WIRELESS/MOBILE COMMUNICATION

By: - Amit Yerpude

PGT Computer Science
KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

• GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication.
• It provides its subscribers with roaming facility so that they
can use their mobile phones all over the world to
communicate with each other.
• GSM provides digital signalling as well as digital call facility
and is so considered as a second generation (2G) mobile
phone system.
• It provides consumers with better voice quality and low-cost
alternatives to making calls such as short message service
(SMS).
• It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 mbps of data rates.
• The key feature of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module
(SIM), generally known as SIM card.
• It is a detachable smart card that contains the subscriber’s
information along the phone book.
• This allows the user to use the phone book and other
information even after changing the handset.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

• GSM is a wireless communication medium that

provides the user with roaming facility, good
voice quality, SMS, etc., through digital signals.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

• CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access.

• CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several
transmitters can send information simultaneously over a
single communication channel.
• It is a channel access method used by various radio
communication technologies.
• It allows the division of transmission medium into different
channels so that transmission from different stations is
separated from each other.
• It employs spread spectrum digital technology where the data
is fragmented into small chunks over a number of different
frequencies available for use.
• Analog to digital conversion takes place where audio input is
first digitized into binary elements.
• The CDMA system works directly on 64 kbit/sec digital
signals.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

• CDMA is a digital cellular technology that uses

spread spectrum technique where the entire
bandwidth is divided among several users for
transmission of data.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

GPRS (General Packet Radio Services)

• GPRS or General Packet Radio Services provides various

features over 2G phones with respect to high speed data
transfer.
• A user can send and receive data at the same time and
thus uses the same bandwidth for both purposes.
• Using GPRS technology, a user can make a call and at
the same time receive a message without disconnecting
the call.
• However, GPRS usage is charged for the amount of data
sent or received.
• GPRS can provide data rates up to 32kbps to 48kbps.
• With this data rate, email messages, video streaming,
audio files, etc., can be downloaded and, therefore, can
be called 2.5G technology as it lies between the second
(2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

• Services Provided By GPRS

(a) Sending and receiving text messages.
(b) Internet access.
(c) Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS).
(d) Internet applications for smart devices through
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).
(e) Networking facility with one person or with several
persons in a group, i.e., video conferencing.

• GPRS provides high speed data transfer. A

user is allowed to download video streaming,
audio files, email messages, etc.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

Wireless in Local Loop (WLL)

• WLL provides the subscribers with wireless phone

facility to communicate with each other in order to
get better voice quality.
• It employs the use of electromagnetic radiation to
connect subscribers to the local exchange without
the use of wires.
• The user can use wireless phone, speaker phone and
parallel phones for communication with each other.
• Wireless Local Loop (wireless in local loop)
technology, the subscriber is connected to the
nearest exchange through a radio link instead of
copper wires.
• Wireless in local loop is cheaper and quicker than
copper wire connectivity.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

• There are various technologies like Frequency Division

Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) used for
wireless in local loop.

• In crowded urban localities where permission to dig may be

almost impossible to get, wireless technology is advised.

• However, there are also some disadvantages of using wireless

in local loop.
 First, as the distance between a receiver and transmitter increases
in a wireless system, the strength of the signal at the receiving end
decreases even if there are no obstacles in the way.
 Second, as the electromagnetic waves are propagated through air,
a signal travelling from a transmitter may take alternative paths on
its way to the receiver. These paths may cause delays in the
received signal due to the extra distance travelled
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

• Wireless in local loop is a system that is similar

to telephone system which provides wireless
telecommunication by deploying a multiplicity
of multichannel transceivers.
 MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES—1G, 2G, 3G & 4G
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

1G Technology
• 1G technology was used in the first mobile phones.

• 1G was introduced in the 1980’s.

• Transmission of voice data took place through analog radio signals.

• 1G network was used for voice calls and not for transmitting text
messages.

• For example, NMT, C-Nets, AMPS, TACS.

• Salient features of 1G technology:

• It provides data rates up to 2.4 kbps.
• It uses analog signals.
• Voice quality is not very good.
• It does not support transmission of text messages.
• It does not provide security.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

2G Technology
• 2G technology is the first digital cellular system that was launched in the
early 1990’s that provides high data transmission rate in digital format.

• 2G also introduced data services for mobiles, starting with SMS.

• For example, D-AMPS, GSM/GPRS, CDMAOne.

• Salient features of 2G technology:

• Good quality of sound.
• Higher data rates up to 64 kbps.
• Improved security mechanism.
• Transmission of data such as text messages in digital format.
• Support transfer of picture messages and MMS.
• It does not support transfer of complex data such as videos.
• It allows multiple users per radio channel with each user talking one at a time.
• Digital transmissions enable compressed voice and multiplexing multiple users per
channel.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

3G Technology
• 3G technology was introduced in the year 2000 and provides much higher
data rates with speed from 144kbps to 2mbps.

• 3G technology has introduced more efficient ways of carrying data, making

it possible to have faster web services, live chat, fast downloading, video
conferencing, etc., over mobile phones.

• For example, CDMA2000/EV-DO,WCDMA/HSPA+,TD-SCDMA.

• Salient features of 3G technology:

• It has introduced more efficient ways of carrying data with faster web services.
• Live chat, fast downloading, video conferencing, etc., are also possible over mobile
phones.
• It allows the user to play 3D games.
• A user can see live streaming on smartphones.
• It provides broadband internet services.
• It allows the user to send and receive large email messages.
• High bandwidth is required.
• Splits channel into time intervals enabling a single user to get all the resources at
once.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

4G Technology
• Unlike previous generations of mobile technology, 4G mobile technology uses ultra-high
broadband internet services with much faster data speed, typically between 100 mbps–
1gbps.

• Now, 4G rules the mobile market.

• Unlike previous generations of mobile technology, 4G mobile technology is used for

internet access on computers also, and it is totally wireless.

• 4G provides internet access, high quality streaming video and “anytime, anywhere” voice
and data transmission at a much faster speed than 3G.

• The “anytime, anywhere” feature of 4G is also referred to as “MAGIC” (Mobile multimedia;

Anytime/anywhere; Global mobility support; Integrated wireless solution; Customized
personal services).

• Salient features of 4G technology:

• It is used for internet access on computers also and is totally wireless.
• 4G provides internet access, high quality streaming video and “anytime, anywhere” voice and data
transmission at a much faster speed than 3G.
• It delivers faster and better mobile broadband experiences.
• It provides more data capacity for richer content and more connections.
The “anytime, anywhere” feature of 4G is also referred to as “MAGIC” (Mobile multimedia)
anytime/anywhere.
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria
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By: - Amit Yerpude, PGT 9/10/2020

CS, KV Khagaria

Thank you!!!