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555 timer

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Sadhik Vs
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8 views

555 timer

Uploaded by

Sadhik Vs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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555 timer

555 timer
• Figure 1 shows the input and output signals of the 555 timer as they
are arranged around a standard 8 pin dual inline package (DIP).
• Pin 1 - Ground (GND) This pin is connected to circuit ground.

Pin 2 - Trigger
A low voltage (less than 1/3 the supply voltage) applied momentarily to the
Trigger input causes the output (pin 3) to go high. The output will remain
high until a high voltage is applied to the Threshold input (pin 6).
• Pin 3 – Output (OUT)
• Pin 4 – Reset (RES)
A low voltage (less than 0.7V) applied to the reset pin will cause the output
(pin 3) to go low. This input should remain connected to Vcc when not used
• Pin 5 – Control voltage (CON)
You can control the threshold voltage (pin 6) through the control
input (which is internally set to 2/3 the supply voltage).
• Pin 6 – Threshold (TRE)
• Pin 7 – Discharge (DIS)
when the voltage across the timing capacitor exceeds the threshold
value. The timing capacitor is discharged through this input
• Pin 8 – Supply voltage (VCC)
555 –Internal block diagram
• The voltage divider consists of three identical 5k resistors which
create two reference voltages at 1/3 and 2/3 of the supplied voltage,
which can range from 5 to 15V.
• Next are the two comparators.
• A comparator is a circuit element that compares two analog input
voltages at its positive (non-inverting) and negative (inverting) input
terminal.
• If the input voltage at the positive terminal is higher than the input
voltage at the negative terminal the comparator will output 1.
• Vice versa, if the voltage at the negative input terminal is higher than
the voltage at the positive terminal, the comparator will output 0.
• The first comparator negative input terminal is connected to the 2/3
reference voltage at the voltage divider and the external “control”
pin, while the positive input terminal to the external “Threshold” pin.
• On the other hand, the second comparator negative input terminal is
connected to the “Trigger” pin, while the positive input terminal to
the 1/3 reference voltage at the voltage divider.
• So using the three pins, Trigger, Threshold and Control, we can
control the output of the two comparators which are then fed to the
R and S inputs of the flip-flop.
• The flip-flop will output 1 when R is 0 and S is 1, and vice versa, it will
output 0 when R is 1 and S is 0. Additionally the flip-flop can be reset
via the external pin called “Reset” which can override the two inputs,
thus reset the entire timer at any time.
555 Timer – Astable Mode

• The 555 Timer works in an astable mode.


• In this mode the IC becomes an oscillator or also called Free Running
Multivibrator.
• It doesn’t have a stable state and continuously switches between
High and Low without application of any external trigger.
• Here’s an example circuit of the 555 Timer operating in astable
mode.
working
• We only need two resistors and a capacitor.
• The Trigger and Threshold pins are connected to each other so there is no
need of external trigger pulse.
• Initially, the voltage source will start charging the capacitor through the
Resistors R1 and R2.
• While charging the Trigger comparator will output 1 because the input
voltage at the Trigger pin is still lower than 1/3 of the supplied voltage.
• That means that the Q-bar output is 0 and the discharge transistor is
closed.
• At this time the output of the 555 Timer is High.
• Once the voltage across the capacitor reaches 1/3 of the supplied
voltage, the Trigger comparator will output 0 but at this point that
won’t do any change as both R and S inputs of the flip-flop are 0.
• So the voltage across the capacitor will keep rising, and once it
reaches 2/3 of the supplied voltage, the Threshold comparator will
output 1 to the R input of the flip-flop.
• This will active the discharging transistor and now the capacitor will
start discharging through the resistor R2 and the discharging
transistor.
• At this moment the output of the 555 Timer is Low.
• While discharging, the voltage across the capacitor starts to decline,
and the Threshold comparator right away starts to output 0, which
actually doesn’t do any change as now both R and S inputs of the
flip-flop are 0.
• But once the voltage across the capacitor drops to 1/3 of the supplied
voltage, the Trigger comparator will output 1.
• This will turn off the discharge transistor and the capacitor will start
to charge again.
• So this processes of charging and discharging between 2/3 and 1/3 of
the supplied voltage will keep running on its own, thus producing a
square wave on the 555 Timer output.
555 Timer – Monostable Mode

• The trigger input is held High by connecting it to VCC through a resistor.


• That means that the trigger comparator will output 0 to the S input of the
flip-flop.
• On the other hand, the Threshold pin is Low and that makes the Threshold
comparator out 0 as well.
• The Threshold pin is actually Low because the Q-bar output of the flip-flop
is High, which keeps the discharge transistor active, so the voltage coming
from the source is going to ground through that transistor.
• In order to change the 555 Timer output state to High we need to
press the pushbutton on trigger pin.
• That will ground the trigger pin, or the input state will be 0, thus the
comparator will output 1 to the S input of the flip-flip.
• This will cause the Q-bar output to go Low and the 555 Timer output
High.
• At the same time, we can notice that the discharge transistor is
turned off, so now the capacitor C1 will start charging through the
resistor R1.
• The 555 Timer will remain in this state until the voltage across the
capacitor reaches 2/3 of the supplied voltage.
• In that case, the Threshold input voltage will be higher and the
comparator will output 1 to the R input of the flip-flip.
• This will bring the circuit into the initial state.
• The Q-bar output will become High, which will activate the discharge
transistor as well as make the IC output Low again.
• So we can notice that the amount of time the output of the 555 Timer
is High, depends on how much time the capacitor needs to charge to
2/3 of the supplied voltage, and that depends on the values of both
the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1.
• We can actually calculate this time with the following formula,
T=1.1*C1*R1.

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