such as eye inflammation, ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery,
fever, spasms, flatulence, worm infections, insect bites, scorpion stings, and
malaria. It also serves as a mosquito repellent, skin moisturizer, and whitening
agent. Pharmacological studies have revealed that the plant possesses a broad
spectrum of bioactivities, including antimalarial, antifeedant, anti-aging, wound
healing, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, antibacterial, antimutagenic,
insecticidal, and larvicidal properties.

These diverse activities are primarily attributed to the presence of

terpenoids and phenolics. Moreover, some research has reported the
development of nanoparticles and pharmaceutical formulations from the plant.

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This review underlines the potential of L. domesticum as a herbal medicine,

providing a comprehensive overview of the reported data on L. domesticum from
1931 to November 2021, which includes its nutritional value, traditional uses,
phytoconstituents, bioactivities, and its use in nanoparticles and pharmaceutical
formulations.

Background: as years pass by, excessive utilization of non-renewable

energy including fossil fuels: natural gas, petroleum and coal. Because of this,
environmental issues rise such as emission of Greenhouse gasses. Fossil fuels
is one of the main roots of greenhouse emission due to the high number of
carbon dioxide it produces. In USA, usage of fossil fuels or burning up of fossil
fuels for the purpose of gaining power and transportation supply is about three-
quarters of carbon emissions. Not only that, the expansion of petroleum and other
kind of fossil fuel prices are worrying-some. Stated by the International Energy
Outlook (2013), renewable energy is predicted to be the developing supply of
global electricity production, with an average annual expansion of 2.8% each
year during the timeline of 2010-2040. The manufacturing of global electricity
supply will expand by 18% in 2007 to 23% in 2035. Method: The method used in
getting the bioethanol extract from the Lanzones peel is through the process of
fermentation and distillation.

Hands are the main way to transmit microorganisms, so hand washing is

crucial for preventing the spread of infections. Hand sanitizers with ethanol as the
main ingredient are used to kill a wide range of germs. Traditional bioethanol
production has relied on using food crops, but there is growing interest in using
alternative sources like the weed Ceratophyllum demersum. This study explores
the production of bioethanol for hand sanitizer using C. demersum. The weed is
mechanically treated and then treated with different concentrations of sulfuric
acid. After enzymatic treatment, it undergoes fermentation with Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. The results show that a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M produces
the highest amount of sugar and alcohol. After optimizing fermentation
parameters, an alcohol yield of 2.6% is achieved using a S. cerevisiae
concentration of 100 g/l, agitation at 150 rpm, and a temperature of 40°C for 36
hours. Further optimization of the fermentation media increases the alcohol yield
to 3.7%. The resulting alcohol mixture contains 84.9% bioethanol. The bioethanol
extract is effective against bacteria and fungi, as shown by the inhibition zone in
an agar well diffusion assay.

Lanzones, also known as Langsat, are trees from the Mahogany family.
Their scientific name is Lansium parasiticum. These trees produce small, edible
fruits that have a mixed taste of sweet, sour, and tangy flavors. The outside of

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these fruits looks like potatoes, while the inside has white flesh with bitter seeds
that can't be eaten.

These fruits are mainly found and grown in Southeast Asia, including
Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Sumatra. A larger type of this
fruit is known as Duku. Some people think it tastes like pomelo because of its
sweet and sour flavor. The fruit's flesh is clear and juicy, and it's very refreshing
to eat. It's considered an exotic fruit. Freshly picked lanzones are the best as they
have a sweet and sour taste, but this taste fades and becomes bland after a few
days. While the fresh fruit doesn't have many antioxidants, its skin and seeds are
full of them. In fact, lanzones peel has the highest number of flavonoids (213.45
mg quercetin/g dried fabric) compared to other tropical fruits. The seeds of
lanzones have been found to be effective against malaria. The skin and leaves of
the fruit also have properties that fight against Plasmodium falciparum, the
parasite that causes malaria. They contain certain chemical compounds that
disrupt the life cycle of the parasite, preventing their growth and killing them.
Lanzones can also help treat fever and inflammation. The fruit has Vitamin C (just
2mg/100 mg), which can help with fever and cold symptoms. It also aids in
immune function, skin repair, and reducing inflammation. Crushed lanzones
seeds can help lower body temperature. The tree's bark resin is used as
alternative medicine to treat stomach cramps, swelling, ulcers, and gas.

The lanzones contain a small number of polyphenols antioxidants,

limonoids, which are anti-cancerous. Its skin and bark are full of it. The analysis
showed that lanzones skin had the highest total flavonoidsamong tropical fruits.
Lanzones can also help with skin problems. The rind can treat different skin
problems like acne, rashes, inflammatory, itching. On the affected area you can
put the lanzones rind to reduce the redness, itching and swollen skin. But is only
effective if it's pesticide free. If applied it might be sticky.

Lanzones or langsat has a lot of good effect when it comes to health. It

contains great number of dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Its
regular sugars – fructose and sucrose, develops energy and helps to restore the
electrolytes in our body. It doesn’t have any saturated fat.

A small Amount of Vitamin C Lanzones carries a little number of vitamin C, which

is a good antioxidant. Antioxidants reacts with free radicals and kill the chain
reaction before vital molecules are destructed. Vitamin C protects us from
inflammation, slower aging processes, develops the immune system, helps in
fighting factors that may cause heart disease, develops iron absorption, etc.

Full of Antioxidants

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The lanzones carry a few polyphenols antioxidants, limonoids, which are anti-
cancerous. The fruit’s bark and peel have a lot of this compounds. The analysis
presented that lanzones skin had the highest total flavonoids (213.45 mg
quercetin/g dried material) compared to various tropical fruits.

Good for Skin

The lanzones can help in mitigating with skin issues. The rind can be utilized as a
medication to different skin issues such as acne, rashes, inflammatory, itching.
Applying by rubbing the Lanzones rind on the damage part of the skin can
decrease the redness, itching and swollen skin.

The lanzones can help with skin problems. The rind can be used to treat various
skin problems like acne, rashes, inflammatory, itching… Rubbing lanzones rind
on the affected area can reduce the redness, itching and swollen skin. But only if
it is pesticide free and be ready for some serious stickiness!

Lansium domesticum manufactures seed that is robust. It cannot allow for

over-drying in order for them to be built traditionally without destruction. Moisture
level in seeds is critical for handling purposes. It is generally examined as a
destructive technique by ISTA after 16 hours after drying at 103°C. A non-
destructive approach for determining seed moisture content has yet to be looked
into. In this work, the potential is to establish a model of prediction for predicting
the dry mass of Lansium domesticum was examined. The morphological features
and moist weight of seeds were utilized to create models of prediction for their
dry weight. The estimated seed dry weight was then utilized to figure out seed
moisture content. To get seeds with differed moisture amounts, seeds fresh
extracted manufactured from ripe fruits were rinsed and dried to eliminate the
mucilage. Then, several regression models were developed for estimation of dry
weight of seeds.

Such candidate models were validated using the remaining dataset. This
study indicated that the measured seed variables have the potential to be used
for estimating the seed dry weight. Thus, the creation of a predictive model for
calculating seed dry weight for calculating seed moisture content sets the
foundation for future study on controlling seed moisture content for germplasm
preservation of desiccation-sensitive tropical fruits.

2.2 Review of Related Studies

Usage of hand sanitizer is one of the popular and effective way for
decreasing transmission of infectious illnesses caused by a variety of hazardous
microorganisms. There is a need for alcohol-free hand sanitizers since the
majority of hand sanitizers on the market include alcohol, which can harm the

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skin and be toxic. India is the world's greatest producer of fruits, and one of the
primary challenges following fruit consumption is waste management, which
contributes to the production of greenhouse gases, resulting in air pollution and
increasing the problem of climate change. Valorization of such wastes into other
value-added goods, as well as integration into formulations of eco-friendly
alcohol-free hand sanitizers, would address these challenges, preserve the
environment, benefit society, and contribute to the achievement of sustainable
development goals. Thus, the goal of this study is to develop an efficient natural
alcohol-free hand sanitizer that takes use of the antibacterial abilities of the
various types of bioactive substances present in pomegranate, sweet lime, and
lemon fruit peels. The peel extracts and made-up sanitizer shown significant
antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic Escherichia coli and hand germs.
Molecular docking was also used to investigate ligand-protein interaction
patterns, predict binding conformers, and determine the reactivity of sanitizing
phytocompounds for target proteins in COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia
viruses. Virtual investigations of binding affinities and protein-ligand interactions
indicated that sanitizer phytocompounds attach to amino acids in the active
regions of target proteins through hydrogen bonding interactions. Using the
fundamental framework of these prospective results, it is feasible to create a
natural, alcohol-free hand sanitizer made from fruit peels that is efficient against
harmful bacteria and viruses.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides an overview of the methodology of the research

study.

In this Chapter, qualitative and quantitative research methods and 5-

scale hedonic testing was utilized. Stated by S. Tenny. et al. (2022). , qualitative
research is a kind of research that explores and provides deeper insights into
issues faced in real-world. Instead of obtaining numerical data or intervene or
introduce treatments just like in quantitative research, qualitative research
contributes in generating hypotheses. It also further calculates and understand
quantitative data. Qualitative research gathers experiences and preferences of
participant’s, perceptions, and behavior. Stated by P. Bhandari (2023).,
quantitative research is the method of obtaining and analyzing numerical data. It
can be utilize to identify patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal
relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.Stated by Kfodo F.
(n.d.). Hedonic testing is where the consumer’s acceptability scores on a 5-point
hedonic scale (Scale: 1-dislike extremely; 2-dislike slightly; 3-neither like nor
dislike; 4-like slightly; 5-like extremely) Most of the sensory attributes of the
infusion were neither liked nor disliked by the panelists.

2.1 Materials

 1kg of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) fruit

 100g of dry yeast
 1L of distilled water
 Lavender Essential Oil-Lemon and Lavender (5ml)
 Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel (53g)
 Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) seed (32g)

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 Pestle and Mortar

 Knife
 Beaker

 Stirring rod
 Graduated Cylinder
 Olive oil (100ml)
 Amber-colored Radiant beaker
 Wurtz flask
 Plastic tube
 Erlenmeyer flask
 Hot plates
 Xantham gum (5g)
 Filter paper

2.2 Procedures in Making the Product

Procedure 1. Preparation of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) fruit

peels

1. The researchers used the fruit peelings of Lansium domesticum

(Lanzones) for this study. They separated the flesh from the
peels and collected 0.5 kg of fruit peels from the gathered 1kg of
fruits.
2. Then it went through the drying process. The Lanzones peel
was put under the sunlight until the Lanzones peeled for 3 days.
3. The Lanzones peels were used right away to ensure that it will
not rot.
4. The Lanzones peel was placed in a mortar and pestle.
5. They were mashed and cut into small pieces.

Procedure 2. Fermentation

1. After mashing the fruit peelings, fermentation process was done

by putting the mashed fruit peelings inside an amber-colored
radiant bottle filled with 900mL of water. Amber-colored radiant
bottle was used to reduce the light passing through the beaker
that might kill the Lactic Bacteria affecting the fermentation
process.

2. Then a 100g of Active Dry Yeast (ADY) was combined, mixing

them for 10 minutes or more.

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3. Afterwards, the container was sealed and the fruit peelings were
left to ferment for two weeks in a dark room. The yeast
consumed the sugar, releasing wastes in the form of alcohol and
carbon dioxide.

4. After two weeks, the fermented Lanzones peel was filtered and
then poured in a container. The container was labeled for proper
identification.

Procedure 3. Distillation

1. After two weeks of fermentation, the fruit peelings underwent

distillation. Most of the water from the mixture was removed by
distillation process. In this process, the two components (ethanol
and water) had different boiling points.
2. The ethanol boiled first (BP 78° C) and was compared to water
(BP 100° C).
3. The mixture underwent distillation using normal lab distiller to
collect the concentrated ethanol.

Procedure 4. Grinding of Lanzones seed.

1. The Lanzones seeds were put under the sunlight for three days
to dry.
2. 40 pcs of Lanzones seeds were mashed using pestle and
mortar.

Procedure 5. Maceration of Lanzones seeds

1. After mashing the Lanzones seed, they were subjected to

maceration to get its extract.
2. The grinded Lanzone seeds were soaked in a 100ml of olive oil
for two weeks.
3. After maceration, the macerated Lanzones seeds were filtered
and poured in a container. The container was then labeled for
proper identification.

Procedure 6. Mixing of Ingredients

1. A 132 mL of bioethanol was put in a beaker.

2. 66 ml of macerated Lanzones Seed oil was placed inside the
beaker and mixed thoroughly for 10 minutes.
3. 5 grams of Xantham gum was added and mixed thoroughly for
another 10 minutes.

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4. 8-10 drops of Lemon and lavender essential oils were added.

(This is optional.)
5. The product was mixed again for another one minute.
6. The product was poured in a container with a label on it.

2.3 Procedures in Testing the Product

Procedure 1. Hedonic testing

Hedonic testing was conducted at Bacoor National Highschool Main here
in Cavite. A total of 20 respondents was provided with a survey form to rate and
give feedbacks about the Hand sanitizer’s scent, viscosity, texture, drying time
and color.
Procedure 2. Drying time testing

Drying time testing of the Hand sanitizer was conducted at Bacoor

National Highschool here in Cavite. Hands, stopwatch and the Hand sanitizer
was used to perform the testing. The testing was performed inside a room
temperature. There was a total of three trials. The following procedures were
done:

1. Clean your hands and dry it before conducting the experiment.

2. Ready your stop watch.
3. Put one pump of hand sanitizer on your hands.
4. Start the stopwatch immediately once you started to rub your hands.
5. Rub your hands for 10 seconds and let it dry.
6. If your hands feel dry and there is no hand sanitizer residue left, stop
the stopwatch.
7. Record the time and list it down.
8. Do the procedure 2 more times to get an exactly 3 trials.

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CHAPTER IV
DATA AND RESULTS

This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data

gathered whose main objective is to determine the acceptability and quality of the
alternative Hand sanitizer.

More specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following question:

Sub problem No. 1. Would Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed
extract be an alternative Hand sanitizer, in terms of color, scent, texture, viscosity
and drying time?

Criteria Number of respondents who rated: Total Average/Mean

1 2 3 4 5 score (Total/20)
Color 0 3 8 4 5 71 3.55
Scent 3 6 6 4 1 54 2.7
Texture 2 4 4 8 1 64 3.2
Viscosity 0 1 2 11 6 82 4.1
4.1 Hedonic rating scale

Table 4.1 and figure 4.1 shows the hedonic rating scale of hand
sanitizer in terms of color, scent, texture and viscosity performed by 20
respondents. The data present that 2 out of 4 of the criteria was liked by the
respondents, those are the Viscosity (Mean=4.1) and Color (Mean=3.55). On the
other hand, 2 out of 4 of the criteria was neither liked nor disliked by the
respondents, those are thetexture (Mean=3.2) and scent (Mean=2.7). The color

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(Mean=3.55) and viscosity (Mean=4.1) of the Hand sanitizer was classified as

“acceptable” while the scent (Mean=2.7) fall under the category of neither like or
dislike, it is not totally acceptable or it needs more improvements. Based on the
research conducted by D. Paolino, et al. (2021) and A. Triastuti, et al. (2021), and
WHO protocol, considering the parameters for the scent, the rating for scent
should be 4 and above for it to be considered acceptable.

Based on the study conducted by Adventures of Homebrewing (n.d.)., a

fermented ethanol with a bad scent is usually caused by excessive amounts of
gaseous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide that were produced by the wine
yeast during the fermentation. Other factors such as lack of nitrogen, high
temperature while fermenting the bioethanol and the bioethanol yeast as being
overworked might also affect the scent of the bioethanol. It is recommended that
after the fermentation process, it is essential to put a dose of sodium
metabisulfite or Campden tablets to the bioethanol. This thing helps to drive out
the oxygen that was just introduced during splashing or racking (transferring) of
the ethanol and it helps to drive out any bad scent that still might remain.

Texture (Mean = 3.2) fall under the category of neither like or dislike, it is
not totally acceptable or it needs more improvement. Respondents commented
that the product is slightly oily. Some modification can be made to enhance the
texture of the Hand sanitizer. According to research conducted by C. Villa et al.
(2021)., adding hydrogels to the formulation can enhance the sanitizing system or
its texture. Decreasing the amount of macerated seed oil can also enhance its
overall texture.

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Hedonic Testing Rating Scale

1 2 3 4 5
Color
20

10

Viscosity 0 Scent

Texture

Figure 4.1. Acceptability and Rating of the Hand sanitizer in terms of Color,
Scent, Texture and Viscosity.

Scale Interpretation
5 4.20 – 5.00 strongly liked
4 3.40 – 4.19 liked
3 2.60 – 3.39 Neither liked nor disliked
2 1.80 – 2.59 disliked
1 1.00 – 1.79 strongly disliked

Table 2. Scale for Hedonic testing Rating

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Rating Frequency (f) Percentage

(%)
5 5 25%
4 4 20%
3 8 40%
2 3 15%
1 0 0%

Table 4.2 Ratings of color of the Hand sanitizer

4.2 Color

Table 4.2 and Figure 4.2 both shows the respondent’s rating of color of the
hand sanitizer. Data presents that 40% of the respondents gave a 3 rating for
color (the hand sanitizer is neither acceptable nor unacceptable, neither good nor
bad) while 25% of the respondents gave a 5 rating for color (the hand sanitizer is
acceptable; it is delightful in terms of color). On the other hand, 20% of the
respondents gave a 4 rating for color (the hand sanitizer is slightly acceptable or

Percentage Of Respondents Who Rated Color

15%
25%
5
4
3
2
1

40% 20%

slightly good). Lastly, 15% percent of the respondents gave a 2 rating for color
(the hand
Figure 4.2. A Pie Chart Analysis of Respondents' Ratings of color of the Hand
sanitizer
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sanitizer is slightly unacceptable, slightly bad in terms of color and it needs minor
improvement). The data present a possible slight positive perception
of the Lanzones peel and seed extract hand sanitizer for a considerable
proportion of users (combined 65% with ratings of 3, 4, and 5). The presence of
ratings of 2 (15%) suggests that there's still a possibility of some dislike for a
portion of the users.

Scale Interpretation
5 Delightful and acceptable.
4 Slightly good and slightly acceptable
3 Neither good nor bad, slightly acceptable
2 Slightly bad and unacceptable, needs minor improvement.
1 Very bad and unacceptable, needs major improvement.

Table 4. Scale Criteria for Color rating

4.3 Scent

Rating Frequency (f) Percentage

5 1 5%
4 4 20%
3 6 30%
2 6 30%
1 3 15%
Table 4.3. Respondents' Ratings of Scent of the Hand sanitizer

Table 4.3 and Figure 4.3 both shows the respondent’s rating of scent of
the hand sanitizer. Data presents that 30% of the respondents gave a 2 rating for
scent (the hand sanitizer is slightly unacceptable, slightly bad in terms of scent
and it needs minor improvement) while 30% of the respondents gave a 3 rating
(the hand sanitizer is neither acceptable nor unacceptable, neither good nor bad).
On the other hand, 20% of the respondents gave a 4 rating (the hand sanitizer is

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slightly acceptable, slightly good in terms of scent.). Next, 15% percent of the
respondents gave a 1 rating (the hand sanitizer needs major improvement, and it

is very bad in terms of scent). Lastly, 5% percent of the respondents gave a 5

rating (the hand sanitizer is acceptable, it is fragrant). The data collected
indicated that the Lanzones peel and seed extract hand sanitizer have an
unpleasant scent according to the majority of respondents. However, it may not
be universally disliked. A tiny number of users may have a neutral or somewhat
favorable view.

Percentage Of Respondents Who Rated Scent

5%
15%

20% 5
4
3
2
1

30%

30%

Figure 4.3. A Pie Chart Analysis of Respondents' Ratings of scent of the Hand
sanitizer

Scale Interpretation
5 Fragrant and acceptable.
4 Slightly good and acceptable
3 Neither good nor bad, slightly acceptable
2 Slightly bad and unacceptable, needs minor improvement.
1 Very bad and unacceptable, needs major improvement.

Table 6. Scale Criteria for Scent Rating

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4.4 Texture

Rating Frequency (f) Percentage

5 2 10%
4 8 40%
3 4 20%
2 4 20%
1 2 10%

Table 4.4. Respondents' Ratings of Texture of the Hand sanitizer.

Percentage Of Respondents Who Rated Texture

10% 10%

5
4
20% 3
2
1
40%

20%

Figure 4.4. A Pie Chart Analysis of Respondents' Ratings of texture of the

Hand sanitizer.

Table 4.4 and Figure 4.4 both shows the respondent’s rating of texture of
the hand sanitizer. Data presents that 40% of the respondents gave a 4 rating for
texture (the hand sanitizer is slightly acceptable, slightly good in terms of texture
or it slightly resembles what hand sanitizer feels like) while 20% of the

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respondents gave a 2 rating (the hand sanitizer is slightly unacceptable, slightly

bad in terms of texture or it slightly differs from what hand sanitizer feels like). On
the other hand, 20% of the respondents gave a 3 rating (the hand sanitizer is
neither acceptable nor unacceptable, neither good nor bad, neither differs nor
resembles what hand sanitizer feels like). Next, 10% percent of the respondents

gave a 5 rating (the hand sanitizer is acceptable, good in terms of texture or it

highly resembles what hand sanitizer feels like). Lastly, 10% percent of the
respondents gave a 1 rating (the hand sanitizer needs major improvement, it is
very bad and highly differs from what hand sanitizer feels like). The data
suggests that the texture of the Lanzones peel and seed extract hand sanitizer is
considerably acceptable for a considerable portion of users (40% rating it as a 4).
However, the presence of ratings of 2 (20%) suggests that there's still a
possibility of some dislike towards the texture for a portion of the users. The
remaining 40% (ratings of 3 and some from 2) could represent users who find the
texture neutral.

Scale Interpretation
5 Acceptable, good in terms of texture or it highly resembles
what hand sanitizer feels like
4 Slightly acceptable, slightly good in terms of texture or it
slightly resembles what hand sanitizer feels like
3 Neither acceptable nor unacceptable, neither good nor bad,
neither differs nor resembles what hand sanitizer feels like
2 Slightly differs from what hand sanitizer feels like and it is
slightly unacceptable, it needs minor improvement
1 Highly differs from what hand sanitizer feels like, it is
unacceptable, it needs major improvement.

Table 8. Scale criteria for Texture rating

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4.5 Viscosity

Rating Frequency Percentage

(f)
5 6 30%
4 11 55%
3 2 10%
2 1 5%
1 0 0%

Table 4.5. Ratings of Viscosity of the Hand sanitizer

Percentage Of Respondents Who Rated Viscosity

5%

10%
5
30%
4
3
2
1

Figure 4.5. A Pie Chart Analysis of Respondents' Ratings of viscosity of the

Hand sanitizer.
55%

Table 4.5 and Figure 4.5 both shows the respondent’s rating of
viscosity of the hand sanitizer. Data presents that 55% of the respondents
gave a 4 rating for viscosity (the hand sanitizer is slightly acceptable,
slightly thick in terms or it slightly resembles what hand sanitizer viscosity
is like) while 30% of the respondents gave a 5 rating (the hand sanitizer is

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acceptable, thick in terms of viscosity or it highly resembles what hand

sanitizer’s viscosity is like). On the other hand, 10% of the respondents
gave a 3 rating (the hand sanitizer is neither acceptable nor unacceptable,
neither thick nor watery, neither differs nor resembles what hand
sanitizer’s viscosity is like). Lastly, 5% percent of the respondents gave a
2 rating (the hand sanitizer needs minor improvement, it is slightly watery
and slightly differs from what hand sanitizer’s viscosity is like). The data
suggests that the texture of the Lanzones peel and seed extract hand
sanitizer is generally well-liked by most participants (85% with ratings of 4
or 5). The presence of a small percentage (15%) with neutral or slightly
negative ratings (2 and 1) suggests that there's room for minor
improvements, but it's not a major concern.

Scale Interpretation
5 Acceptable, thick, highly resembles what hand sanitizer’s
viscosity is like
4 Acceptable, slightly thick, slightly resembles what hand
sanitizer’s viscosity is like
3 Neither acceptable nor unacceptable, neither thick nor
watery, neither differs nor resembles what hand sanitizer’s
viscosity is like
2 Slightly unacceptable, slightly watery, slightly differs from
what hand sanitizer’s viscosity is like, needs minor
improvement
1 Unacceptable, watery, highly differs from what hand
sanitizer’s viscosity, needs major improvement

Table 10. Scale criteria for viscosity rating

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4.6 Drying Time

Trial Number Drying Time (in seconds)

1 39.68
2 41.95
3 30.03
AVERAGE (TOTAL/3) 37.22
Table 11.4.6.
Figure Average Drying
Drying Time Time
graphtable analysis
analysis of Hand
of Hand Sanitizer
Sanitizer Across
Across Three
Three Trials.
Trials.

Table 4.6 and figure 4.6 show the average drying time of Hand sanitizer
across three trials. The data presents that in the first trial, the drying time was
39.68 seconds. In the second trial, it increased slightly to 41.95 seconds.
However, in the third trial, there was a noticeable decrease in drying time to

Drying Time Across Three Trials

45
40
35
30
25
Time (s)

20
15
10
5
0
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Trial

Trial
30.03 seconds. The average drying time across all three trials is calculated as
37.22 seconds.

Based on the study conducted by Miranda Suchomel. (n.d.) and WHO

guidelines, Hand sanitizer should take 20-30 seconds to dry after rubbing.
Factors such as type of ethanol and ethanol concentration may affect the drying
time of Hand sanitizer. The tested Hand sanitizer is 7 seconds slower than the
commercialized Hand sanitizer. Some modifications can be made to speed up
the drying time of the Hand sanitizer. According to Ivana D. Angelo. (2022).,
decreasing the amount of gelling agent and emulsifier decreases the drying time.

CHAPTER V

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings and conclusion obtained in

the conduct of the study which is to determine if Lansium domesticum (Lanzones)
peel and seed can be an alternative Hand sanitizer. This chapter also provides
recommendations that can be pursued by the future researchers.

5.1 Summary of Findings

The primary objective of this study is to determine the potential of Lansium

domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract as an acceptable alternative Hand
sanitizer. Qualitative and quantitative research methods and the hedonic survey
method were employed for collection of data. The questionnaire was used as tool
for collecting data. There is a total of 20 respondents. All of the respondents
where students and teachers from Bacoor National Highschool Main. Drying time
testing was then conducted at one of the laboratories in Bacoor Nation
Highschool Main. The statistical tool used is mean and percentage. The research
was performed during the school year of 2023-’24.

From a thorough analysis of the data collected and result obtained, the
following significant findings are summarized. In terms of Level of Acceptability
and Respondent’s Ratings of Alternative Hand sanitizer made from Lansium
domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract in terms of color, scent, texture
and viscosity.

With respect to the color, the overall mean was 3.55. There is a total of 20
respondents. Only 8 or 40% of the respondents gave 3 rating, only 5 or 25% of
the respondents gave a 5 rating, only 4 or 20% of the respondents gave a 4
rating and only 3 or 15% of the respondents gave a 2 rating. It can be gleaned
that the color was interpreted as acceptable.

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With respect to the scent, the overall mean was 2.7. There is a total of 20
respondents. Ratings of 2 and 3 each came from 6 respondents or 30%, only 4 or
20% of the respondents gave a rating of 4, only 3 or 15% of the respondents
gave a rating of 1 and 1 or 5% of the respondents gave a rating of 5. It can be
gleaned that the scent was interpreted as slightly acceptable or not totally
acceptable and it needs more improvement.

With respect to the texture, the overall mean was 3.2. There is a total of 20
respondents. Only 8 or 40% gave a rating of 4, Ratings 2 and 3 each came from
4 respondents or 20% and ratings 1 and 5 each came from 2 respondents or
10%. It can be gleaned that the texture was interpreted as slightly acceptable or
not totally acceptable.

With respect to the viscosity, the overall mean was 4.1. There is a total of
20 respondents. Only 11 or 55% of the respondents gave a 4 rating, only 6 or
30% gave a 5 rating, only 2 or 10% of the respondents gave a 2 rating and only 1
or 5% gave a rating of 1. It can be gleaned that the viscosity was interpreted as
acceptable.

In terms of Level of acceptability of alternative Hand sanitizer made from

Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) seed and peel extract with respect to the drying
time, the overall mean was 37.22 seconds. When compared to commercialized
Hand sanitizer, the tested product was 7 seconds slower in terms of drying time.
Thus, it can be gleaned that the drying time of hand sanitizer was interpreted as
slightly acceptable or not totally acceptable and it needs more improvement.

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5.2 Conclusion
Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract has a slight
potential of being a feasible alternative for a hand sanitizer. While the color and
viscosity showed favorable and acceptable attributes, respondents indicated that
the scent, texture and drying time needed further enhancement and
improvement. The researchers accepted the alternative hypothesis that Lansium
domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed extract can be an alternative Hand
sanitizer but only in terms of color and viscosity.

5.3 Recommendation

The following recommendations are being offered:

 Having a total of 40 respondents for the hedonic testing was

recommended by the WHO protocols.
 Before conducting hedonic testing, ask the respondents if they have
problem with smelling to avoid bias.
 During drying time testing, it is recommended to use equal amount of
Hand sanitizer per trial to avoid bias.
 Conduct anti-oxidant texting for the hand sanitizer.
 Determine the speed of action, how long does the action last, exact
concentration of the bioethanol, moisture content, moisture effect,
drying effect, PH level and zone of inhibition of the Hand sanitizer.
 Produce pure extract of the bioethanol and macerated oil.
 Examine the Hand sanitizer against various bacteria such as E. coli, P.
aeruginosa, etc.
 Do organoleptic characterization or skin irritation and gas
chromatography test for the Hand sanitizer.
 Decreasing the amount of gelling agent and emulsifier decreases the
drying time.
 Increasing the concentration of the alcohol also increases the drying
time of the Hand sanitizer.

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 Adding Hydrogels to the formulation can enhance the sanitizing system

or its texture. Decreasing the amount of macerated seed oil can also
enhance its overall texture.
 After the fermentation process, it is essential to put a dose of sodium
metabisulfite or Campden tablets to the bioethanol. This thing helps to
drive out the oxygen that was just introduced during splashing or
racking (transferring) of the ethanol and it helps to drive out any bad
scent that still might remain.

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Christy E. J. S. B. A., Kapilan R., Wickramasinghe I. and Wijesekara I. (2023).

Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Ceratophyllum demersum for
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Craig W. (2022). Lansium domesticum—A Fruit with Multi-Benefits: Traditional

Uses, Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value, and Bioactivities.
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Cublin T. C. (2022). Environmental impact of hand-sanitizing practices during the

COVID-19 pandemic. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-environmental-
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Deane T. (2022). New research underlines environmental impact of hand-

sanitising practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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pandemic/

Dietitian J.S. and Kriti J.B. (2023). The Benefits of Lanzones berry.
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Ernanto J., Theodorus T., Umar T. P. and Wijaya F. (2020). The Effect of
Lansium domesticum Corr. (Duku) Seed Extract on Wound Healing.
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Fajar M., Mayanti T., Sinaga S. E. and Supratman U. (2023). Bioactivities

Screening and Elucidation of Terpenoid from the Stembark Extracts of
Lansium domesticum Corr. cv. Kokosan (Meliaceae).
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nd_Elucidation_of_Terpenoid_from_the_Stembark_Extracts_of_Lansium_
domesticum_Corr_cv_Kokosan_Meliaceae

F. C. Gatbonton, G. K. Miranda, A. Morales. (2020). The Effectiveness of

Lanzones (Lansium Domesticum) Fruit Peelings as A Bioethanol Fuel.
https://www.scribd.com/document/446260715/The-Effectiveness-of-
Lanzones-Lansium-domesticum-peelings-as-bioethanol-fuel-docx

Ian. (2020). LANZONES FRUIT – HEALTH BENEFITS AND NUTRITION

FACTS. https://wnfdiary.com/lanzones-fruit-health-benefits/amp/

Jati J. A., Low S. M., Tsan F. Y. and Zakaria T. (2020). Development of

Predictive Model for the Potential Estimation of Moisture Content of
Lansium domesticum Seeds.

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Jo L. (2019). Why giving up alcohol is beneficial for the environment.

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Mohy-ud-din A., Munir T. and Munawar K. S. (2018). An Overview of the

Antibacterial Implications of Lansium domesticum.
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Sissons B., Aremu F. (2021). What to know about ethanol hand sanitizer?
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Jones R. and T. Towns. (n.d.). Production of ethyl alcohol from bananas.

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Quirao H. A. (n.d.). The Effectiveness of Banana (Musa balbisiana) peelings and

Mango (Mangifera indica) peelings as a Bioethanol fuel.
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Pratiwi D. (n.d.). Testing The Antibacterial Activity of The Ethanol Extract of Duku
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Hiola R, Rizky N. and Thomas N. (2018). Formulation and Evaluation of Langsat

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Apridamayanti P. and Sari R. (2023). Chemical Screening and Antioxidant

Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction and Residue from Lansium domesticum
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Mohyuddin A., Munawar K. S. and Munir T. (2018). An overview of the

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crude seed extract inhibits 4-cell stage mitosis of Tripneustes gratilla
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-2018-005.pdf..

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APPENDICES

Appendix A
Budget Plan

MATERIALS/ QUANTITY UNIT COST TOTAL COST

TEST (In pesos) (In pesos)

Lansium 1kg 200 200

domesticum
(Lanzones) fruit
Glycerin 190 ml 228 228
Dry yeast 500 grams 129 129

Distilled water 1 Liter 68 68

Filter paper 50pcs 90 90
Lavender and 2 bottles 200 400
Lemon
essential oil
Transportation 200 200
TOTAL 1,315

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Appendix B
Step by Step process

Procedure 1. Collection of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) fruit.

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Procedure 2. Preparation of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and

seed.

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Procedure 3. Drying of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel and seed.

Procedure 4. Fermentation of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) peel.

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Procedure 5. Distillation of Bioethanol produced from Lansium domesticum

(Lanzones) peel.

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Procedure 6. Maceration of Lansium domesticum (Lanzones) seed.

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Procedure 7. Mixing of Ingredients.

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Final Product.

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Procedure 8. Hedonic Testing

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Procedure 9. Drying time testing.

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Appendix C
Hedonic Testing Survey and Criteria.

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Hedonic Testing Survey and Criteria.

Respondent 1.

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Respondent 2.

Respondent 3.

Respondent 4.

Respondent 5.

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Respondent 6.
Respondent 7.

Respondent *
Respondent 9.

Respondent 10.

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Respondent 11.

Respondent 12

Respondent 13.

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Respondent 14

Respondent 15.

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Respondent 16.

Respondent 17.

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Respondent 18
Respondent 19.

Respondent 20

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Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information
(2x2) Picture
Name: Baligod, Sabrina Solemn
Date of Birth: October 23, 2010
Age: 13
Address: Camella Lessandra, Bacoor, Cavite

Contact Details:
Email Address:
[email protected]
Cellphone Number: 09064051191

Education
Saint Genevieve of France Academy (SGFA)

Bayanan Elementary School

Bacoor National High School- Main

Academic achievements:

 Graduated with Honors (S.Y 2022 – 2023)

 Best in Languange- nursery & kinder
 Best in English - kinder
 Best in Science - kinder
 With honors (grade 1 – 5)
 Asal Bayanian Award

Appendix D

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Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information
(2x2) Picture
Name: Papina, Biencarlo C.
Date of Birth: November 27, 2010
Age: 13
Address: Molino, Bacoor, Cavite

Contact Details:
Email Address: [email protected]
Cellphone Number: 09496062385
Education
Montessori Dei San Lorenzo

Don Steven Institute

Saint John Fisher School

Molino Elementary School

Bacoor National Highschool - Main

Academic achievements:

 Graduated with High Honors (S.Y 2022 – 2023)

 Graduation Speech Deliverer (S.Y. 2022 – 2023)
 Graduated with High Honors (Grade 2-5)
 ASMEPPS Science National Quiz Bee Champion (S.Y. 2022-2023)
 Molino Elementary School Math and Science quiz bee 1 st place
(Grade 6)
 Molino Elementary School Math and Science quiz bee 1 st place
(Grade 5)
 Molino Elementary School Math and Science quiz bee 1 st place
(Grade 4)
 Divisional Science quiz bee 3rd placer (Grade 5)
 Poster making contest 3rd place (school level)
 Science photojournalism 1st place (Grade 5)
 DSPC photojournalism 3rd place (Grade 5)
 Divisional Folk dance competition 1st place (Grade 6)
 School level Ap Quiz bee Champion (Grade 1)
 ASMEPPS Science Regional Quiz bee 3rd place (Grade 5)

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Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information

Name: Orquillos, Jessie Jamisto

Date of Birth: February 21, 2011
Age: 13
Address: San Nicolas 1 211 Molino Rd. New RRSN
BLDG.

Contact Details:
Email Address: [email protected]
Cellphone Number: 09946099618

Education
Ligas 1 elementary school

Bacoor National Highschool – Main

Academic achievements:

 Graduated With honor (S.Y. 2023 – 2024)

 With Honors (Grade 1-5)
 2nd place DSPC copyreading
 1st place readathon
 best in communication
 best in arts
 best in reading
 2nd place poem contest
 2nd place buwan ng wika poem contest
 2nd place salad making contest
 10th place national festival of talents and values

Appendix D

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Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information
(2x2) Picture
Name: Alcaria, Arianne Kaye
Date of Birth: April 15, 2011
Age: 12
Address: Molino IV, Bacoor Cavite

Contact Details:
Email Address: kayearianne21gmail.com
Cellphone Number: 09701719054

Education
Matagdungan Elementary School
Soldiers Hills IV
Elementary School Bacoor National Highschool- Main
Academic achievements:

 Graduated with Honors (S.Y 2022 – 2023)

 With High Honor kinder (Grade 3)
 With Honor (Grade 4-5)
 2nd place School Cook-fest
 2nd place Nutri-quiz
 4th place DSPC spoken poetry
 2nd place RSPC spoken poetry
 7th place DSPC Science Quiz bee
 Public Speaker Award
 Young Dancer Award
 Neat Kid Award
 Eager Beaver Award
 Little Teacher Award
 Best in Numeracy
 Best in Reading
 Best in Arts
 Best in English
 Best in Science

Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae

(2x2) Picture
Science Investigatory Project
Special Science Curriculum
2023-2024 62
 BACOOR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- MAIN
Molino 1, City of Bacoor, Cavite

Personal Information

Name: Cabrera, James Aaron T.

Date of Birth: July 20 2011
Age: 12
Address: Bacoor Cavite Navarre Town Homes

Contact Details:
Email Address: [email protected]
Cellphone Number: 9762939298

Education
Theos Higher Ground Academe
Bacoor National Highschool-Main
Academic achievements:

 Graduated with Honors (S.Y 2022 – 2023)

 Kinder- with honors
 Best in conduct G1-G4
 with honors G5
 With high honors 2nd Place Math and Science Poster making
 4th place Worship song contest
 Best in Filipino,Math and Araling Panlipunan
 Best in English
 3rd place bible character portrayal

Science Investigatory Project

Special Science Curriculum
2023-2024 63