EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Chapter 1

The Problem and its Background

1.1 Background of the Study

Surface water flooding is the occurrence of too much rain for the rains and the

streets fill with water (Bevan, 2007). Flood is considered as one of the most widespread

disaster to hit countries all over the world and causes loss in large scale (Glaser et al.,

2010). It is the third most devastating natural disaster in the world in which it had

claimed thousands of lives and caused destruction of hundred thousand million worth of

properties (WMO, 2012). Due to this, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Queensland undertook a survey and its key findings include that one out of five

businesses had to close for the impact of flood due to water inundation, loss of power,

loss of property including plant and equipment, stock, buildings and motor vehicle, and

loss of sale about 11% of their annual turnover. Many small businesses had been

impacted indirectly through customers (55.5%), affected suppliers (44.5%) and through

employees’ inability to attend work (34.59%) (CCIQ, 2012).

The Philippines ranks third among countries most at risk for disasters, including

floods, storms, and earthquakes. In the past years, more than 360 disasters struck the

Philippines, with a total death toll of 33,000 people which affected 120 million people.

Typhoons and floods are the most devastating in terms of the country’s economic and

social impact, accounting for 80 percent of all deaths and 92 percent of the total

economic impact (The World Bank, 2017).

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On the other hand, huge pipes are running under the España Boulevard. The pipes

are big enough for people to walk through, standing upright. They were installed in the

1970s and are meant to drain off rainwater from the streets above. Yet every time it rains

heavily and water cascades downhill from Quezon City, España immediately floods. This

is because 70% of the pipe is now crammed with filth or waste (PIA, 2017)

On the other hand, waste is defined as organic or inorganic waste materials

produced out of household, commercial activities, and industries that have lost their value

in the eyes of the first owner. But this can be disposed properly or can be reused to make

money through proper waste management for the economic and environmental growth of

the society. Waste management is a commonly used name and defined as the application

of techniques to ensure an orderly execution of the various functions of collection,

transport, processing, treatment, and disposal of waste (Barik, 2018). With an estimated

population of 12 million people, Metropolitan Manila generated 9,212.92 tons per

day of wastes in 2016. The improper disposal of waste into the city’s drainage system,

creeks, rivers and other waterways is being blamed as the culprit behind major street

flooding in the past week. (PJ Orias, 2018). Moreover, food establishments produce large

volumes of wastes, both solids and liquids, generated from the production, preparation,

and consumption of food. These wastes pose increasing disposal and potentially severe

pollution problems and represent a loss of valuable biomass and nutrients. The Philippine

Statistics Authority estimates that 38.507 million kilograms of food is wasted a year, at a

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value of P1.617 billion. This increasing issue and concern of how much danger waste

pose to both the human and the non-human population has made its management a

genuine concern throughout the world. But despite government efforts, the management

of waste disposal has remained the major environmental problem.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

How does surface water flood affect the waste management practices of selected

Food Establishments from España Boulevard?

A. What are the profiles of the selected Food Establishments?

B. What is the idea of waste management in surface water flood issues?

C. What is their knowledge about the necessity of waste management to reduce

the effects of surface water floods?

D. How do you manage the wastes produced by the food establishment?

E. What are the future waste management plans of your food establishment in

order to reduce surface water flood?

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1.3 Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to address the effect of surface water flood to how

Food Establishments manages and practices solid waste management and to be able to

provide a solution or alternatives to Food Establishments on how to help solve the current

situation of surface water flood in our country. Solid waste management aims to define a

reliable approach for Food Establishments to identify and manage environmental risks to

assess the surface water flood. This would let them have a reliable and inclusive approach

that allows Food Establishments to prevent, manage, and if possible, reduce

environmental impacts caused directly or indirectly by their business operations and

activities. The researchers conducted this study in order to increase awareness of

environmental issues across the industry and to provide clarity to all members of the

community about their responsibilities regarding surface water flood. It further exists in

order to encourage frequent review of practices and continual improvement of Food

Establishments’ business activities.

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1.4 Significance of the study

This study aims to contribute empirical data on the issues of the “The effect of

surface water flood to the solid waste management of on premise catering from España

Boulevard.”. The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

For ABM Students – This would help ABM students to find information

in order for them to have ideas on how they could manage their wastes properly in the

future incase they would build their businesses too.

Future Researchers - This study will help them to produce an output

regarding about the topic concerning the environment. The recommendations for changes

can improve the effectiveness for environmental research effort. These studies should

evaluate the reliability and consistency of these qualitative approaches to benefit and

harm assessment.

For the Community – as this study assessed the effect of surface water

flood to the waste management practices, this would benefit them by having a clean

drainage in their area that would lead to a decrease in surface water flood.

For Food Establishment Owners - to reduce long term liability by

reducing the amount of the hazard waste generated in the process or in the final stage of

their production.

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1.5 Scope of delimitations

The scope of this study focuses around surface water flood’s effect on the

practices of the Food Establishments. The respondents of the study were 5 food

establishment owners in España Boulevard. In order for them to qualify as a Food

Establishment, their operation should cover the following: stores, prepares packages,

serves, vends, or otherwise provides food for human consumption: where consumption is

on or off the premises; and regardless of whether there is a charge for the food. This

study is primarily focused on how Solid Waste Management of Food Establishments is

affected by Surface Water flood in terms of the variables enumerated at the ‘statement of

the problem’.

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1.6 Definition of terms

The following terms are hereby operationally and/or conceptually defined:

Establishments –location where business is conducted

Surface Water Flood- is the volume of rainwater falling that lies on or flows over the
ground that doesn’t drain away through the existing drainage systems or soak into the
ground.

Food Establishment- A Establishment that stores, prepares, packages, serves, vends, or

otherwise provides food for human consumption.

Solid Waste - are any discarded or abandoned materials. Solid wastes can be solid, liquid,
semi-solid or containerized gaseous material.

Solid waste management- the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is
discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.

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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter is the compilation of published information and materials from

literature and studies related to the study.

2.1 Review of related literature

2.1.1 Foreign

Gottschling, M. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae,

Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal. Retrieved from:

https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720

Environment has posed a great threat to human society as well as the

Earth. The misuse of the natural resources has spread that’s why we experience

Environmental issues in the country. Sustainable Development is the future of

mankind in general. That all organisms such as plants should survive. In using the

natural resources in the environment shouldn’t have environmental issues or

threats in the country. The environmental of well-being and all the human beings

advocates the sustainable development. Sustainable Development, focuses on

local environmental and sustainability policy. Flashfloods hazards have been

raised worldwide resulting because of the environmental issues or problems.

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The general characteristics of informal recycling are reviewed,

highlighting both positive and negative aspects. Despite the health and social

problems associated with informal recycling, it provides significant economic

benefits that need to be retained. Experience shows that it can be highly

counterproductive to establish new formal waste recycling systems without taking

into account informal systems that already exist. Formal recycling gives the

opportunity to help the environment to maintain the cleanliness and help this

situation to improve this kind of situation.

This situation helps the environment to integrate the informal sector into

waste management planning, building on their practices and experience, while

working to improve efficiency and the living and working conditions of those

involved. Through proper wastes management can improve and solve this

situation.

M.R.Alavi Moghadam, N.Mokhtarani, B.Mokhtarani. (2008). Municipal solid

waste management in Rasht City, Iran. Retrieved from:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X08000950

Pollution and health risks generated by improper solid waste management

are important issues concerning environmental management in developing

countries. In most cities, the use of open dumps is common for the disposal of

wastes, resulting in soil and water resource contamination by leachate in addition

to odors and fires. Solid waste management infrastructure and services in

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developing countries are far from achieving basic standards in terms of hygiene

and efficient collection and disposal. This paper presents an overview of current

municipal solid waste management in Rasht city, Gilan Province, Iran, and

provides recommendations for system improvement. The collected data of

different MSW functional elements were based on data from questionnaires,

visual observations of the authors, available reports and several interviews and

meetings with responsible persons. Due to an increase in population and changes

in lifestyle, the quantity and quality of MSW in Rasht city has changed. Lack of

resources, infrastructure, suitable planning, leadership, and public awareness are

the main challenges of MSW management of Rasht city. However, the present

situation of solid waste management in this city, which generates more than

400 tons/d, has been improved since the establishment of an organization

responsible only for solid waste management. Source separation of wastes and

construction of a composting plant are the two main activities of the Rasht

Municipality in recent years.

Zaman, M. (2012). Impact of recent flood on the economy of small

business at Rockhampton. Science and Health Medical Journals, vol. 65, 116-

126. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812050859/pdf?

Each household produces about 1 tonne of rubbish annually, amounting

to about 27 million tonnes for the UK each year. The amount is increasing,

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because increasing affluence leads to more being consumed and lifestyles are

changing, so more fast and convenience food is eaten. Also new packaging

materials and technology are being developed. About a quarter of the waste in

the average household bin is packaging waste.

Throwing away things wastes resources. It wastes the raw materials and

energy used in making the items and it wastes money. Disposing of waste has

huge environmental impacts and can cause serious problems. Reducing waste

means less environmental impact, less resources and energy used and saves

money.

Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause

serious problems. In the UK much is buried in landfill sites – holes in the

ground, sometimes old quarries, sometimes specially dug. Some waste will

eventually rot, but not all, and in the process it may smell, or generate methane

gas, which is explosive and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Although there

is a method called incinerating wherein the waste is being burned, it also causes

problems since plastics tend to produce toxic substances, such as dioxins, when

they are burnt. Gases from this may cause air pollution and contribute to acid

rain.

The government is committed to reducing the amount of waste and has

set targets for waste reduction. A new strategy for cutting waste was published in

2007 looking for at least 40 per cent of household waste to be recycled or

composted by 2010, rising to 50 per cent by 2020.

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Recycling reduces the demand for raw materials. This means less needs

mining, quarrying or logging. Many parts of the world have been blighted by

mining and quarrying, which destroy the natural environment and wildlife

habitats and may cause environmental and health problems for local people. Also

transporting raw materials around the world uses fossil fuels and has an

environmental impact. Although some materials for recycling need to be

transported around the UK, the impact of this is significantly less than that of

transporting raw materials from often remote locations in other parts of the

world.

The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating

adverse impacts of waste materials on human health and environment to support

economic development and superior quality of life.

2.1.2 Local

Johannes, P. G., Jaque, J., Ravena, N., & Villamor, S. P. (2012). Integration of the

informal sector into municipal solid waste management in the Philippines.

Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X12002358

The integration of the informal sector into solid waste management is a

challenge many developing countries face. In Iloilo City, Philippines around

220 tons of municipal solid waste are collected every day and disposed at a 10

large dumpsite. In order to improve the local waste management system, the Local

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Government decided to develop a new Waste Management Center with integrated

landfill. However, the proposed area is adjacent to the presently used dumpsite

where more than 300 waste pickers dwell and depend on waste picking as their

source of livelihood. The Local Government recognized the hidden threat

imposed by the waste picker’s presence for this development project and proposed

various measures to integrate the informal sector into the municipal solid waste

management (MSWM) program.

As a key intervention a Waste Workers Association, called USWAG

Calahunan Livelihood Association Inc. (UCLA) was initiated and registered as a

formal business enterprise in May 2009. Up to date, UCLA counts 240 members

who commit to follow certain rules and to work within a team that jointly

recovers wasted materials. As a cooperative they are empowered to explore new

livelihood options such as the recovery of Alternative Fuels for commercial

(cement industry) and household use, production of compost and making of

handicrafts out of used packages. These activities do not only provide alternative

livelihood for them but also lessen the generation of leachate and Greenhouse

Gases (GHG) emissions from waste disposal, whereby the lifetime of the

proposed new sanitary landfill can be extended likewise. As stated in the

municipal SWM plan, around 300 tons of municipal solid wastes are generated

every day. However, in average only 220 tons/day, respectively 73% of the

generated waste is collected by the involved private contractor at present.

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According to the local waste ordinance, wastes have to be segregated at

source into biodegradable and residual wastes. There is no house-to-house

collection system, unless private complaints occur, and an exceptional collection

has to be made. Householders or domestic helpers have to bring the waste to the

local Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) or the collection points of the

community on specific days for each kind of waste. A private service provider is

contracted by the municipal government to collect the waste daily either from the

local MRFs or from the designated collection points and transport the wastes to

the only existing dumpsite of the city, which is located around 5 km from the city

center at Barangay Calahunan. In past, the waste collection was done by night.

Due to low efficiency of the waste collection and to better control the dumpsite

operation.

Philippine Daily Inquirer. (2018). Metro Manila’s flood-prone streets. Retrieved

from: https://motioncars.inquirer.net/55716/metro-manilas-flood-prone-streets

The Philippines are prone to natural disasters. Particularly typhoons,

floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis as it is lying astride the

active volcanic region known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire.” The Philippines is also

suffering major human-caused environmental issues aggravated by a high annual

population growth rate, including loss of agricultural lands, deforestation, soil erosion,

air and water pollution, improper disposal of solid and toxic wastes, loss of coral reefs,

mismanagement and abuse of coastal resources, and overfishing.

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Despite the passage of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the

Republic Act (RA) 9003, the Philippines is still looming with garbage problems. About

1,000 open and controlled dump sites exist in the country. These dumps are prominently

found all over the country in Antipolo and Montalban in Rizal; Baguio City; Calapan,

Mindoro Oriental; Carmen, Cagayan de Oro; Mandurriao, Iloilo City; Obando, Bulacan;

and San Pedro, Laguna. From the National Solid Waste Management Commission 2007

first quarter data, there are 677 open dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills

in the country. An additional 307 dump sites are subject for closure or rehabilitation

plans but without definite schedules for enforcement. About 215 additional landfills are

being proposed to be set up nationwide.

Every minute, at least two persons dies contributed by the inaction on garbage

due to complications from environmental problems, which could be prevented if the

country only developed a more efficient environmental management program. Some of

the serious environmental consequences of waste mismanagement are ground and

surface water contamination, local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread

of disease.

Rappler.com. (2019). LOOK: Over 200 families evacuated in Davao City due to

flooding. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/221787-families-evacuated-

davao-city-flooding-january-2019

A flood occurs in Davao last Thursday, January 24, 2019. It is said that over 200

families were evacuated near the Davao River, and many emergency responders help the

residents to evacuate. Reporters said that the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Office (CDRRMO) said torrential rains brought by a low-pressure area caused Davao

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River to swell, affecting this city's hinterlands and prompting the forced evacuation of

families in affected communities on Wednesday, January 23.

There are several pictures taken when the flood happens, one of the examples is

a rescue worker carries a baby to dry ground. The evacuees were temporarily sheltered

at the Doña Pilar Elementary School and the covered gym of Maa Elementary School.

On Wednesday, city authorities issued a Code Orange warning as floodwaters

rose to waist-deep levels in areas such as Barangay Ma-a. “Floodwaters reached the

Maharlika Highway in Barangay Inabanga and Lasang. Task Force Davao and

Emergency Response Company have been dispatched to assist affected residents," the

CDRRMO said in its report.

In a bid to avoid similar incidents from happening in the future, the CDRRMO

has recommended the relocation of residents dwelling near the rivers, which are

considered as hazard zones. They also recommended the construction of infrastructure

that will mitigate the effects of flooding, as well as the strengthening of early warning

system for residents in hazard zones.

The reason of the flashflood is apart from heavy downpour, the Davao River has

caused it to become shallow and when there are heavy rains, it would tend to overflow.

2.2 Review of related studies

2.2.1 Foreign

Delfin, E. (n.d.). Foreign Study: Awareness on Solid Waste Disposal. Retrieved

from

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https://www.academia.edu/4516680/Foreign_Study_Awareness_on_Solid_Waste

_Disposal

This represents the study of flood on waste management, it shows that the

Solid waste is the useless, unwanted and discarded material resulting from day to

day activities in the community. Solid waste management may be defined as the

discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer,

processing and disposal of solid waste.

This study deals with proposal of options to reduce construction and

demolition waste in the design phase as well as in the realization phase of

constructions.Although,this study gain knowledge in how to manage wastes

through segregation of wastes. There are also analysed the foreign studies focused

on the quantification of construction waste generation in the design and

realization phase because the waste quantification provides a necessary tool for

evaluating the true size of the wastes and hence making the adequate decisions for

their minimization and sustainable management. In recycling,reusing and

segregating waste can help improve waterflood or can help to solve this kind of

situation or problem in the environment.

However, waste management refer to the discipline associated with the

control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and

disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of

public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other

environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes.

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This study will help this problem to improve more so it will not affect

waterflood, because of improper managing wastes or improper recycling and

segregation. Waste management shall refer to the systematic administration of

activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation,

storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other

waste management activities which do not harm the environment.

Bevan, J. (2018). Surface water: The biggest flood risk of all. Retrieved from:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/surface-water-the-biggest-flood-risk-of-all

Surface water flooding is a risk because of its reach. Of all the flood risks

to which our rainy island is subject from coasts, rivers, groundwater, sewers and

surface water it is surface water flooding which threatens more people and

properties than any other form of flood risk. Over 3 million properties in England

are at risk of surface water flooding, even more than those at risk from rivers and

the sea (2.7 million). Surface water flooding is a risk because of its effect. It hits

not just individual homes and businesses, but the whole infrastructure road, rail,

utilities etc of a town or city, disrupting pretty much all aspects of modern life.

Surface water flooding is a risk because people don’t know it is a risk. If

you don’t live near a river or the sea, it’s not wholly unreasonable to think that

you are not at risk of flooding. But reasonableness isn’t the point. Leon Trotsky

once said: “you may not be interested in war, but war is interested in you”. Well,

you may not be interested in surface water flooding, but it is interested in you.

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And people who don’t know they are at risk are less well prepared to cope when

the risk materializes.

Surface water flooding is a risk that tends to fall particularly on

communities that can least afford it. Urban areas are more susceptible, because

they have more concrete. Poor urban areas with high density housing are the most

susceptible of all, because there are a lot of people and a lot of paved drives and

parking spaces which don’t absorb the rainwater, not big surburban lawns which

do.

Surface water flooding is a risk which doesn’t just affect our own country.

The flash flood in Majorca last week, which tragically killed two British nationals,

was a surface water event. The Dutch, who have been so successful in fighting sea

flooding and are rightly regarded as world leaders in the field, are themselves

struggling to manage a serious surface water risk building behind their mighty sea

walls.

Most important of all, surface water flooding is a risk which is growing.

An increasing population means more people are at risk. An increasingly urban

population means more people are in cities, where the effects are starker.

Development means more concrete, which means fewer places for rainwater to

drain safely away. And the more frequent and intense rainfall which climate

change is bringing will make flash flooding and overloading of the sewer network

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more likely and more frequent. That is why the government decided for the first

time in 2016 to include surface water flooding on the national risk register.

Nasr, E & Abdallah, E. (2015). Waste Management by Restaurant Operators in

Petaling Jaya. Faculty of Science University of Malaya. Retrieved from:

http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6512/1/WASTE_MANAGEMENT_BY_RESTAU

RANT_OPERATORS_IN_PETALING_JAYA_.pdf

One of the major waste disposal problems is attributed to the generation of

too much waste. America alone is responsible for the producing of about 220

million tons of waste annually. In 2007 for instance, it’s recorded that Americans

generated nearly 260 million tons of municipal solid waste. This is about 2.1 kg

per person each day. The point is; if these are only figures in America, let’s try to

imagine the amount of waste produced by the rest of the population across the

globe.

According to the World Bank report, the average global municipal solid

waste (MSW) generation per person on daily basis is about 1.2 kg and the figure

is expected to rise up to 1.5 kg by 2025. It therefore means that every state and

local authority suffer the problem of effective waste disposal due to the generation

of too much waste. The problem is that the present era is driven by a throw-away

consumerism with companies and producers striving to maximize profits by

producing one-time use products without prioritizing on reuse, recycling or the

use of environmentally friendly materials.

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The majority of the state and local authority legislations are generally lax

on regulating the ever-expanding manufacturing industries. On a daily basis, these

industries produce toxic products that end up getting thrown away after use. Most

of the products contain hazardous and health-threatening chemicals.

A report by the U.S. EPA indicates that more than 60,000 untested

chemicals are present in the consumer products in our homes. There are even

products known to contain toxic chemicals, such as Biphenyl-A (BPA) – often

present in plastic toys, but they are still poorly regulated. Packaging is also one of

the biggest and rapidly enlarging categories of solid waste which accounts for

30% of MSW and approximately 40% of the waste is plastic which is never

biodegradable. It’s this level of toxicity together with the lax regulatory laws that

exacerbates the problem of dealing with waste disposal.

Most landfills lack proper on-site waste management thereby contributing

to additional threats to the environment. In the long-term, landfills leak and

pollute ground water and other neighboring environmental habitats making waste

management very difficult. They also give off potentially unsafe gases.

Also, the laws and regulation guiding the operations of landfills are often

lax at monitoring and regulating the different types of wastes namely medical

waste, municipal waste, special waste or hazardous waste. With this kind of laxity

of the laws in landfill waste management, the landfills toxicity and hazardous

nature significantly increases to a point where the landfill waste problems often

last for up to 30 years.

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Velis, C. (2005) Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in

developing countries. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397505000482

This study is all about role of informal sector recycling in waste

management in developing countries. The informal recycling sector refers to the

waste recycling activities of scavengers and waste pickers. These conditions are

used to describe those involved in the extraction of recyclable and reusable

materials from mixed waste. These activities characterize the informal sector as

this is labor-intensive, low technology, low-paid, unrecorded and unregulated

work, often completed by individuals or family groups. More complicated

organizations can form, such as micro and small enterprises (MSEs) involving

groups of up to 10 (micro), or 20 (small) people, operating with low capital

investment. They provide primary collection and processing of collected materials

into intermediate or final products, using creativity and innovation to respond cost

effectively to market needs (Ahmed & Ali, 2004).

Informal recycling occurs in developing countries because of the low

levels of economic development. Poor wages and low prices for products and

services create viable profit margins from collecting and selling. Specific socio-

economic conditions prevail in many economically developing countries,

including rapid population growth, migration to urban areas, lack of enough funds

and affordable services and generally a low-skilled labor force. Solid waste

management systems are often poorly run and operate to low standards. They can

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be unreliable, provide inadequate coverage and may conflict with other urban

services. Developing country cities often collect only between 50% and 80% of

waste generated, with open dumping the only disposal method available (Medina

& Dows, 2000).

Insufficient collection, uncontrolled street collection points and improper

disposal in open dumps allow refuse to be readily available for informal waste

recycling through scavenging/waste picking. The attitude of the formal waste

management sector to informal recycling is often very negative, regarding it as

backward, unhygienic and generally incompatible with a modern waste

management system. On the other hand, one of the aims of modern waste

management is to move up the waste hierarchy, reduce the reliance on disposal

and increase recycling: it would seem ironic to move forward by deliberately

eliminating what can be a rather efficient, existing recycling system.

This study provides information regarding the role of informal waste

recycling in achieving more sustainable waste management in developing

countries. It identifies both the benefits the informal recycling sector provides to

the local economy and its characteristics of concern. Public policy changes

required to integrate informal recycling with the formal waste management sector

are discussed.

2.1.2 Local

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Naz, A. C. & Naz, M. N. (2006). Funding Solid Waste Disposal: A Study from the

Philippines. EEPSEA Policy Brief pb2006062, Economy and Environment

Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). Retrieved From:

https://ideas.repec.org/p/eep/pbrief/pb2006062.html

This study represents on how the government of the Philippines's provinces

should organize its solid waste management plans to meet strict new national

targets. It recommends that the local government charge user fees for its waste

collection & disposal services and recommends a level of service that will reflect

people's preferences.

Waste Management can effect this situation such as flood or can damage the

environment. The data were gathered through an interview with household

members using open-ended questions. Interviews were also conducted with

garbage collectors as well and also the one who segregate waste which are the

respondent from Manila. The respondents segregate their wastes into bottles, glass

bottles, and other waste such as leftover food.

Therefore,managing waste help us improve this situation,like

recycling,reusing and segregating waste in every company. It is worth noting,

however, that burning of waste is not done by the respondents. The households

rely on garbage collection by the government.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Robles, R. (2013). Did you know UST has HUGE drainage pipes running

alongside it?. Retrieved from https://news.abs-cbn.com/blogs/opinions/06/24/13/did-

you-know-ust-has-huge-drainage-pipes-running-alongside-it?

fbclid=IwAR3NVFe65ojl7OD-YDjKRB2Lw59v92LUVVb--

cU12j61XqwhtCUHCDNmXAs

There are huge pipes that run under España Street. The pipes are big

enough for people to walk through, standing upright. They were installed in the

1970s and are meant to drain off rainwater from the streets above.

Yet everytime it rains heavily and water cascades downhill from Quezon

City, España immediately floods and the dark, filthy water ends up inside the

huge compound of the University of Santo Tomas, turning its campus into a

waist-deep lagoon.

The pipes are now 70% crammed with filth, Public Work Secretary

Rogelio Singson confirmed to me during one news forum at the Philippine

Information Agency (PIA). He said:

"There are large drainage (pipes) underneath Espana the size is 2.5 meters by 3

meters. And I’m not sure if the cars can go through but people can walk

underneath there. But when we started checking, there are many carrying capacity

had been reduced to 30% because of the heavy siltation. The ordinary equipment

can no longer clean the large pipe. We have to bring in specialty equipment."

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The news stories did not mention what Singson confirmed to me about

those huge pipes running beneath España, that are now almost totally wasted.

Raghavan, V. (2013). Awareness, Attitude and Practice of School Students towards

Household Waste Management. Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269520226_Awareness_Attitude_and_Practice

_of_School_Students_towards_Household_Waste_Management

This article studied the flood prone areas of Metro Manila. When the National

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDDRMC) releases a heavy rainfall

bulletin, it pays to be prepared. But then again, you don’t need to be issued a warning. All

you need to do is look outside of your window. The MMDA has identified more than 20

flood-prone areas within the metropolis. Some, which are below sea level, take 12 hours

for flood waters to subside. Thankfully, a few pumping stations have been activated to

ease the flooding situation. If you pass through these areas in this list, it is best to plan

your route accordingly. Don’t risk getting stranded in the following locations.

The first place on the list is España Blvd. from the Antipolo-Maceda area all the

way to UST Manila. Other places on the said article were Araneta Avenue near Talayan,

Quezon City; Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong City; Osmeña-Skyway Northbound; Edsa-

North Avenue, Quezon City; most parts of Taft Ave. in Manila; Buendia-South

Superhighway Northbound; West Service Road, Merville, Paranaque; Pasong Tamo

Extension, Makati; Aurora Blvd., Araneta Ave., Quezon City; Quiapo, Manila, etc.

According to the MMDA, barangay tanods will be trained to handle traffic in

their areas of responsibility, to divert traffic away from floods, especially in the middle of

the night.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

On the other hand, counter service restaurant like Jollibee, and Chowking take

responsibility in waste management very seriously, in full support and compliance to the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. The Jollibee Group and Chowking is currently

reducing its use of styro packaging by shifting to washable melaware for dine-in services.

It also practiced solid waste segregation through a comprehensive sorting process that

begins at the store and continues to secondary facilities for material recovery and

reprocessing.

From the store, segregation already begins through separate trash bins for

biodegradable or organic waste and non-biodegradable waste. These waste materials are

bagged, collected and transported in sanitary closed vans to the Materials Recovery

Facility, where secondary segregation takes place. Here the waste is further sorted into

styro, paper, plastic cups, spoons, forks and straws, food waste, and residual or non-

recyclable waste. The increasing issue and concern of how much danger waste pose to

both the human and the non-human population has made its management a genuine

concern throughout the world. Despite government efforts, the management of waste

disposal has remained the major environmental problem.

The study looked into the extent of the proper waste management of the counter

service restaurant. Specifically, the research aims to know the profile of the counter

service establishment in terms of waste management then, to know the different waste

management. It also wanted to know the problems encountered in order to eliminate

waste disposal problem and prepare a plan of action.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2.3 Conceptual Framework

Surface Water Waste

Food Establishments Wastes
Flood Management

Waste Waste Waste Waste

Reusage Segregation Recycling Reduction

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Food Establishments produce goods that can be consumed by the consumers it

becomes waste, then they dispose the waste improperly that can cause surface waterflood.

The Food Establishments will provide an alternative in managing their wastes. Therefore,

the Food Establishments will practice proper waste reduction, proper waste recycling,

right waste segregation and waste reusing.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter includes the information about surface waterfloods and how it will

affect the waste management of food establishments in what, why and how they

segregate their wastes in their business. This ends with an interview that relates to the

response of the owners in the business and food establishments.

3.1 Research Method

This study provides an information in a way of looking on the possible effects of

flood. This research approach was chosen because this approach emphasizes the

understanding and interpretation of meaning underlying waste management.

The researchers conduct this study to have a deep learning about the importance

of respondents in order to get an information on how to achieve sustainable growth to the

economy as centralized topic.

Doing depth interviews with the qualitative research methods. The researchers

will conduct a personal interview that is carried out with some respondents in every

business. These methods provide an opportunity to gather data or information about what

the workers believe and to know what their motivations are. The researchers will ask the

right questions that can help the entrepreneur collect data or information about managing

food establishments. The researchers should ask follow-up questions that will help the

collect ideas and information for managing food establishments. This research which is

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

qualitative research method originated a person’s behavior and their responsibilities from

their business.

3.2 Research Design

The method of stratified sampling was used to develop the sample of the research

under the study that we conducted. Stratified sampling under our research study, the

researchers classify the affected area based on the flood. With stratified sampling, the

researchers divide the population into separate groups. One of this group is the area that

is affected by the flood. The stratification was based on the food establishments and the

waste management practices in España in Manila. This was achieved by writing out the

names of the food establishments and after that, the researchers talked to the managers of

each establishments to find out who will be participating in the interview.

The researchers used this kind of sampling technique because these sample

members who were selected had some contributions to the solid waste management

practiced by the small medium enterprises.

3.3 Instruments

Interview forms, the researchers will determine the effects of managing the food

establishments in every business. Observations was used to determine the behavioral

practices of food establishment owners. Paper questionnaires were also used as a method

for this research it is used to collect qualitative data from the participants. Unlike other

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

methods, qualitative surveys have a wider reach wherein many people can provide you

quality data that is highly credible and valuable.

Having an interview with surveys and letter for the respondents and asking the

respondents questions through managing wastes in how, why and what they are

recycling, reusing and segregating wastes in their company. Although we record audio

their response and give them the opportunity to explain what, why and how they manage

their wastes in their business and what are their experiences and feelings to the effects of

floods because of wastes.

3.4 Subject and Locale

This study will be conducted here in the España Boulevard, Manila, Philippines

where most of the food establishments were affected when there is flood. The target

respondents of the researchers are 5. The respondents will be interviewed in their

businesses, the researchers will gain new information and ideas for them to be

knowledgeable about the study and to know the quantity of garbage bag that the firms fill

in a daily basis.

Interview/forms of questionnaires such as how many supplies of plastic cutlery

does your restaurants/ business utilize in a day, how many garbage bags does your

business/ restaurants fill in a day, the researchers observe the food establishment owners

on how they practice waste management.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

3.5 Ethical Considerations

The current study was subject to managing food establishments to certain issues.

The researchers will ensure that the respondents will participate voluntarily, not to force

them, and to avoid any possible harm to every respondent. Researches will surely seek

information with consent providing them with letters that informing them to conduct this

research with the help of them. This will lead them to observe their behaviors and

practices in waste establishments. We will respect the confidentiality of our research

respondents, to be open-minded in all their answers to our questions.

The researchers take good care of their respondents from any discomfort arising

due to their involvement in the research process. In addition to, the researchers follow the

information about the subjects about any risks, benefits and purpose of the study. The

researchers maintain the confidentiality of the responses of the subjects involved in the

study, also the researchers ensure privacy of the participants. Researchers maintain a

trustworthy relationship with the respondents, and responses will not be divulged to

others.

3.6 Data Collection

When collecting qualitative interview data, the main instrument for data

collection is the researcher him or herself. The researcher observes, takes notes, talks to

people, conducts interviews etc. All of these are skills that need to be learned. Just the

fact that we talk to people in our everyday life, listen, ask questions and communicate

does not make us naturally a good interviewer. According to Helfferich (2019), a good

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

interviewer needs the following skills: Technical competence, Interactive competence:

attention and steering, competencies in communication theory and knowing how to deal

with previous knowledge and personal bias.

With interview questions the researchers will talk with the respondents.

Researchers can gather more data by asking additional questions related to the problem of

their study. The conduction of this research was used as an interview guide for the

researchers, but additional questions were provided during the interviews. The

researchers form this study to create awareness in managing food establishments in every

company. The researchers formulate this research to inform workers on how to manage

the waste or products in their business. All the respondents interviewed at the place of

their work.

The questionnaires and the interview were all conducted in English. However,

there are instances where the participants expressed themselves in a language other than

English. It is necessary for the researchers to translate the respondents’ answers so that

the data would be accessible to the people who do not speak and understand the language

Filipino.

During the interview, the researchers find it hard to find food establishments

because the others does not want to provide us information although it will be

confidential. The researchers treated all the respondents with respect.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

3.7 Data Analysis

This study gains information in proper managing of wastes and proper recycling,

reusing and segregating waste in businesses. In using interview surveys in asking their

own experiences, opinions and feelings in how they manage their wastes, why do they

need to segregate, recycle and reuse waste. Although some of the respondents segregate

waste in their business, however this is related to proper waste management, it is also the

study of the effect of surface waterflood in managing wastes. This study presents an

overview in the effects of flood in managing waste, it presents the proper segregating

waste in every business.

Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical

techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. According to

Shamoo and Resnik (2003) various analytic procedures “provide a way of drawing

inductive inferences from data and distinguishing the signal (the phenomenon of interest)

from the noise (statistical fluctuations) present in the data”

While data analysis in qualitative research can include statistical procedures,

many times analysis becomes an ongoing iterative process where data is continuously

collected and analyzed almost simultaneously. Indeed, researchers generally analyze for

patterns in observations through the entire data collection phase (Savenye, Robinson,

2004). The form of the analysis is determined by the specific qualitative approach taken

(field study, ethnography content analysis, oral history, biography, unobtrusive research)

and the form

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Analysis was used to analyze the study/data which was gathered from the

interviews and observations. Moreover, data/content analysis gives the ability to

researchers to structure the collected data. However, this type of data research will see the

results in how every small-medium enterprise business/company manage waste. The

researchers will use direct observation because first strictly observe our subjects so that

we can see their practices. The first part of the pondering on the research outcome

focuses on providing an overview of the background. This is followed by a discussion on

the final process of data analysis used in this study.

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis, Interpretation of Data

Coding

Questions Preliminary coding Final Coding

What do you None unless if it’s a storm No effect
experience every Still open but tables outside are
Partially affected
time flood happens wet
in your area? Eatery gets flooded Really affected
No one Eats because they stay
No One Eats
in their dorm
Still open but less people come
How does flood Less people come in
in
affect your business?
Still open but no one eats No one Eats
No or few people come in our
Few people come in
eatery
It doesn’t go inside so no
How does flood No damaged goods
damaged goods
affect your
No damaged goods because of
products/goods/inve No damaged Goods
our roof
ntory?
Cooking equipment gets rusty
Cooking Equipment gets rusty
sometimes
When you Reduce our wastes Reduce wastes
experienced flood, Nothing because the
Government clean the drainage
what have you come government clean the drainage.
up with for it not to
Throw our waste properly Throw waste properly
affect your business?

What waste Separate left-over foods and

Separate left-over and plastic
management plastics

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EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Sell the plastics that have been

Sell the plastics
used
practices does your
Recycle and sell plastic bottles Recycle and sell
business do?
Separate the recyclable wastes Separate recyclable wastes
We don’t practice waste We don’t practice waste
segregation segregation
Do you plan on
Yes, because barangay is
practicing the waste Barangay is requiring
requiring
managements that
you aren’t currently
Yes, to help lessen the effect of To help lessen the effect of
practicing?
waste waste

No, we throw our waste

Throw waste properly
properly
Do you conduct
No, we are not throwing
researches or find We are not throwing improperly
improperly
new ways and
Yes, we now use biodegradable
developments about We use biodegradable plastics
plastics
waste management
Yes, we use silverwares and We use silverwares and
practices? Why?
washable plates washable plates
No, we throw our waste
Throw waste properly
properly
If Yes, why do you Yes, because plastics are the Yes, Plastics are the main
want to know about main reason why drainages are reason why drainages are
new ways and clogged. clogged
developments about
waste management
practices? Is flood
the reason? If not,
what do you think is

Page | 37
EFFECT OF SURFACE WATER FLOOD TO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

the reason?

If no, then does this

mean that that you
are okay to be
flooded every time it
will rain heavily?
No, we let the Government do Let the Government do the
Will you let the
the innovations innovations
government alone
solve the problem of
flood in your area?
Why?

If the problem Yes, throw waste properly Throw waste properly

regarding flood
comes back after
the government
conducted a
cleaning operation
No, the government would Government would clean the
on your drainage,
clean the drainage drainage
will you make a
step or research to
develop your waste
management?
Why?

Table 1. Coding of the raw data

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EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Categorizing
Partially affected,

Really affected,

No one eats, Service Disruption

Less people come in,

Few people come in,

Cooking equipment gets rusty

No Effect, Unaffected

No Damaged Goods

Reduce waste,
Throw waste properly,
Separate left-over and plastic,
Recycle and sell,
Separate recyclable wastes,
Biodegradable plastics,
Green Politics
We use silverwares and washable plates,
We are not throwing improperly,
To help lessen the effect of waste,
Sell the plastics,
Yes, plastics are the main reason why

drainages are clogged.

Government clean the drainage,

Barangay is requiring, Abiding

Let the government do the innovations

Table 2. Coding of the raw data

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Service Disruption is the interruption from the normal routine so them being

affected means that there has been an interruption in their normal routine. Green Politics

political ideology that aims to foster an ecologically sustainable society rooted in

environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice. Abiding means that they just follow the

conditions set by the government.

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Conceptualization

No Effect, Neutral

No Damaged Goods

Service Disruption,

Abiding, Environmentalism

Green Politics

Table 3. Conceptualization

Environmentalism is broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding

concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment.

They show the characteristics for ideology meaning that because of the floods that

occurred their mindset have been changed to caring for the environment and protecting it

through waste management.

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations

This part of the paper summarizes the results gathered from the interview of the

respondents from España Boulevard. The researchers also concluded and made

recommendations.

5.1 Summary

In this study, the researchers have found out how surface water flood affect the

food establishments interviewed from España Boulevard regarding their waste

management. Less people eat in their businesses because of flooding in their area

compared to when it’s not, no one even eats sometimes to the point that they have to

close their business first. The food establishment owners stated that when they started

experiencing flood, they tried to reduce or minimize their wastes, but some people did

nothing because their barangay officers clean the drainage. This study showed that most

owners practiced waste segregation, waste reduction and recycling. As for the waste

management that they are not practicing, the owners responded that they are willing to do

it for the sake of solving the problem regarding surface water flood in their area. They

also find new ways to help the environment by researching and are now using

biodegradable plastics instead of the regular ones. Furthermore, instead of using paper

plates and plastic spoons/forks, they choose to use washable plates and metal

spoon/forks. The reason for their efforts in waste management practices is the current

state of the environment. Lastly, they are also concerned about the negative effects of

flood to the health and safety of the community.

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5.2 Conclusion

This paper studied how the food establishment’s owners react to surface water

flood regarding their waste management. The summary of the results and the data

analysis showed that food establishment owners are willing to change their waste

management practices given the situation of surface water flood in their area. Based on

their answers, the researchers concluded that the respondents find new ways and

innovations for waste management in order to lessen the negative effects of the surface

water floods. Furthermore, this study also discovered that the respondents are willing to

have waste management practices, improve, researches, and have innovations because of

the current state of the environment and their concern regarding the effect of wastes to

the health of the community.

5.3 Recommendation

In this study, the researchers focused on studying the effect of surface water flood

to the waste management practices of food establishment owners from España Boulevard

only. With this, it is recommended for the future researchers to get respondents from

other places in the Philippines wherein flash flood frequently happens. Also, the

researchers focused on food establishments only specifically, eateries, however, it is

recommended to consider other businesses like convenience stores, hardware shops,

cafes, fast food chains, etc.

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

For the Food Establishments and ABM students that would build their businesses

in the future, the researchers recommend practicing proper waste managements to help

the community and to reduce the surface water flood in their area. This includes waste

segregation, recycling, reusing and waste reduction. Under waste reduction the food

establishments could use metal spoons/forks and washable plates instead of using paper

plates and plastic spoon/forks. The Food Establishments should find other alternatives on

how they will manage their waste so that they will help our environment to prevent

additional problems other than surface water flood like the usage of biodegradable

plastics.
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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https://www.gov.uk/government/news/surface-water-the-biggest-flood-risk-of-all

Coner, C. S. (2018). Waste Management Program. Missouri Department of Natural

Resources. Retrieved from: https://dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/

Delfin, E. (n.d.). Foreign Study: Awareness on Solid Waste Disposal. Retrieved

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_Waste_Disposal

Gottschling, M. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae,

Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal. Retrieved from:

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Johannes, P. G., Jaque, J., Ravena, N., & Villamor, S. P. (2012). Integration of the

informal sector into municipal solid waste management in the Philippines.

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Mahat, H., Nayan, N., & Yazid, S. (2017). Flood Aftermath Impact on Business: A Case

Study of Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia. Retrieved From:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325125236_Flood_Aftermath_Impact_

on_Business_A_Case_Study_of_Kuala_Krai_Kelantan_Malaysia
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M.R.Alavi Moghadam, N.Mokhtarani, B.Mokhtarani. (2008). Municipal solid waste

management in Rasht City, Iran. Retrieved from:

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Navasca, H. (2017). Project Highlights: Metro Manila Flood Management. Retrieved

from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/brief/project-highlights-

metro-manila-flood-management

Naz, A. C. & Naz, M. N. (2006). Funding Solid Waste Disposal: A Study from the

Philippines. EEPSEA Policy Brief pb2006062, Economy and Environment

Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). Retrieved From:

https://ideas.repec.org/p/eep/pbrief/pb2006062.html

Nasr, E & Abdallah, E. (2015). Waste Management by Restaurant Operators in

Petaling Jaya. Faculty of Science University of Malaya. Retrieved from:

http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6512/1/WASTE_MANAGEMENT_BY_R

ESTAURANT_OPERATORS_IN_PETALING_JAYA_.pdf

Philippine Daily Inquirer. (2018). Metro Manila’s flood-prone streets. Retrieved

from: https://motioncars.inquirer.net/55716/metro-manilas-flood-prone-

streets

Raghavan, V. (2013). Awareness, Attitude and Practice of School Students towards

Household Waste Management. Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269520226_Awareness_Attitude_and_

Practice_of_School_Students_towards_Household_Waste_Management
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Robles, R. (2013). Did you know UST has HUGE drainage pipes running

alongside it?. Retrieved from

https://news.abs-cbn.com/blogs/opinions/06/24/13/did-you-know-ust-has-huge-

drainage-pipes-running-alongside-it?fbclid=IwAR3NVFe65ojl7OD-

YDjKRB2Lw59v92LUVVb--cU12j61XqwhtCUHCDNmXAs

Velis, C. (2005) Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in

developing countries. Retrieved from

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Zaman, M. (2012). Impact of recent flood on the economy of small business at

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pdf?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Appendices

APPENDIX A: Questionnaire

Respondent No.

Restaurant Name:

Type of Service:

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

How does flood affect your business?

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

* What kind of damaged goods?

* What do you do with the goods that the flood has damaged?

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your business?

What waste management practices does your business do?

- Waste Reduction/Minimization

- Reuse

- Waste Recycling

- Waste Segregation

* Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices? Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste management

practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain heavily?

Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area? Why?

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

APPENDIX B: Letter to the Respondents

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

APPENDIX C: Interview Manuscript

Respondent No. 1

Restaurant Name: Bambi’s Restaurant

Type of Service: Eatery, rice meals

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

- It floods outside but it doesn’t enter our store establishment unless if it’s a storm

like Ondoy.

How does flood affect your business?

- There’s no one eating because they stay in their dorms instead.

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

- It doesn’t really go inside the eatery, so it doesn’t damage our goods.

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your

business?

- To reduce our wastes.

What waste management practices does your business do?

- We segregate them, separate left-over foods and plastics; We store plastics and

use it again; We sell plastic bottles after collecting them in a sack.

Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?

Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

- Yes, so that we could help in lessening the wastes that are produced that causes

negative effects of surface water floods.

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices? Why?

- No because we really don’t have time to think about it since we’re busy every

day.

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste

management practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain

heavily? Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area?

Why?

- No but we couldn’t really do anything since even though we throw our wastes

properly, other people are still irresponsible, so we just let the government do the

innovations.

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?

- Yes, we would still do our responsibilities of throwing wastes properly, because

as people would say “the wastes that you throw, comes back to you in the future”.
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Respondent No. 2

Restaurant Name: Jerome’s Eatery

Type of Service: Eatery, rice meal

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

- It floods outside but it doesn’t enter our store establishment unless if it’s a storm

like Ondoy

How does flood affect your business?

- We still open our eatery, but less people eat

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

- It doesn’t come inside our establishment, so it doesn’t damage our goods.

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your

business?

- Noting, because the government are the one who is cleaning the drainage in our

area.

What waste management practices does your business do?

- We don’t segregate wastes, we don’t reuse, but we sell the plastic bottles that we

have used.

* Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?

Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

- Yes, because our barangay now is requiring to separate the biodegradable and

non-biodegradable wastes.

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices?

- No because we are not the one throwing our wastes improperly.

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste

management practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain

heavily? Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area?

Why?

- No, we let the government do the work because we would just throw our wastes

properly.

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?

- No because the government would still clean the drainage or fix it.
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Respondent No. 3

Restaurant Name: Toto’ Lugawan

Type of Service: Lugaw

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

- We would still open our store but the tables that are placed outside gets wet

How does flood affect your business?

- We would still open our business incase people would still want to order food

although less customers come. But when the rain becomes heavy and thunder or lightning

occurs, we immediately close.

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

- The foods are not affected since we have a roof or tent above our place although

the tables and chairs get wet so we have additional works to do to clean it.

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your

business?

- Nothing, we just continue throwing our wastes properly

What waste management practices does your business do?

- We segregate wastes and sell plastic bottles.

* Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?

Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

- Yes, since we have experienced surface water floods and trashes and wastes are

floating, we want to help the environment.

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices?

- Yes, we now use biodegradable plastics which decomposes in a shorter time than

the normal ones.

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste

management practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

- Yes, because plastics are the reason why drainages are being clogged which

causes flood

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain

heavily? Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area?

Why?

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?

-
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Respondent No. 4

Restaurant Name: Halal’s Eatery

Type of Service: Eatery, rice meals

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

- It floods outside but it doesn’t enter our store establishment unless if it’s a storm

like Ondoy.

How does flood affect your business?

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

- It doesn’t really go inside the eatery, so it doesn’t damage our goods.

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your

business?

- Nothing since the government are the one who cleans the drainage in our area but

we throw are wastes properly.

What waste management practices does your business do?

- We separate the recyclable wastes, but we don’t segregate the biodegradable and

non-biodegradable wastes

* Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?

- Yes, to help lessen the negative effects of wastes and trash and we know that

wastes are contributors as to why surface water floods happen.

EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices? Why?

- Yes, we are now using biodegradable plastics.

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste

management practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

- Because wastes causes floods and it takes a long time for it to decompose

completely; In able to help the Earth since the news said that climate change is getting

worse.

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain

heavily? Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area?

Why?

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Respondent No. 5

Restaurant Name: Ed & Grace’s Eatery

Type of Service: Eatery, rice meals

What do you experience every time flood happens in your area?

- Flood is very bad in our area wherein it always goes inside our eatery up to knee

length

How does flood affect your business?

- We have the disadvantage when raining every lunch time because that is when

people eats but instead no or few people only eats in our eatery. Also we doesn’t open our

eatery when flood occurs since we just focus on saving our things

How does flood affect your products/goods/inventory?

- The pots, pans or other equipment used in cooking gets dirty sometimes they get

rust.

When you experienced flood, what have you come up with for it not to affect your

business?

- Nothings, we just continue doing the right thing by throwing our wastes

What waste management practices does your business do?

- We don’t practice waste segregation; we merge the plastic bottles and let the

garbage collectors get it usually so they could sell it the recycling centers.

* Do you plan on practicing the waste managements that you aren’t currently practicing?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

- Yes, because we are aware that improper waste management causes more damage

other than just floods.

Do you conduct researches or find new ways and developments about waste management

practices? Why?

- Yes, instead of using plastic spoons/forks and paper plates, we use silverware and

washable plates although it requires more effort and time.

- Yes, instead of using normal plastics, we use biodegradable plastics which takes

lesser time to decompose.

* If Yes, why do you want to know about new ways and developments about waste

management practices? Is flood the reason? If not, what do you think is the reason?

- Since the Earth is now dying and many problems regarding the

environment/climate change arises, we want to help in order to not destroy our planet

more.

* If no, then does this mean that that you are okay to be flooded every time it will rain

heavily? Will you let the government alone solve the problem of flood in your area?

Why?

* If the problem regarding flood comes back after the government conducted a cleaning

operation on your drainage, will you make a step or research to develop your waste

management? Why?
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SAMSON, Patrisha Marie Jugno

651 D. Jorge St. Barangay 130, Pasay City

+63 917 309 2572

[email protected]

Personal Information:

Birthday: October 12, 2003

Birthplace: Makati

Civil Status: Single

Mother’s Name: Editha J. Samson

Father’s Name: Ronald S. Samson

Religion: Roman Catholic

Educational Background:

Secondary:

Pasay City National Science High School

2888 Vergel St., Pasay City, Metro Manila

2015-2019

Primary:

Juan Sumulong Elementary School

2518 M. Dela Cruz St., Manila, Metro Manila

2008-2015
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SOTELO, Matthew James Jul

11-I 9th. Avenue HHSG Village Taguig City

+63 955 910 0372

[email protected]

Personal Information:

Birthday: June 22, 2003

Birthplace: Bonifacio Naval Station

Civil Status: Single

Mother’s Name: Milda J. Sotelo

Father’s Name: Jaime I. Sotelo

Religion: Islam

Educational Background:

Secondary:

Spark Academy of Global City Inc.

4th Street GHQ, Signal Village, Taguig City

2015-2019

Primary:

SBP Child Learning Advancement School Inc.

74 3rd Street Brgy Katuparan, GHQ Village Zone1-C, Taguig

2008-2015
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LEDESMA, Kathleen Ann Mancera

Bldg 5-033 Bagong Lipunan Condominium,

Western Bicutan, Taguig City

+63 956 087 3470

[email protected]

Personal Information:

Birthday: December 18, 2002

Birthplace: Cavite

Civil Status: Single

Mother’s Name: Eloisa M. Ledesma

Father’s Name: Emmanuel B. Ledesma

Religion: Roman Catholic

Educational Background:

Secondary:

Integrated Montessori Center

20 Bayani Road Afpovai PH5 Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City

2015-2019

Primary:

Integrated Montessori Center

20 Bayani Road Afpovai PH5 Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City

2008-2015
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

MADUCDOC, Jeniel Aika Izon

4608 Arguelles St., Brangay. Pio Del Pilar, Makati City

+63 927 051 9093

[email protected]

Personal Information:

Birthday: March 27, 2003

Birthplace: Manila

Civil Status: Single

Mother’s Name: Josephine Maducdoc

Father’s Name: Genesis Maducdoc

Religion: Protestant

Educational Background:

Secondary:

St. Mary’s Academy

525 P, Burgos St., 59 Zone 7, Pasay City, Metro Manila

2015-2019

Primary:

St. Mary’s Academy

525 P, Burgos St., 59 Zone 7, Pasay City, Metro Manila

2008-2015
EFFECT OF FLOOD TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CANICULA, Jhulliana Baliling

Blk10 Lot10 Kalayaan Village Pasay City

+63 907 033 0138

[email protected]

Personal Information:

Birthday: May 27, 2003

Birthplace: Quezon City

Civil Status: Single

Mother’s Name: Julian M. Canicula Jr.

Father’s Name: Lorna B. Canicula

Religion: Roman Catholic

Educational Background:

Secondary:

Sta. Clara Parish School

2360 Burgos St, Pasay, Metro Manila

2015-2019

Primary:

Sacred Heart School Kalayaan Elementary School

Multinational Village Parañaque Kalayaan Village, Bagbag,

City Pasay

2013-2015 2009-2012