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8 views2 pages

2 5438292851530153467

Uploaded by

suhaibalnaimi03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Northern Technical University Fourth Year

Engineering Technical College / Mosul Subject: Environmental Engineering


Building & Construction Tech. Engg. Dept. Time allowed: 1.5 Hrs.
First Semester Date: / / 2024
2023-2024

Note: Answer THREE questions only


Q1/ A city of 750,000 people disposes of 1.05 m3/ s of treated sewage that still has a BODu of 28.0
mg/L and 1.8 mg/L of DO into a river. Upstream from the outfall, the river has a flowrate of 7.08
m3/s and a velocity of 0.37 m/s. At this point, the BODu and DO in the river are 3.6 and 7.6
mg /L, respectively. The saturation value of DO (at the temperature of the river) is 8.5 mg/L. The
deoxygenation coefficient, kd, is 0.61 day−1,and the reaeration coefficient ,kr, is 0.76 day−1.
Assume complete mixing and that the velocity in the river is the same upstream and downstream of
the outfall
1. What is the oxygen deficit and the BODu just downstream from the outfall (just after mixing,
before any reaction can occur)?
2. What is the DO 16 km downstream?
3. Calculate the critical time and distance.
4. What is the minimum DO?
(34marks)
3 −1
Q2/ A water treatment plant with an average flow of Q = 0.25 m ·s treats its water with alum
(Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) at a dose of 24 mg · L−1. Alum coagulation is used to remove particulate matter,
reduce the concentration of organic matter, and reduce the alkalinity of the water according to
Equation below. If the organic matter concentration is reduced from 17 mg· L−1 to 4 mg·L−1,
determine the total mass of alkalinity consumed and the total mass of dry solids removed per day.
(34marks)
Q3/ A) An aquifer has a hydraulic gradient of 0.00086, a hydraulic conductivity of 200 m ・ day−1 and
a porosity of 0.23. A chemical with a retardation factor of 2.3 contaminates the aquifer. What is the
linear velocity of the contaminant? How long will it take for the contaminant to travel 100 m in the
aquifer? (20marks)

B) A home water softener has 0.1 m3 of ion-exchange resin with an exchange capacity of 62 kg·m−3.
The six home residents each use water at a rate of 500 L ·day−1. The well water they are using
contains 420.0 mg ·L−1 of hardness as CaCO3. It is desirable to soften it to achieve a total hardness
of 130 mg ·L−1 as CaCO3. What should the bypass flow rate be? (13marks)
(33marks)
−1
Q4/ water treatment plant is designed at a flow rate of 42.5 L · s . The water is to flow into two
primary settling tanks operating in parallel. A detention time of 2.5 hours has been determined to
be effective. Using a length to width ratio of 2:1 and an effective depth of 3.5 m, calculate the
length of the tank in meters. If the primary settling tank is designed to handle a maximum hourly
flow of 0.670 m3/sec at an overflow rate of 70 m/day.

A) Determine the dimensions of the tank.

B) What is the effective theoretical detention time?

(33marks)
Best Wishes

Subject Lecturer Subject Lecturer Head of Dept.


Dr. Nabel Kalel Asmel Dr. Fadia A. Sulaiman Assist Prof. Jasim M. Abed

𝐷𝑡 = (𝑘𝑑 𝐿𝑎 − 𝐷𝑎 )(𝑒 −𝑘𝑑𝑡 )


𝑘 𝐿
𝐷𝑡 = 𝑘 𝑑−𝑘𝑎 (𝑒 −𝑘𝑑𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑟𝑡 ) + 𝐷𝑎 (𝑒 −𝑘𝑟𝑡 )
𝑟 𝑑
𝑘 𝑑 𝐿𝑎
𝐷𝑐 = 𝑘 (𝑒 −𝑘𝑑𝑡𝑐 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑟𝑡𝑐 ) + 𝐷𝑎 (𝑒 −𝑘𝑟𝑡𝑐 )
𝑟 −𝑘𝑑
1 𝑘𝑟 𝑘𝑟 − 𝑘𝑑
𝑡𝑐 = 𝑙𝑛 [ (1 − 𝐷𝑎 )]
𝑘𝑟 − 𝑘𝑑 𝑘𝑑 𝑘𝑑 𝐿𝑎
(Molecular weight of HCO3- = 61 g/mol)

(Molecular weight of Alum is 594.35 g/mol)

(Molecular weight of Al(OH)3 is 78 g/mol)

𝑔(𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌)𝑑 2
𝑉𝑠 =
18 𝜇

𝐴𝑙2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 . 14𝐻2 𝑂 + 6𝐻𝐶𝑂3− ↔ 2𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)3 (𝑠) + 6𝐶𝑂2 + 14𝐻2 𝑂 + 3𝑆𝑂42−

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