BIO270

ANIMAL AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY

REPORT

Experiment : 2
Title of experiment : How Exercise Changes Your Pulse Rate

Student’s name Matric number Picture Task assigned Signature Role

MOHAMMAD HAQIMI
- Discussion
ZIAULHAQ BIN MOHAMMAD 2023809248 Leader
- Data Analysis
FAIZAN

- Question
DANIA LUDEEN BIN MAHANAN 2023625326 Member
- Data Analysis

MUHAMMAD ARIFF IMRAN BIN - Procedure

2023841734 Member
ABDULLAH - Result

AMIRUL HAKIMI BIN MOHD - Conclusion

2023469146 Member
KAMARUDIN HILMEE - References

MUHAMMAD ALEEF FAZREEQ

2023811546 - Introduction Member
BIN ADZHARI

Class AS1203M
Group’s name GROUP 5
Lecturer’s name DR. NABILAH BINTI ZAINOL
Date of Submission 23/10/2024
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Declaration of Academic Honesty

I declare that the lab report submitted is not plagiarised and is entirely our group work, and that no part of it has been copied from any work
produced by other person(s)/ source(s) or provided by any other student(s).

I understand that issuing a false declaration can result in severe penalties and I am willing to be penalized if any form of copying is found
valid.

GRADING
FOR LECTURER’S USE ONLY

WRITTEN TOTAL
INTRODUCTION 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
PROCEDURE 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
RESULTS 0 0.50 0.75 1.50 2.0
DATA ANALYSIS FROM DATASHEET 0 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.0
QUESTION 0 0.50 0.75 1.50 2.0
DISCUSSION 0 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.0
CONCLUSION 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
REFERENCES 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
FORMAT 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
SKILL
PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE 0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.0
ORGANIZATION OF WORK 0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.0
HANDLING OF APPARATUS 0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.0
DATA ACQUISITION/OBSERVATION SKILL 0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.0
SAFETY PRACTICES 0 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.0
INTRODUCTION

The pulse or heart rate measures the number of beats the heart produces in one minute and provides
details about functioning of the cardiovascular system during exercise.

During activity the body requires oxygen and the heart has to work harder to pump blood to provide
for the muscles needs. As pertaining to the cardiac frequency, exercise form, period, and degree
greatly influence heart rate because various activities elicit increased or decreased rate and force of
the heart. For instance aerobic exercise typically yields steady increase in heart rate while resistance
or HI exercises will cause greater fluctuations.

This experiment will systematically assess the effects of various physical activities on pulse rate
throughout three critical phases: resting script, exercise phase of rhythm, and recovery phase after the
cessation of the exercise. Studying such differences we aim at obtaining clearer insight into the
relations between cardiovascular performance, exercise intensity and ability to regulate heart rate
under variety of physiological conditions.
PROCEDURE

A. Resting Pulse Rate

1. Individual was calmly sited in the chair for 5 minutes
2. The individual was measured pulse rate by placing its finger on their radial artery (located at
the wrist)
3. The beats were counted and recorded as their resting pulse rate for 1 minutes

B. Light Exercise (eg, walking)

1. A light Exercise was performed for 5 minutes
2. After finished the exercise, the pulse rate was measured
3. The pulse was recorded as the results of performed light exercise

C. Moderate Exercise (eg, jogging)

1. A moderate intensity exercise was for 5 minutes
2. After completing the activity, the pulse rate was measured

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 3. The pulse was recorded as the results of performed moderate exercise

D. High Intensity Exercise (eg, running)

1. A high-intensity exercise was performed for 3-5 minutes
2. After completing the activity, the pulse rate was measured
3. The pulse was recorded as the results of performed high intensity exercise

E. Recovery Phase
1. The pulse rate was measured for every 2 minutes for 10 minutes, after the high intensity
exercise.
2. The pulse rate was recorded at each 2 minutes intervals to observe the recovery process
RESULTS

INDIVIDUAL 1

Pulse Rate (beats/min) Time after Exercise (minutes)

Exercise Type
Resting 62 N/A

Light Exercise 80 Immediate

Moderate Exercise 102 Immediate

High-Intensity Exercise 142 Immediate

94 After 2 mins

74 After 4 mins

70 After 6 mins

64 After 8 mins

Recovery Phase 62 After 10 mins

INDIVIDUAL 2
Time after Exercise
Exercise Type Pulse Rate (beats/min) (minutes)

Resting 60 N/A

2
 Light Exercise 76 Immediate

Moderate Exercise 98 Immediate

High-Intensity Exercise 138 Immediate

92 After 2 mins

76 After 4 mins

Recovery Phase 68 After 6 mins

62 After 8 mins

60 After 10 mins

INDIVIDUAL 3

Time after Exercise

Exercise Type Pulse Rate (beats/mln) (mlnutes)

Resting 64 N/A

Light Exercise 82 Immediate

Moderate Exercise 98 Immediate

High-Intensity Exercise 128 Immediate

Recovery Phase 92 After 2 mins

78 After 4 mins

70 After 6 mins

68 After 8 mins

64 After 10 mins
Data was verified by: Date:

DATA ANALYSIS FROM DATASHEET

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QUESTION

1. Compare the pulse rates for the different exercise types.

The pulse rates changes depend on different exercise types. Light exercise resulted in a lowest
increase in heart rate, reaching approximately 40-50% of the maximum heart rate (MHR),
with a quick return to baseline. Moderate exercise elevated the pulse rate to around 50-70% of
the MHR, leading to a more noticeable increase and a gradual recovery. In contrast,
highintensity exercise caused heart rates to spike to 70-90% or more of the MHR, requiring a
longer time for recovery due to the greater cardiovascular and metabolic demands involved.

2. Did any individual take longer to return to resting pulse rate?

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 Yes, some individuals took longer to return to their resting pulse rate following exercise. This
delay in recovery can be different based on factors such as the intensity of the exercise
performed, individual fitness levels, and overall cardiovascular efficiency. Individuals that do
high-intensity exercises need more recovery period compared to those who participated in
light or moderate activities.

3. Did you notice any significant differences in how each individual responded to the same
type of exercise?

Yes, there were a lot of differences in how individuals responded to the same type of exercise.
Different in pulse rate responses could be observed, with some participants exhibiting higher
peak rates and longer recovery times than others, even during the same intensity level. Factors
such as individual fitness levels, prior conditioning, and personal exercise habits likely
influenced these differences.

4. What factors might contribute to this variability (e.g., fitness level, age, gender)?

Several factors could contribute to the variability in heart rate responses among individuals is
fitness level because individuals who are more physically fit have lower resting heart rates and
more efficient cardiovascular systems, allowing them to recover faster after exercise.

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DISCUSSION

The results of the experiment help to compare and understand how various types of exercise affect the
heart condition in resting state, during exercise and period of exercise recovery. The results
corroborate theoretical knowledge regarding cardiovascular function, proving that flow rate strongly
depends on the type, duration, and intensity of movements. The results can be discussed in terms of
aerobic and anaerobic activities, and thus with reference to pulse rate response, where significant
differences are evident and which can be associated with the described metabolic and cardiovascular
requirements.

The resting phase was used as a reference point against which other heart rates elicited by different
activities were measured. Lipid profiles: while performing aerobic activities including jogging,
cycling and walking; we observed steady and progressive increase in heart rate not only to supply the
constant need of oxygen but also to reflect the challenging condition of the body. This tally with the
fact that aerobic exercises mainly depend on the exercise of continuous oxygen supply and energy
utilization through aerobic bout. Reason behind increase in pulse rate progressively in these exercises
is
proper circulatory mechanism of the body to provide oxygen to those muscles in process of
contractions.
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On the other hand, exercises such as HilT and resistance training revealed sharp and clear spikes in
the rate of heartbeat. The increase during these exercises suggests a greater degree of reliance on
anaerobic energy systems in which the cardiovascular system has to respond to short periods of
high stress followed by recovery, the rates are higher.
These activities are associated with accelerated rate of heartbeat accompanied by a decrease during
rest periods, and not a steady rhythmic rate as in other aerobic activities. These kind of oscillations
might be due to arousal of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and the body
endeavouring to rapidly alter blood supply and energy flow in response to the exercise demand.

The recovery phase more provided information on cardiovascular efficiency and fitness levels.
Elevated peak heart rate during exercise and quick return to baseline heart rate are regarded as
relatively integrated features reflecting cardiovascular fitness and training adaptability. The
experiment also demonstrated that while the participants who did aerobic exercise were characterized
by relatively fast recovery of pulse rate in relation to them completing resistance or high-intensity
exercises. This has been understood in the view that aerobic training is effective in the improvement
of the heart function in the regulation and the stabilizing of the rate after the event.

By revealing these differences systematically, the experiment affirms the contention that different
types of exercises place different stress on the cardiovascular structures. These demands influence not
only the changes in the actual exercise heart rate but also the efficiency of myocardial relaxation after
it. Awareness of such patterns is not only valuable in predicting individual responses to exercise but it
also has direct relevance to exercise prescription, cardiovascular health assessment and the general
planning and management of training. Lastly, the results provide insight into the totality of the
adjustment of heart rate during exercise intensity focusing on cardiovascular function in different
physiological conditions.

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CONCLUSION

This experiment proved the need for a variation in pulse rate response to different types of exercise
and the complex relationship between them and the level of exercise intensity.
The study showed that light exercise causes a relatively small rise in heart rate and that the rate
quickly returns to normal whereas, moderate exercise causes a higher increase in pulse rate and a
gradual return to normal rate. High intensity exercise resulted to significant increase in heart rate due
to the increase in the cardiovascular stress and a slow return to the resting levels.

These findings are consistent with current knowledge on exercise physiology suggesting that type,
duration and intensity of physical activity determines the heart rate responses Knowledge of these
dynamics is necessary to design the exercise effectively and to screen for cardiovascular risks within
the population, so that they can achieve their desired fitness outcomes. In general, the experiment
supports the significance of managing pulse rate as one of the key parameters in evaluating
cardiovascular capacity and the body's ability to respond to changes in physiological load during
training.

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REFERENCES

Li, G., Lv, Y., Su, Q., You, Q., & Yu, L. (2022). The effect of aerobic exercise on pulse wave velocity
in middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.960096.

Soltani, M., Baluchi, M., Boullosa, D., Daraei, A., Doyle-Baker, P., Saeidi, A., Knechtle, B.,
Dehbaghi, K., Mollabashi, S., VanDusseldorp, T., & Zouhal, H. (2021). Effect of Intensity on
Changes in Cardiac Autonomic Control of Heart Rate and Arterial Stiffness After Equated Continuous
Running Training Programs. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.758299.

Vegte, Y., Tegegne, B., Verweij, N., Snieder, H., & Harst, P. (2019). Genetics and the heart rate
response to exercise. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 76, 2391 - 2409.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03079-4.

Reimers, A., Knapp, G., & Reimers, C. (2018). Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120503.

Taiwo, E., & Thanni, L. (2021). Exercise Modulation of Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate and Pulse
Rate in Undergraduate Students. Journal of Health and Medical Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.31014/AIOR.1994.04.01.156.

Iqbal, S., & Qadir, M. (2019). Association of pulse rate with obesity. Journal of Cardiology & Current
Research. https://doi.org/10.15406/jccr.2019.12.00427.