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Question Paper 14-10-2024

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68 views

Question Paper 14-10-2024

Uploaded by

sidlat7676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question Paper: Quantitative Reasoning

Total Marks: 90
Time: 2 Hours

Part A: Short Answer Questions (15 Marks)

Answer all questions. Each question carries 5 marks.

1. What are logical connectives? List the five basic logical connectives used in propositional logic.
2. Explain what makes an argument valid or invalid with the help of an example.
3. What is propositional equivalence? Provide an example of two logically equivalent statements.

Part B: Long Answer Questions (30 Marks)

Answer all questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. Compare and contrast inductive, abductive, and deductive reasoning approaches.


Provide one practical example for each type to illustrate how they are applied in real-
world decision-making processes.
2. Explain the purpose and construction of truth tables in propositional logic. Construct a
truth table for the expression (p ⟹ q)∧(¬r∨p) and explain how it can be used to assess
the validity of logical propositions.
3. Discuss the concept of propositional equivalences and their role in simplifying complex
logical expressions. Illustrate this by simplifying the expression (p∨q)∧(¬p∨¬q)
MCQ Paper: Quantitative Reasoning

Name:______________________ Roll No. _____________

Total Marks: 10
Time: 10 Minutes

1. Which of the following best describes the primary importance of logic in reasoning?
A) Logic helps in emotional decision-making.
B) Logic enables people to argue effectively in debates.
C) Logic provides a structure to assess the validity of arguments.
D) Logic is used only in mathematical problems.
E) Logic helps in understanding ethics and morality.
2. Which of the following statements is an example of inductive reasoning?
A) All birds can fly, so this animal is a bird.
B) Every dog I’ve seen has four legs, so all dogs have four legs.
C) If it rains, the streets will get wet.
D) The ball is red; therefore, all balls are red.
E) If the sun rises in the east, the moon must set in the west.
3. In abductive reasoning, what is the primary objective?
A) To find the most probable explanation based on limited evidence. B) To reach a conclusion by eliminating
all false premises. C) To test a hypothesis based on repeated observations.
D) To apply mathematical proofs to logical statements. E) To confirm a universal truth from specific cases.
4. Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
A) All humans are mortal, and Socrates is a human, so Socrates is mortal.
B) I’ve seen five white swans; therefore, all swans must be white.
C) If it’s raining, the streets might be wet. D) The cat is missing, so it must have gone outside.
E) The majority of people like ice cream, so everyone must like it.
5. How are proportions typically used in logical arguments?
A) Proportions are used to define numerical relationships between variables.
B) Proportions help measure the relative frequency of premises.
C) Proportions are used to compare the sizes of different logical statements.
D) Proportions express relationships between parts of an argument's structure.
E) Proportions are unnecessary in logic as they are primarily mathematical tools.
6. Which of the following is an example of a valid argument?
A) If the sun is out, then it is day. It is not day, so the sun is not out.
B) If it rains, the street gets wet. The street is wet, so it must have rained.
C) All cats are animals. Some animals are mammals. Therefore, some cats are mammals.
D) If it rains, the street gets wet. It rained, so the street is wet.
E) If an animal has wings, it can fly. All birds have wings. Therefore, all birds can fly.
7. Which of the following is not a basic logical connective in propositional logic?
A) Conjunction (AND) B) Disjunction (OR) C) Implication (IF-THEN) D) Negation (NOT)
E) Biconditional (IF-AND-ONLY-IF)
8. Which row in a truth table shows a proposition being false in all cases?
A) The first row where all variables are true. B) The row where one variable is true, and the others are false.
C) The row where all variables are false.
D) The last row where all combinations of truth values are covered.
E) The row with a mix of true and false values.
9. Which of the following statements is logically equivalent to p∨qp?
A) ¬p∧¬q B) p∧¬q C) ¬(¬p∧¬q) D) p∧q E) ¬p∨q
10. In a valid propositional argument, when is the conclusion guaranteed to be true?
A) When all premises are true. B) When at least one premise is false. C) When there are an equal
number of true and false premises. D) When both the conclusion and premises are false.
E) When the premises are true, but the conclusion can still be false.

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