Q1.

Two groups of pupils investigated the factors affecting the time taken for an indigestion
tablet to dissolve in 100 cm3 of water.

Group 1 recorded their results in the table below.

results of group 1

time taken to dissolve

tablet
(s)

whole tablet 34

broken tablet 28

finely crushed tablet 22

(a) What factor did group 1 change as they carried out their investigation?

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Before the investigation, group 1 made a prediction.

They found this prediction was supported by the results in the table.

What prediction did group 1 make?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Group 2 investigated how the temperature of the water affects the time taken for
a whole tablet to dissolve.

Here are their results.

results of group 2

Page 1 of 30
 temperature of water (ºC) time taken to dissolve (s)

65 24

40 35

15 90

5 100

What factor did group 2 change as they carried out their investigation?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) What pattern do the results recorded by group 2 show?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e) Look at the results presented by group 1 and group 2.

Both groups used the same type of tablet.

Estimate the temperature of water used by group 1.

............°C
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q2.
The table below shows the pH in different parts of the digestive system.

part of
pH
digestive system

mouth 6.5 – 7.5

stomach 1.0 – 2.5

small intestine 7.0 – 8.0

(a) Amylase is an enzyme which speeds up the digestion of starch.

Amylase is produced by the salivary glands.

Why does amylase stop working in the acidic conditions in the stomach?

……….………………………………………………………………………………

Page 2 of 30
 ……….………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark

(b) As food passes from the stomach into the small intestine, a different digestive
juice is mixed with the food.

(i) Use the information in the table to suggest what type of substance this
digestive juice is.

…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark

(ii) What type of chemical reaction takes place as this digestive juice mixes
with the acid from the stomach?

…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark

(c) After food containing starch is digested, a person’s blood sugar level rises.
The body responds by producing a chemical called insulin. Insulin lowers the
blood sugar level again.

The graph below shows how a person’s blood sugar level changes after eating
two different samples of food.

(i) Use the graph to help you to explain why less insulin would be produced one
hour after eating pasta than one hour after eating white bread.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark

(ii) Suggest the normal blood sugar level in this case.

Page 3 of 30
 …………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

Q3.
Most water contains dissolved compounds.

The concentrations of these dissolved compounds are higher in sea water than in drinking
water.

(a) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

distillation.

Pure water can be obtained from sea water by filtration.

neutralisation.
(1)

(ii) What is the boiling point of pure water? ................................... °C

(1)

(b) A student wanted to find out how much solid was dissolved in sea water.

This is the method the student used:

• measure the mass of an empty evaporating basin

• measure 25 cm3 of sea water and pour it into the evaporating basin
• heat the evaporating basin gently until all of the water has evaporated
• measure the mass of the evaporating basin containing the solid residue.

(i) What piece of apparatus would be suitable for measuring 25 cm3 of sea
water?

...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) How could the student check that all of the water had evaporated?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) The results the student obtained using 25 cm3 of sea water are:

mass of empty evaporating basin = 23.21 g

mass of evaporating basin and dry solid residue = 24.04 g

Calculate the mass of solid dissolved in 1000 cm3 of the sea water.

Page 4 of 30
 ...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Mass dissolved in 1000 cm3 = ............................ g

(2)

(c) In many countries chlorine is added to drinking water supplies.

Why is chlorine added to drinking water?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Compounds containing fluoride ions are added to some drinking water supplies.

Many scientists have done research into the effects of fluoride ions in drinking water.

Graphs 1, 2 and 3 show some of the results obtained.

Page 5 of 30
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of adding fluoride ions to drinking
water.

You should support your answer with evidence from all three graphs.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

Page 6 of 30
 .........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 14 marks)

Q4.
The table contains information about five metals, A, B, C, D and E.

Metal how it reacts how it reacts

with cold water with hot water

A no reaction extremely slowly

B no reaction no reaction

C hardly at all slowly

D slowly quickly

E quickly very violently

(a) Use the information in the table to arrange the metals in order of reactivity.

most reactive .............................

.............................

.............................

least reactive ............................

1 mark

(b) (i) Which metal in the table could be copper?

..............................................
1 mark

(ii) Which metal in the table could be sodium?

..............................................
1 mark

Page 7 of 30
 (iii) Which metal in the table could be iron?

..............................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Q5.
The list below shows properties that different elements can have.

• magnetic

• can be compressed

• very high melting point

• very low melting point

• good conductor of heat

• poor conductor of heat

• good conductor of electricity

• poor conductor of electricity

(a) Which two properties from the list above make aluminium suitable for saucepans?

1. .................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b) Which property in the list above explains why:

(i) copper is used in the cable of a television?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) a lot of oxygen gas can be pumped into a very small container?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Q6.
Keith has a wind-up radio.
It does not use batteries. It is powered by a steel spring.

Page 8 of 30
(a) Keith winds up the spring.
As the spring unwinds, potential energy in the spring is transferred to a
generator, which then turns.

The generator provides electrical energy for the radio.

Fill the gaps in the sentences below to show the useful energy changes which
take place in the generator and the speaker.

(i) As the generator turns, ............................................................. energy is

changed to electrical energy.

1 mark

(ii) In the speaker, electrical energy is changed to

............................................................. energy.
1 mark

(b) When Keith turns the volume up so that the radio is louder, the spring
unwinds more quickly.

Why does the spring unwind more quickly?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The radio has a solar cell which can also provide electrical energy.

Keith winds up his radio and takes it outside without changing the volume.
The steel spring unwinds more slowly when sunlight falls on the solar cell.
Explain why.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) The wind-up radio was designed for use in poorer countries.

Suggest why wind-up radios are useful in poorer countries.

.........................................................................................................................

Page 9 of 30
 .........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q7.
The photograph shows some pupils in a log car on a theme-park ride.

The drawing below shows the ride.

The letters A, B, C, D, E and F show different points along the track.

The car starts from A and travels to F, where it stops by hitting a bumper.
At E the car enters a trench filled with water.

(a) (i) At which two points does the car have no kinetic energy?
Give the two correct letters.

............... and ...............

1 mark

(ii) At which point does the car have the most gravitational potential energy?
Give the correct letter.

...............
1 mark

(iii) At which point does the car have some kinetic energy and the least
gravitational potential energy?

Page 10 of 30
 Give the correct letter.

...............
1 mark

(b) (i) The cars are not powered by a motor.

What force causes the cars to move along the track from B to C?

...........................................................
1 mark

(ii) When a car splashes through the water at E, it slows down.

What force acts on the car to slow it down?

...........................................................
1 mark

(c) Complete the sentence below by choosing from the following words.

When the car hits the bumper at F, its ................................... energy

is transferred into .............................. energy and

.............................. energy.
3 marks
maximum 8 marks

Q8.
The diagram below shows an organism called Euglena.
It is made of only one cell. It lives in ponds and streams.
Euglena have features of both plants and animals.

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 (a) Look at the diagram of Euglena.

Give two pieces of evidence which suggest it is an animal cell and not a plant cell.

1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Plant cells can carry out photosynthesis.

How can you tell from the diagram that Euglena can carry out photosynthesis?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide + ................................... → glucose + ...................................

2 marks
maximum 5 marks

Q9.
Susie used chromatography to identify the coloured substances in the ink from a
felt-tip pen.

She used:

• green ink

• blue ink

• purple ink

• ink from her felt-tip pen.

She used water as the solvent.

Page 12 of 30
Look at the diagram above.

(a) (i) Which colours were present in the ink from the felt-tip pen?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How many coloured substances were there in green ink?

...........

How can you tell?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Susie placed the spots of ink on a line on the chromatography paper as
shown in the diagram.
To draw the line, Susie had to choose a felt-tip pen or a pencil.

Which one should she use?

.............................................................

Give the reason for your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Page 13 of 30
 1 mark

(b) Susie used water as the solvent in this experiment.

When she repeated the experiment with a different set of pens, it did
not work.
She then used ethanol instead of water.

Suggest why the experiment worked with ethanol but not with water.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

Q10.
(a) Draw a line from each electrical circuit to the correct circuit diagram.
Draw only four lines.

electrical circuit circuit diagram

Page 14 of 30
 2 marks

(b) In each circuit below, bulb 1 breaks and goes off.

Under each circuit diagram below, tick the correct boxes to show if bulb 2 and
bulb 3 are on or off.

Page 15 of 30
 circuit A circuit B

2 marks

(c) Give the name of the part that provides energy for each circuit.

........................................................
1 mark

(d) Why is copper used for wires in a circuit?

Tick the correct box.

1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q11.
Table 1 gives information about 100 g of five different foods.

energy per
nutrients per 100 g of each food
food 100 g
of food protein fat carbohydrate calcium
(kJ) (g) (g) (g) (mg)
banana 403 1.2 0.3 23.2 6
wholemeal 914 9.2 2.5 41.6 54

Page 16 of 30
 bread
butter 3031 0.5 81.7 0 15

cheese 1708 22.5 34.4 0.1 720

milk 275 3.2 3.9 4.8 115

table 1

(a) Look at table 1.

(i) Which of the four nutrients, protein, fat, carbohydrate or calcium, provides
most of the energy in the cheese?

................................................................................................................

(ii) Which of the four nutrients provides most of the energy in the wholemeal
bread?

................................................................................................................

(iii) Which of the four nutrients is needed for growth and repair?

................................................................................................................
3 marks

(b) The recommended daily amount of protein for a woman is 45 g.

Look at table 1.
How many grams of cheese would provide 45 g of protein?
Tick the correct box.

50 g 100 g 150 g 200 g

1 mark

(c) Not all the types of nutrients needed for a balanced diet are shown in table 1.

Give the name of one of the missing types of nutrient.

.............................................................
1 mark

(d) Table 2 shows the recommended daily amount of calcium for a person in four
stages of the human life cycle.
We need calcium for healthy teeth and bones.

recommended daily amount

person
of calcium (mg)
a baby aged 6 months 600
a woman before she is
500
pregnant
a pregnant woman 1200

a breast-feeding woman

Page 17 of 30
 table 2

(i) Use information in table 2 to estimate how much calcium a breast-feeding

woman should have each day.

............. mg

(ii) Explain why she would need this amount of calcium.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 7 marks

Q12.
Diagram A represents a gas in a container.
The gas can be compressed by moving the piston to the right.

(a) (i) How can you tell that the substance in the container is a gas?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How can you tell from the diagram that the gas is pure?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The piston is moved to the right as shown in diagram B.

Page 18 of 30
 How can you tell, from diagram B, that the pressure of the gas has increased?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Diagram C shows what happened to the molecules after the gas was
compressed more.

(i) How can you tell that a chemical reaction happened when the gas was
compressed?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) The mass of the gas in both diagrams B and C was 0.3 g.

Why did the mass of the gas not change when it was compressed?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Complete the table below with the correct chemical formula of each
substance. Use the key to help you.

Page 19 of 30
 1 mark

(iv) What is the name of the substance represented by the symbol ?

.................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Page 20 of 30
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) any one from

• size of pieces of tablet

accept ‘size of tablet’
accept ‘whether the tablet is whole or crushed’

• surface area of the tablet

accept ‘form of the tablet’
accept ‘particle size’
accept ‘mass of each piece’
accept ‘number of pieces’
do not accept ‘mass of tablet’
1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• crushed tablets will dissolve more quickly than whole tablets

• a whole tablet will take longer to dissolve

accept ‘the finer the tablet the quicker it dissolves’
accept ‘the smaller the pieces the faster it dissolves’

• the bigger the surface or area the faster it dissolves

answers must include a comparison
award a mark for an answer in the past tense
if a comparison is included
1 (L5)

(c) temperature of the water

accept ‘temperature’
1 (L5)

(d) any one from

• the higher the temperature the quicker the tablet dissolves

• the lower the temperature the longer it takes to dissolve

answers must include a comparison
‘at the lowest temperature it takes a long time to dissolve’
is insufficient
‘at the highest temperature it dissolves quickly’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(e) 40
accept a temperature from 38 to 44
1 (L6)
[5]

Page 21 of 30
Q2.
(a) any one from

• amylase is denatured or destroyed

• enzymes work best at the right pH

accept ‘enzymes only work at the right pH’
do not accept ‘enzymes do not work at this pH’
do not accept ‘amylase does not work at this pH’
do not accept ‘amylase is killed at that pH’
1

(b) (i) an alkali

accept ‘strongly or weakly alkaline’
1

(ii) neutralisation
do not accept ‘digestion’
1

(c) (i) any one from

• blood sugar level does not rise as high after eating pasta
accept ‘blood sugar is lower’
do not accept ‘there is not as much starch in pasta’

• amount of insulin produced is related to the blood sugar level

1

(ii) 0.9 mg/cm3

accept answers from 0.8 mg/cm3 to 1.0 mg/cm3

the unit is required for the mark
1
[5]

Q3.
(a) (i) distillation
1

(ii) 100 / one hundred

1

(b) (i) measuring cylinder or pipette or burette

allow phonetic spelling
do not accept teat pipette
ignore any additional words or volumes
1

(ii) (re)heat the evaporating basin

accept heat to constant mass for 2 marks
1

weigh (again) or mass will not change

Page 22 of 30
 if no other mark awarded allow 1 mark for a chemical test for
water
1

(iii) 33.2 (g)

correct answer with or without working scores 2 marks
allow mass of residue = (24.04 g − 23.21 g) = 0.83 for 1
mark
allow ecf (mass of residue × 40) for 1 mark
2

(c) to kill microbes / bacteria or to sterilise / disinfect water

allow to prevent disease
ignore ‘to make it safe to drink’
1

(d) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of
Communication (QoC) as well as the standard of the scientific response.
Examiners should also refer to the information on page 4, and apply a ‘best−fit’
approach to the marking.

0 marks
No relevant content

Level 1 (1 − 2 marks)
A simple relevant comment has been made on the data from at least one of
the graphs.

Level 2 (3 − 4 marks)
At least two of the graphs have been considered with a relevant comment
made.

Level 3 (5 − 6 marks)
All the graphs have been considered and relevant comments made about
each.
A justified conclusion may be given.

examples of chemistry points made in the response:

extra information

• (graph 1 shows) fluoride ions reduce the amount of tooth decay

• (graph 1 shows) the effect in reducing tooth decay is greatest for 55−64 year
olds
accept any in range 55 − 64
• (graph 2 shows) the fluoride ions reduce percentage with decayed teeth
• (graph 2 shows) effect is greatest at 2.5 to 3 mg per 1000 g of water then
decay increases if more than 2.5 to 3 mg of fluoride ions per 1000 g water
accept any in range 2.5 − 3
• (graph 2 shows percentage) decay decreases from 0 to 2.5 / 3 mg per 1000 g
• (graph 3 shows) more marked / brittle teeth as fluoride level increases
• above points linked together to draw a justified conclusion
6
[14]

Q4.

Page 23 of 30
 (a) E
D
C
A
B
all five in the correct order are required for the mark
1

(b) (i) B
1
E
1
C or A
1
[4]

Q5.
(a) very high melting point
answers may be in either order
1 (L3)

good conductor of heat

do not accept ‘good conductor’
1 (L3)

(b) (i) good conductor of electricity

do not accept ‘good conductor’
1 (L3)

(ii) can be compressed

1 (L4)
[4]

Q6.
(a) (i) kinetic
accept ‘movement’ or ‘motion’
1 (L7)

(ii) sound
accept ‘kinetic’ or ‘movement’ or ‘motion’
1 (L7)

(b) any one from

answers must refer to ‘energy’ or ‘power’

• loud sounds dissipate more energy than quieter sounds

accept ‘energy is used or needed more quickly’

• energy is transferred more quickly

accept ‘it is using more power’ or ‘more energy is
transferred per second’

• more potential or kinetic energy is converted to sound

accept ‘more energy is converted to sound’

Page 24 of 30
 accept ‘it is using or transferring more energy’
accept ‘it produces more electrical energy’
do not accept ‘it uses more electricity’
1 (L7)

(c) any one from

• solar energy or light energy is used

accept ‘the radio is run by sunlight or light’

• less energy is provided by or taken from the spring

accept ‘the light provides a second source of energy’

• energy is provided by the solar cell

accept ‘the radio is run by the Sun’
accept ‘the radio has two sources of energy’
1 (L7)

(d) any one from

• batteries or mains electricity are not available

• batteries or mains are not needed

• people cannot afford batteries or mains electricity

accept ‘the energy resource is free’
accept ‘they are cheap to run’
‘they are cheap’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[5]

Q7.
(a) (i) A and F
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L6)

(ii) A
1 (L6)

(iii) E
1 (L6)

(b) (i) gravity or gravitational force

accept ‘weight’
1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• friction

• drag

• water resistance
accept ‘air resistance’

Page 25 of 30
 1 (L5)

(c) kinetic
the last two answers may be in either order
1 (L5)
sound
1 (L5)
thermal
accept ‘heat’
1 (L5)
[8]

Q8.
(a) any two from

• it has a flagellum or tail to help it move

accept ‘can move or swim’
accept ‘it has a tail’
‘whip’ is insufficient

• it does not have a (cell) wall

accept ‘it does not have a fixed shape’ or ‘it changes shape’
do not accept ‘it does not have a membrane’
‘it only has a cell membrane’ is insufficient

• it does not have a vacuole

• it has a reservoir (for taking in food)

accept ‘it takes in or eats food’
accept ‘it has a mouth-like structure’
‘it has a mouth’ is insufficient
2 (L6)

(b) • it has chloroplasts

accept ‘chlorophyll’
‘it makes food’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(c) • water
accept ‘H2O’
1 (L6)

• oxygen
accept ‘O2’
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L6)
[5]

Q9.
(a) (i) pale blue yellow red

Page 26 of 30
 answers may be in any order
all three answers are required for the mark
do not accept ‘blue’ for ‘pale blue’
1 (L5)

(ii) 2
because there are two spots on the paper
accept ‘there are two colours from the green ink’
accept ‘because they are straight up from the green ink’
accept ‘it has dark blue and yellow’
accept ‘it shows two’
both the answer and the correct explanation are required
for the mark
1 (L5)

(iii) pencil
both the answer and the correct explanation are
required for the mark

any one from

• because ink from the felt-tip pen is soluble or

will dissolve in water
accept ‘the ink will also produce colours’
‘the pencil has no ink in it’ is insufficient

• because pencil will not spread out or dissolve or run

or smudge
accept ‘the ink expands’
1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• the ink would not dissolve in water

accept ‘the ink was water resistant or
permanent or waterproof’

• the ink would dissolve in ethanol

• ethanol is a solvent for the ink

accept ‘ethanol is a suitable solvent’
accept ‘ethanol can absorb the ink’
accept ‘ethanol washes out the ink’
accept ‘some substances will dissolve
in one solvent but not another’
1 (L6)
[4]

Q10.
(a) •

Page 27 of 30
 award two marks for all four correct lines
award one mark for any two or three correct lines
if more than one line is drawn from any box,
do not credit either line
2 (L3)

(b) • off
off
both ticks are required for the mark
if more than one box is ticked in any row, award no mark
1 (L3)

• on
on
both ticks are required for the mark
if more than one box is ticked in any row, award no mark
1 (L4)

(c) • battery
accept ‘cell’ or ‘cells’
1 (L4)

(d) • Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
[6]

Q11.
(a) (i) • fat
1 (L5)

(ii) • carbohydrate
1 (L5)

(iii) • protein
1 (L6)

(b) any one from

Page 28 of 30
 • 200 g
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)

(c) any one from

• vitamins
accept a named vitamin

• water

• fibre
accept ‘roughage’
accept ‘minerals’ or a named mineral
do not accept ‘calcium’
1 (L5)

(d) (i) • 1100

accept a number from 1000 to 1300
1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• to make milk

• milk contains calcium

• a breast-fed baby needs calcium for growth or for bones

or teeth
accept ‘the baby needs calcium’

• she has to have enough calcium for herself and the baby
accept ‘to feed herself and the baby’
accept ‘the baby needs 600 and she needs 500’
accept ‘this is recommended for mother and baby’
‘to feed the baby’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[7]

Q12.
(a) (i) • (molecules) are far apart or not touching each other
accept ‘only gases can be compressed’
‘the gas can be compressed’ is insufficient
as it is given in the question
accept ‘they are randomly arranged’
1 (L7)

(ii) • there is only one type of molecule

or compound or substance
accept ‘there is one type of particle’
do not accept ‘there is only one type of atom or element’
1 (L7)

(b) any one from

Page 29 of 30
 • the space or distance between the molecules or particles is smaller
accept ‘the volume is less’
accept ‘atoms’ for ‘particles’

• the particles or they are closer together

• more particles are touching the sides

accept ‘particles hit the sides more often’
‘the particles are hitting the sides’ is insufficient
‘if the gas is compressed the pressure rises’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

(c) (i) any one from

• new or different compounds have formed

accept ‘they are now joined in threes’
accept ‘new combinations of particles or atoms’

• there is more than one compound

accept ‘the compounds are different’
accept ‘there is no longer a pure substance’
1 (L7)

(ii) any one from

• the same number of atoms are present

accept ‘mass is conserved’
‘the mass stays the same’ is insufficient

• nothing has been added to or lost

‘the same atoms are present’ is insufficient
‘nothing changed’ is insufficient
‘the amount of gas stays the same’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

(iii) •
NO accept ‘ON’

N2 O accept ‘ON2’

NO2 accept ‘O2N’

all three answers are required for the mark

1 (L7)

(iv) • nitrogen oxide

accept ‘nitrogen monoxide’
accept ‘nitric oxide’
1 (L7)
[7]

Page 30 of 30