Scribd
Upload
89 views11 pages

ppt ON SOLAR CELL

Uploaded by

bunnyipod5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views11 pages

ppt ON SOLAR CELL

Uploaded by

bunnyipod5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Geethanjali College of Engineering &

Technology.

SOLID STATE PHYSICS PROJECT

TOPIC: SOLAR CELL.

K. Murali Karthik(24R11A0465)
T. Hemanth Rao(24R11A0482)
Agastya Kumar(24R11A0444)
WHAT IS A SOLAR CELL:
• A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is
an electronic device that
• converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of
the photovoltaic effect.
• It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose
electrical
• characteristics (such as current, voltage, or resistance) vary
when exposed to light.
• Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic modules,
otherwise known as solar panels.
CONSTRUCTION:
• A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is primarily
composed of two layers of silicon: a p-type and an
n-type layer. These layers create a p-n junction,
which is crucial for the cell's operation.
• The Basic Structure:
• P-type Silicon Layer:
• Doped with impurities like boron
• Has a deficiency of electrons, resulting in "holes"
(positive charge carriers).
• N-type Silicon Layer:
• -Doped with impurities like phosphorus
• -Has an excess of electrons (negative charge
carriers).
• P-N Junction:
• The interface between the p-type and n-type layers
• Creates an electric field due to the diffusion of charge carriers
• Additional Layers and Coatings:
• Anti-Reflective Coating:
• Reduces light reflection, maximizing light absorption
• Metal Contacts:
• Collect and transport the generated electric current
• Typically made of aluminum or silver
• Encapsulation:
• -Protects the cell from environmental factors like moisture and dust
• -Often made of glass or polymer.

• MATERIALS USED:
• 1.Sillicon
• 2.Cadmium telinide
• 3.GaAs
• 4.CuInSe2
WORKING:
• Solar Cell works on the principal of
Photovoltaic mode(No bias mode)

• Photon Absorption:
• When sunlight strikes a solar cell,
photons (particles of light) are absorbed
by the semiconductor material, typically
silicon.

• Electron Excitation:
• The absorbed energy excites electrons
in the silicon atoms, allowing them to
break free from their bonds.
• Charge Separation:
• The p-n junction, a boundary between a p-type and an n-type semiconductor,
plays a crucial role in separating the excited electrons.
• The p-type layer has a deficiency of electrons (holes), while the n-type layer has an excess of
electrons.
• Electric Current:
• The separated electrons and holes create an electric potential difference across the p-n
junction.
• If an external circuit is connected to the cell, the electrons flow through the circuit, generating
an electric current.
• Fill Factor in Solar Cells:
• The Fill Factor (FF) is a crucial parameter that measures the quality and efficiency of a solar
cell.
• It essentially quantifies how well a solar cell converts the maximum possible power output
into actual power.
• Fill factor(FF) = (Vm*Im)/(Voc*Isc).
V-I CHARACTERICTS:
• Short-Circuit Current (Isc):
• The current flowing through
the cell when the terminals are
short-circuited.
• This occurs at zero voltage.

• Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc):


• The voltage across the cell terminals when
no current is flowing.
• This occurs at zero current.
• Maximum Power Point (MPP):
• The point on the curve where the product of voltage and current is maximum.
• This is the ideal operating point for a solar cell.

• Factors Affecting V-I Characteristics:

• Solar Irradiance: Higher irradiance leads to higher short-circuit current and


open-circuit voltage.
• Temperature: Temperature affects the bandgap of the semiconductor material,
influencing the V-I curve.
• Cell Quality: Defects and impurities in the cell material can degrade its
performance.
APPLICATIONS:
• Residential and Commercial Power
Generation
• Remote Power Systems.
• Solar-Powered Gadgets.
• Solar Water Heating.
• Solar-Powered Vehicles.
ADVANTAGES:
• Clean and Renewable Energy.
• Lower Electricity Bills.
• Low Maintenance.
• Versatility.
DISADVANTAGES:
• High Initial Cost
• Weather Dependence
• Technological Limitations:
• Although solar cell technology has advanced significantly,
there are still limitations in terms of efficiency and cost.

You might also like