Simultaneous Linear Differential Equations:

The system involving two first order linear differential equations in two dependent
variables 𝑦< and 𝑦= and one independent variable 𝑥 is called system of simultaneous
linear differential equations.
Write the operator form of following system of LDE:
?@A ?@E ?@E
Problem1. 6 +5 + 3𝑦< + 𝑦= = 0, − 5𝑦< + 3𝑦= = 𝑒 B
?B ?B ?B

Solution. The given system of simultaneous equations is:

?@A ?@E
6 +5 + 3𝑦< + 𝑦= = 0 (1)
?B ?B

?@E
?B
− 5𝑦< + 3𝑦= = 𝑒 B (2)
?
Let 𝐷 ≡ ?B, then operator form of given system can be written as:

6𝐷 + 3 𝑦< + 5𝐷 + 1 𝑦= = 0 (3) ×5
−5𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑒 B (4) × 6𝐷 + 3
Solving these equations:
 5 6𝐷 + 3 𝑦< − 5 5𝐷 + 1 𝑦= = 0

−5 6𝐷 + 3 𝑦< + 6𝐷 + 3 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 6𝐷 + 3 𝑒 B

On adding these equations, we get:

[ 6𝐷 + 3 𝐷 + 3 − 5 5𝐷 + 1 ]𝑦= = 6𝐷 + 3 𝑒 B

⟹ 6𝐷 = − 4𝐷 + 4 𝑦= = 6𝑒 B + 3𝑒 B = 9𝑒 B (5)

To find Complimentary Function (C.F.):

<± ST
6𝐷 = − 4𝐷 + 4 = 0 ⟹𝐷= U

X
S S
⇒ 𝑦W = 𝑒 Y 𝑐< cos U
𝑥 + 𝑐= sin U
𝑥
To find Particular Integral (P.I.):
< <
𝑦[ = \ ]
𝑟 𝑥 = _]E `a]ba
9𝑒 B
<
⇒ 𝑦[ = 9 𝑒B
_]E `a]ba
<
⇒ 𝑦[ = 9
_ < E `a(<)ba
𝑒B 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝐷 = 1
< =B U =B
⇒ 𝑦[ = 9 _
𝑒 ⇒ 𝑦[ = =
𝑒
∴ General solution is given by:𝑦= = C.F. +P.I.
i.e. 𝑦= = 𝑦W + 𝑦[
X
S S U
⇒ 𝑦= = 𝑒 Y 𝑐< cos U
𝑥 + 𝑐= sin U
𝑥 + = 𝑒 =B
Again from equations (3) and (4):
6𝐷 + 3 𝑦< + 5𝐷 + 1 𝑦= = 0 (3) ×(𝐷 + 3)
−5𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑒 B (4) × 5𝐷 + 1
Solving these equations:

6𝐷 + 3 𝐷 + 3 𝑦< + 5D + 1 D + 3 𝑦= = 0

−5 5𝐷 + 1 𝑦< + 5D + 1 D + 3 𝑦= = (5𝐷 + 1)𝑒 B

Subtracting these equations, we get:

6𝐷 + 3 𝐷 + 3 + 5 5𝐷 + 1 𝑦< = (5𝐷 + 1)𝑒 B

⇒ 6𝐷 = + 46𝐷 + 14 𝑦< = 6 𝑒 B

Try it yourself.
 Polling Question:
?@A `B ?@A ?@E
The operator form of 3 ?B + 2𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 , ?B + ?B − 2𝑦< + 3𝑦= = 𝑥 is:

(A) 3𝐷 + 2 𝑦< + 𝑦= = 0, (𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 0

(B) 3𝐷 + 2 𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B , (𝐷 − 2)𝑦= + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦< = 𝑥
(C) 3𝐷 + 2 𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B , (𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑥
 ?@A ?@A ?@E
Problem2. 3 ?B
+ 2𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B , ?B
+ ?B
− 2𝑦< + 3𝑦= = 𝑥

Solution. The given system of simultaneous equations is:

?@A
3 ?B + 2𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B (1)
?@A ?@E
?B
+ ?B
− 2𝑦< + 3𝑦= = 𝑥 (2)

?
Let 𝐷 ≡ , then operator form of given system can be written as:
?B

3𝐷 + 2 𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B (3)×(𝐷 + 3)
(𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑥 (4)×1
Solving these equations:
 3𝐷 + 2 𝐷 + 3 𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝐷 + 3 𝑒 `B

(𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑥

Subtracting these equations, we get:

3𝐷 + 2 𝐷 + 3 − (𝐷 − 2) 𝑦< = 𝐷 + 3 𝑒 `B − 𝑥

⇒ 3𝐷 = + 10𝐷 + 8 𝑦< = 2𝑒 `B − 𝑥 (5)

To find Complimentary Function (C.F.):

a
3𝐷 = + 10𝐷 + 8 = 0 ⟹𝐷= −2, − U

l
`YB
⇒ 𝑦W = 𝑐< 𝑒 `=B + 𝑐=𝑒
To find Particular Integral (P.I.):
< <
𝑦[ = \ ]
𝑟 𝑥 = U]Eb<m]bn
2𝑒 `B −𝑥
< `B <
⇒ 𝑦[ = 2 U]Eb<m]bn
𝑒 − U]Eb<m]bn
𝑥

< <
⇒ 𝑦[ = 2
U `< E b<m(`<)bn
𝑒 `B − 𝑥
AopqYpE
n <b r

`<
< `B < <m]bU]E
⇒ 𝑦[ = 2 <
𝑒 −n 1+ n
𝑥

`B < <m
⇒ 𝑦[ = 2𝑒 − n
𝑥− n
∴ General solution is given by:𝑦< = C.F. +P.I.
i.e. 𝑦< = 𝑦W + 𝑦[
l
`YB < <m
⇒ 𝑦< = 𝑐< 𝑒 `=B + 𝑐=𝑒 + 2𝑒 `B + n 𝑥 − n

Again from equations (3) and (4):

3𝐷 + 2 𝑦< + 𝑦= = 𝑒 `B (3)×(𝐷 − 2)
(𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 𝑥 (4)×(3𝐷 + 2)
Solving these equations:
3𝐷 + 2 (𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + (𝐷 − 2)𝑦= = (𝐷 − 2)𝑒 `B
3𝐷 + 2 (𝐷 − 2)𝑦< + 3𝐷 + 2 𝐷 + 3 𝑦= = 3𝐷 + 2 𝑥
Subtracting these equations, we get:
 3𝐷 + 2 𝐷 + 3 − (𝐷 − 2) 𝑦= = 3𝐷 + 2 𝑥 − (𝐷 − 2)𝑒 `B

⇒ 3𝐷 = + 10𝐷 + 8 𝑦= = 3 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑒 `B (6)

To find Complimentary Function (C.F.):

a
3𝐷 = + 10𝐷 + 8 = 0 ⟹ 𝐷 = −2, − U

l
`YB
⇒ 𝑦W = 𝑐U 𝑒 `=B + 𝑐a𝑒
To find Particular Integral (P.I.):
< <
𝑦[ = \ ]
𝑟 𝑥 = U]Eb<m]bn
3𝑒 `B +(2𝑥 + 3)
< `B <
⇒ 𝑦[ = 3 U]Eb<m]bn
𝑒 + U]Eb<m]bn
(2𝑥 + 3)

< <
⇒ 𝑦[ = 3
U `< E b<m(`<)bn
𝑒 `B + (2𝑥 + 3)
AopqYpE
n <b r

`<
< `B < <m]bU]E
⇒ 𝑦[ = 3 <
𝑒 +n 1+ n
(2𝑥 + 3)

`B < <m
⇒ 𝑦[ = 3𝑒 + n
(2𝑥 + 3) − a
∴ General solution is given by:𝑦= = C.F. +P.I.
i.e. 𝑦= = 𝑦W + 𝑦[
l
`YB < <m
⇒ 𝑦= = 𝑐U 𝑒 `=B + 𝑐a𝑒 + 2𝑒 `B + n (2𝑥 + 3) − a