INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Answer the
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
and write the exact
words that are related
to position paper based
on the clues.
INITIALIZING...
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, you will be able

1. Define what position

paper is
2. Identify situations in which a
position paper may be
effectively used in the present
society
LESSON 1:
WHAT IS
POSITION
PAPER?
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

GEAR UP YOUR MIND

1. Position paper is an essay that

expresses a stand whether one is
affirmative or negative about an
issue.
Position Paper reflects a series of
statements for or against
something that involves logic,
research evidence, and assertion
to make persuasion.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

GEAR UP YOUR MIND

2. Position paper has only one

element which presents the point
of view of the writer together with
its evidences supporting his claim.
Position paper has three elements
INTRODUCTION - identifies an issue that is being discussed by
the author emphasizing his/her position about the issue

BODY - presents the point of view of the writer together with its
evidences supporting his claim

CONCLUSION - restates the main points, then summarizes the

arguments made in the paper and then provides a call of action
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?
THE ELEMENTS OF POSITION PAPER

1. State the issue while grabbing the attention

of the readers

1. INTRODUCTION 2. Define the issue and discuss its background

3. Provide general statement of your position

through thesis statement

4. State the main argument

2. BODY 5. Provide sufficient evidence for each

argument such as statistical data
6. Provide counterarguments towards possible
weaknesses of your arguments

7. Restate the main points of the issue

8. Suggest course of action

3. CONCLUSION 9. State what makes your position is

acceptable or superior
10. Close the paper with statement using a
quotation, challenge or question
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

Importance of Education Essay

In such a competitive world, education is the essential requirement of every
individual. Education fulfills one’s life with joy and happiness. An educated person is
more satisfied with his life, or we can say that education gives the reason to be alive
INTRODUCTION
in this world. Education steps simultaneously with your life till the end.
There are lots of reason why is education important in one’s life. The very first thing
that one can get livelihood that is that prior thing in human life to live. Education is a
platform by which one can get success and reach the top of destination. It is a fact
that the more educated you are the much wealthier you are. Education improves
the mentality and behavior of people. Thus, educated people are more sensible
and calmer. They treat animals and nature politely too. They have an advanced
and developed mind. Also, they desolate the surrounding of superstitious and makes

BODY
others believe in reality. A quality education system in the country lessen the
corruption and terrorism and encourage its progress.
Education makes a man be responsible and follow the rules and regulation of the
society. Hence, they have unique fame in the community. Also, they work
thoughtfully and improves their social status. Such qualities sometimes offer them
recognition of good leader or respected profession.
Education is essential for both men and women to understand every aspect of life.
Today, the criteria and the theme of the education is entirely different than earlier.
Many national programs are also promoting education and making it accessible.
Education in the society mitigates all the differences and giving responsibilities,
duties, social and human rights as well.
Today, you live in a technical world just because of educated people. People
invented lots of gadgets, machines, instrument, communication tools, etc. A country
well-equipped with science and technology is known as strengthening and
advanced country. In earlier days, there was lack of education. But today,
CONCLUSION
education systems are growing day by day and thus, people enlarge their views all
over the world.

Source: "Importance Of Education? Essay On Education". Sure Job, 2020. https://surejob.in/importance-of-

education.html.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

GEAR UP YOUR MIND

3. Position paper is not published

at all because it is personal in
nature.

Position papers are published in

academia as academic paper,
politics, law and other domains.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

GEAR UP YOUR MIND

4. The goal of position paper is to

change the opinions and attitude
of others.

Its goal is to convince the

audience that the opinion raised
underwent thorough investigation
and data collection as evidence is
therefore valid.
 It’s time to
BOOST UP YOUR
LEARNING
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

ENUMERATE
1. Read the 500 words essay entitled
Position Paper on Responsible
Mining in Bataraza, Palawan

Write your observation of the

introduction, body and
conclusion.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

ENUMERATE

1. Write your observations on the following:

Observation Observation
(Introduction) (Body)

Observation
(Conclusion)
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

LET’S GENERALIZE YOUR LEARNING

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Position paper is an essay

that expresses a ______
whether one is ________
or _________ about an
_______.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

Characteristic Position Paper Essay

To declare the intentions,
motives, or views of an
To present a well-argued
Purpose individual or group, often to
position on a particular issue
promote a particular cause or
movement
Academic audience or
Audience General public
general public
Tone Passionate and persuasive Objective and persuasive
Scope Can be broad or specific Often broad in scope
Should include an May include a variety of
Content & introduction, body content, such as personal
Structure paragraphs, and a stories, calls to action, and
conclusion slogans
Style Can be formal or informal Formal

Can be published in a variety Typically published in

Publication of formats, such as websites, academic journals or
books, and pamphlets magazines
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING

Group Activity: Society in Focus

List at least three (3) issues that

your community is facing right
now.

Write the answers on a sheet

of SHORT bond paper.
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING

Group Activity: Society in Focus

ISSUES WHAT I WANT TO FOCUS ON

 What are the effects of cyberbullying on

Example: Cyberbullying teenagers?
 What should the government do to address
cybercrimes?
 LESSON 1: What is Position Paper?

REFLECTION
Write your reflection at the back of your test paper
following the given format. Submit once finished.

After doing the activities:

I noticed
____________________________________________________________

A question I have is
____________________________________________________________

I’m not sure

____________________________________________________________

I realized
____________________________________________________________
INITIALIZING…
TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

NOW, READ AND SCRUTINIZE

CAREFULLY THE PIECES OF SHORT
DOCUMENTS GIVEN TO YOU

WHAT DO YOU
THINK ARE THEY?
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

THEY ARE WHAT YOU CALLED…

What do you
think manifesto is?
 LESSON 2:
GATHERING
AND ANALYSIS
OF MANIFESTO
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, you will be able

1. Identify situations in which a
position paper may be
effectively used in the present
society
2. Gather manifestos and
analyze the arguments used by
the writer/s
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

MANIFESTO is…

a published document which is usually

created by a group who shares
common opinion about an issue. It
can be in a form of critiques, views,
ideologies and perspectives about
societal concerns or an action plan
for change.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

VOCABULARY ALERT!!
Select the correct definition
sets of ideas or beliefs that are
A. used to understand and explain
critiques the world

the ways that we see and understand

the world influenced by our individual
views B. experiences, our culture, and our
social position.

ideologies C.
careful examinations of something,
often with the goal of identifying its
flaws or shortcomings

perspectives D.
our personal opinions or beliefs about
something shaped by
experiences, our values, and our
our
knowledge.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

Select which manifesto is in a form of critique, view, ideology or

perspective.

I believe that all animals have the right to be free from suffering
and to live with dignity. I also believe that we have a moral
obligation to protect animals from cruelty and neglect.

I advocate for animal liberation. This advocacy promotes

animals are sentient beings who have the right to live
free from human exploitation.
As a Filipino citizen, I am particularly concerned about the impact of animal
cruelty on our society. Animal cruelty is a symptom of a larger problem of
violence and disrespect for life. I believe that by promoting animal rights, we
can create a more compassionate and just society for all.

The current state of animal rights in the Philippines is inadequate and often
inhumane. Animals are often subjected to cruelty and neglect in the food
industry, in breeding operations, and in the entertainment industry.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

The common topics in

manifestos are issues
about art, literature,
environment, business
and politics.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

Political Business Social

manifestos Manifestos manifestos
Literary Artistic
manifestos manifestos

Environmental Religious
manifestos Manifestos
Healthcare Educational
Manifestos Manifestos
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

Democracy
Political Human rights
Equality
manifestos Justice

often focus on
Peace & Security
Freedom

issues such as: Environmental justice

Economic justice

Gender equality

Social manifestos Racial equality

LGBTQ+ rights
often focus on Disability rights
Workers' rights
issues such as: Animal rights
Social justice
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

Climate change
Environmental Pollution
manifestos often focus Biodiversity loss
on issues such as: Sustainable development
Environmental protection
Artistic freedom
Artistic manifestos The role of art in society
often focus on New artistic movements
New artistic techniques
issues such as: The definition of art

Literary manifestos The role of literature in society

New literary movements
often focus on issues New literary techniques
such as: The definition of literature
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

may address issues such as religious

Religious freedom, interfaith dialogue, and the
Manifestos role of religion in society.

may address issues such as corporate

Business
social responsibility, fair trade, and
Manifestos worker's rights.

Education may address issues such as access to education,

educational quality, and the role of education
Manifestos in society.

Healthcare may address issues such as access to

healthcare, healthcare affordability, and the
Manifestos quality of healthcare.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

interfaith dialogue
quality of curriculum implementation
Biodiversity loss

Democracy
LGBTQ+ rights
expression of oneself creatively, without fear of censorship or
repression

corporate social responsibility

access to medical services
preservation of culture and heritage through
documented stories
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

ENUMERATE

Read the sample of manifesto

assigned to you

Enumerate the
arguments that are
present in the manifesto.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

ENUMERATE
2. Enumerate the arguments that are present in the manifesto.

ARGUMENT NO. 1 EXPLAIN

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________

ARGUMENT NO. 2 EXPLAIN

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________

ARGUMENT NO. 3 EXPLAIN

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

LET’S GENERALIZE YOUR LEARNING

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. What is a manifesto?

2. Name a type of a manifesto.

3. Name common topics that are

used in writing manifesto.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
Characteristic MANIFESTO
To declare the intentions,
motives, or views of an
To present a well-argued
Purpose individual or group, often to
position on a particular issue
promote a particular cause or
movement
Academic audience or
Audience General public
general public
Tone Passionate and persuasive Objective and persuasive
Scope Can be broad or specific Often broad in scope
Should include an May include a variety of
Content & introduction, body content, such as personal
Structure paragraphs, and a stories, calls to action, and
conclusion slogans
Style Can be formal or informal Formal

Can be published in a variety Typically published in

Publication of formats, such as websites, academic journals or
books, and pamphlets magazines
 Lesson 2: Writing a Position Paper

IT’S TIME TO LEVEL UP

YOUR LEARNING!

YOUR FINAL
OUTPUT FOR THIS
LESSON
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING

Group Activity: Society in Focus

Create at least one manifesto

regarding the topic you have chosen
from the list of issues in your
community or related to your concept
paper.
Use coloring materials and write on
either short/letter size or long/legal
size bond paper.
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto
LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING
RUBRICS IN WRITING MANIFESTO
 LESSON 2: Gathering and Analysis of Manifesto

REFLECTION
Write your reflection at the back of your test paper
following the given format. Submit once finished.

After doing the activities:

I noticed
____________________________________________________________

A question I have is
____________________________________________________________

I’m not sure

____________________________________________________________

I realized
____________________________________________________________
INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

ACTIVITY 1
The following words are significant in presenting your
position towards a topic. Select the correct statement
that correctly define the words below.

factual argument defense persuade opinion

counter
issue reason claims evidence
claim
INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. It is a statement of reasons wherein facts are intended to support a point of
view.
2. It is a sufficient ground of explanation or logical defense to explain a fact.
3. It is restricted and is based on facts.
4. It is the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision.
5. These are actions or words to resist an attack.
6. It is to cause someone to believe about something through the
consistent effort of convincing.
7. These are facts or information as a proof of whether a belief or
proposition is true or valid.
8. This view or judgment about something is formed not necessarily based
on fact or knowledge.
9. This is purposely made to rebut a previous claim.
10. It is an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or
in doubt.
INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

ACTIVITY 2
Instructions:
Identify the term being
described by the statements
below. Write T if the statement
is true and F if otherwise. Write
your answers in your notebook.
INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

______1. Persuasion writing appeals to the

reader’s emotions.
______2. Advertisements use argumentation.
______3. Using persuasion will ask someone to
take action after believing what the speaker has
said.
______4. Argumentation uses logic and pieces of
evidence in making a claim.
______5. Science and law use persuasion.
INITIALIZING...

TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

______ 6. An introduction elaborates on the details

of the writers’ position.
______ 7. The conclusion reiterates the statement
in the introduction.
______ 8. The body of the paper is the largest part.
______ 9. A thesis is an essential one-sentence
part of the essay.
_____ 10. Writers need to exhaust ideas through
an extensive gathering of information from
different sources.
LESSON 3:
WRITING A
POSITION
PAPER
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, you will be able

1. defend a stand on an issue by
presenting reasonable arguments
supported by properly cited factual
evidences;

2. write various position papers.

 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

LET’S TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

What instance have

you experienced that
you are in a
persuading situation?
EXPLAIN.

What instance that you

are into an argument?
EXPLAIN.
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

LET’S TURN UP YOUR KNOWLEDGE

READ THE FOLLOWING

SITUATIONS.
WHICH ONE IS AN
ARGUMENTATION, AND
WHICH ONE IS
PERSUASION?
Many students ignore the significance of doing well in their
studies. They often neglect their parents’ sacrifices by
getting low grades or worst yet getting failing marks. On the
other hand, psychologists say performance in school is
influenced by many factors which include peers. However,
to fare well in school is not only about influence but also
about being exposed to social realities such as difficulties
of getting a decent job. Thus, funding students to school
becomes a big sacrifice among parents.

Parents’ love which is illustrated with their sacrifices

is worth recognition. They send their children to
school even if they have not gone to school
themselves, even if their own wants are sacrificed
just to fund students’ needs. You, dear students
must recognize this immeasurable love of your
parents by being good in your studies.
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

There are two basic types of position paper

essay writing.
These are:

Persuasion or Persuasive
Writing

Argumentation or
Argumentative Writing
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

•Persuasion appeals to readers’ emotions to make them believe something

or take a specific action. It also uses logic and evidence.
Note: Refer to the number-coding of the steps in persuasive writing which corresponds to the number found
at the beginning of the sentences in the sample persuasive paragraph.

Steps in Persuasive Writing

1.State your opinion and introduce your argument.
2.Give your reasons for your opinion.
3.Illustrate with examples to support your opinion.
4.Restate your opinion and your suggested solution.
Example:
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

•Argumentation relies on logic and evidence to build a case for a specific

claim. Argumentation de-emphasizes appeals to emotion.
Note: Refer to the number-coding of the steps in argumentative writing which corresponds to the number found at the
beginning of the sentences in the sample argumentative paragraph.

Steps in Argumentative Writing

1. Make a claim.
2. Support your claim with reasons/evidences.
3. Acknowledge the counterclaim.
4. Refute the counterclaim.
5. Conclude with strong statement.
Example:
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper
GEAR UP YOUR MIND

Persuasive versus Argumentative

This table below will help you differentiate Persuasive writing from Argumentative writing.

CHARACTERISTICS PERSUASIVE ARGUMENTATIVE

A claim is based A claim is based on

CLAIM
on opinion. factual evidence.

It asks the
It proves a point to the
PURPOSE audience to do
audience.
something.

It is based on
It is based on stabilized
BASIS character and
position and logic.
emotion.
 It’s time to
BOOST UP YOUR
LEARNING
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING

ACTIVITY 3. NOTE DETAILS

Read this essay and identify the

stand/ reasons of the writer. Use
your learned skill in annotating a
text. Follow the steps given to
you.

Step 1. Identify the parts and

write your comments on each at
the sides of the article.
Step 2. Box in the main points/
claims that you can find.
Step 3. Underline the reasons or
pieces of evidence that support
the claim.
Step 4. Highlight the part/s where
the call to action/s is/are.
As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted to
digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their
place, everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription.
Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are
expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they
won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and
read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t
have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they
need.
However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and
resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study
done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less
information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same
information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous
health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at
much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices
excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia,
shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read
from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add
to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.
Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book
lending. Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a
physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a
way to converse with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs,
answering patron questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found
that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for toddlers and parents,
job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported
feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that
nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact
on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions
answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people
to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them.
It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In
many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never
be replaced by a simple object.

Accessed from: Sarikas, Christine. "3 Strong Argumentative Essay Examples, Analyzed".
Blog.Prepscholar.Com, 2020. https://blog.prepscholar.com/argumentative- essay-examples
 Should Homework be Mandatory?

I can almost see many students nodding along with me as I ask this question.
The writer sets Younger generations overloaded with home tasks and numerous assignments
up the issue. have already raised this issue many times.
The writer‘s
Yet, homework remains mandatory. Is it fair or should it be cancelled?
opinion is
I believe that homework should not be viewed as a mandatory part of education
for several reasons. expressed.

First, children spend seven hours every single work day at school. That is a huge The writer
chunk of life, and with homework added on top of these hours, a child is left with provides
no time to live his life to the fullest, socialize, or grow in other areas.
reasons. (reason
The writer Second, sitting at your desk solving problems does no good to your health. Kids 1)
provides reason need time to get outside and have some fun, join a football league, or ride their
no. 2 with bikes with friends around the block. Otherwise, children will be very smart but
surprisingly weak physically.
explanation
Another argument against this position is that homework is not always the best
way to obtain knowledge quality-wise. Students tend to ask their parents or The writer
siblings for help whenever facing difficulties. Busy parents not always willing to provides reason
spend extra time explaining school material. So, their little one solves the
no. 3 with
problems themselves aiming to have more time for family, not lessons. As a result,
the child will have the homework done. But that’s really not his work. So, the explanation
whole idea of dedicating time to self-education is lost here.
The writer
Finally, knowing that after classes you would still have to work at home makes a
provides reason kid less concentrated at school. This results in short attention spans and difficulty
no. 4 with to concentrate on something for too long.
explanation
All in all, homework should rather be an option. Students understanding that they
are left behind at some subjects will take their time to go over the material at The writer presents
home. However, in other cases, they should have time after school for other a suggestion to
activities. solve the problem
that homework
should be an
Accessed from: "Position Essay Examples To Help You Grasp The Idea". Chiefessays,2020.
https://chiefessays.net/position-essay-exampleto-help-you-grasp-the-idea/. option
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

LET’S GENERALIZE YOUR LEARNING

Answer the following
The activities that are important to make a convincing stand are the following.
thesis statement argument issue evidence stand
A. Identify the ________________.
B. Make a ______________.
C. Formulate your _______________ about your stand on the issue you have identified.
D. Do research and readings to gather the information needed which will then be used as
pieces of _________________.
E. Present an effective _________________.

The basic parts of a position paper are as follows:

Introduction Body Conclusion

• Description of the argument

• Presentation of facts and pieces of evidence
• Restatement of main points and summarizes arguments
• A suggestion of the course of action or possible solutions
• Identification of the issue and background and the statement of the position.
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

IT’S TIME TO LEVEL UP

YOUR LEARNING!

YOUR FINAL
OUTPUT FOR THIS
LESSON
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING

WHAT I CAN DO? POSITION PAPER WRITING

1. Choose an issue to work on to develop into a

position paper. Issue or topic must be based on
what you have submitted in Manifesto or idea
taken from your Research Concept paper.
2. Do some research to gather more information.
3. Defend your stand by writing a position paper to
convince your reader to support your stand.
4. Refer to the rubric provided. Write your position
paper on a sheet of paper. Minimum of 500
words. Include references and cite them
properly in your paper.
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper
LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING
RUBRICS IN WRITING A POSITION PAPER
 Lesson 3: Writing a Position Paper

REFLECTION
Write your reflection at the back of your test paper
following the given format. Submit once finished.

After doing the activities:

I noticed
____________________________________________________________

A question I have is
____________________________________________________________

I’m not sure

____________________________________________________________

I realized
____________________________________________________________