HARRY J MALIBIRAN GE 7 – SEC Y

BS-Computer Engineering

ACTIVITY # 3 SATELLITE

I. Science, Technology, and Society.

1. Science:

A. Who invented Satellite?

- The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4,
1957. This marked the beginning of the Space Age. The chief designer behind this
groundbreaking achievement was Sergei Korolev.

B. Why does the scientist invented Satellite?

- Sergei Korolev was driven by a combination of scientific curiosity, national pride, and
the strategic needs of the Soviet Union. Here are some key reasons:

Scientific Exploration: Korolev was passionate about rocketry and space exploration
from a young age. He wanted to push the boundaries of human knowledge and
technology.
National Prestige: During the Cold War, the Soviet Union aimed to demonstrate its
technological and scientific superiority over the United States. Launching the first
satellite was a significant achievement in this context.
Military Applications: The development of satellite technology was closely linked to
military advancements, including intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Korolev’s
work on rockets had direct implications for national defense12.

2. Technology:
 A. State the History of Satellite

600: Ancient Greek astronomers, such as Ptolemy, propose the geocentric model, which posits
that Earth is the center of the universe. This model dominates astronomical thought for centuries.
605: Greek philosophers and astronomers continue to refine the geocentric model, making
detailed observations of the stars and planets to support their theories.
610: Various ancient cultures, including the Chinese and Babylonians, make significant
contributions to astronomy by recording celestial events and developing early star charts.
615: Theories about the movement of stars and planets are discussed in ancient texts, with
scholars attempting to explain the regular patterns observed in the night sky.
620: Philosophers and astronomers continue to refine geocentric models, incorporating new
observations and improving their understanding of celestial mechanics.
625: Observations of the night sky lead to more detailed star charts, which help ancient
astronomers track the positions of stars and planets with greater accuracy.
630: Early attempts to explain the motion of celestial bodies include the development of complex
mathematical models to predict their movements.
635: The development of more sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as the astrolabe,
allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
640: Continued refinement of geocentric models by ancient scholars leads to a better
understanding of the apparent retrograde motion of planets.
645: Observations of planetary movements become more accurate, with astronomers noting the
regularity of these motions and seeking to explain them within the geocentric framework.
650: Theories about the structure of the universe are debated, with some scholars proposing
alternative models that challenge the geocentric view.
655: Ancient astronomers make detailed records of celestial events, such as eclipses and
planetary conjunctions, which provide valuable data for future generations.
660: Continued development of astronomical theories and models leads to a more comprehensive
understanding of the cosmos.
665: Observations of the moon and planets are recorded with increasing precision, helping to
refine existing models and theories.
670: Early theories about the nature of stars and planets begin to emerge, with some scholars
speculating about their composition and behavior.
675: The development of more accurate astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of
the astrolabe, enhances the ability of astronomers to make precise observations.
680: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
685: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
690: Early attempts to explain the motion of the planets include the development of complex
mathematical models that account for their observed movements.
695: The development of more detailed star charts helps astronomers track the positions of stars
and planets with greater accuracy, aiding in the refinement of existing models.
700: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
705: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
710: Early theories about the nature of the universe begin to take shape, with some scholars
proposing alternative models that challenge the geocentric view.
715: The development of more sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as improved
versions of the astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
720: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
725: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
730: Early attempts to explain the motion of the planets include the development of complex
mathematical models that account for their observed movements.
735: The development of more detailed star charts helps astronomers track the positions of stars
and planets with greater accuracy, aiding in the refinement of existing models.
740: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
745: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
750: Early theories about the nature of the universe begin to take shape, with some scholars
proposing alternative models that challenge the geocentric view.
755: The development of more sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as improved
versions of the astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
760: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
765: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
770: Early attempts to explain the motion of the planets include the development of complex
mathematical models that account for their observed movements.
775: The development of more detailed star charts helps astronomers track the positions of stars
and planets with greater accuracy, aiding in the refinement of existing models.
780: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
785: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
790: Early theories about the nature of the universe begin to take shape, with some scholars
proposing alternative models that challenge the geocentric view.
795: The development of more sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as improved
versions of the astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
800: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
805: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
810: Early attempts to explain the motion of the planets include the development of complex
mathematical models that account for their observed movements.
815: The development of more detailed star charts helps astronomers track the positions of stars
and planets with greater accuracy, aiding in the refinement of existing models.
820: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
825: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
830: Early theories about the nature of the universe begin to take shape, with some scholars
proposing alternative models that challenge the geocentric view.
835: The development of more sophisticated astronomical instruments, such as improved
versions of the astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
840: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
845: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
850: Islamic astronomers, such as Al-Farghani, begin to translate and build upon Greek
astronomical texts, contributing significantly to the understanding of celestial mechanics.
855: Observations of the night sky continue, with Islamic scholars making detailed records of
celestial events and refining existing astronomical models.
860: Al-Battani, an influential Islamic astronomer, makes precise measurements of the solar year
and the movements of the planets, challenging some aspects of the Ptolemaic system.
865: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as the astrolabe, allows for more
accurate observations and measurements of celestial bodies.
870: Islamic scholars, including Al-Sufi, make significant contributions to star cataloging,
identifying and naming numerous stars and constellations.
875: Theories about the nature of the universe are debated, with some scholars proposing
alternative models to the geocentric view.
880: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
885: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
890: Islamic astronomers, such as Al-Zarqali, develop more accurate astronomical tables, which
are used for centuries in both the Islamic world and Europe.
895: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
900: Continued refinement of geocentric models leads to more accurate predictions of celestial
events, such as eclipses and planetary alignments.
905: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
910: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
915: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
920: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn Yunus, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
925: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
930: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
935: Islamic scholars, including Alhazen, make significant contributions to the understanding of
optics and the behavior of light, which are crucial for the development of future astronomical
instruments.
940: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
945: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
950: Islamic astronomers, such as Al-Khujandi, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
955: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
960: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
965: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
970: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
975: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
980: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
985: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
990: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
995: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1000: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1005: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1010: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1015: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1020: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1025: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1030: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1035: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1040: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1045: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1050: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1055: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1060: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1065: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1070: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1075: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1080: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1085: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1090: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1095: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1100: Islamic astronomers continue to refine astronomical models and instruments, with scholars
like Al-Biruni making significant contributions to the understanding of celestial mechanics.
1105: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1110: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1115: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1120: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1125: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1130: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1135: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1140: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1145: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1150: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1155: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1160: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1165: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1170: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1175: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1180: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1185: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1190: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1195: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1200: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1205: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1210: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1215: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1220: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1225: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1230: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1235: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1240: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1245: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1250: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1255: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1260: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1265: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1270: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1275: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1280: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1285: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1290: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1295: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1300: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1305: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1310: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1315: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1320: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1325: Islamic scholars, including Al-Biruni, make significant contributions to the understanding
of the Earth’s rotation and the measurement of time.
1330: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1335: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1340: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Haytham, make significant advances in the accuracy
of astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1345: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1350: The Renaissance period begins, leading to a revival of interest in science and astronomy.
Scholars start to question the geocentric model and seek new explanations for celestial
phenomena.
1355: Observations of the night sky continue, with astronomers making detailed records of
celestial events and refining existing astronomical models.
1360: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1365: Islamic scholars, including Ibn al-Shatir, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion, challenging the Ptolemaic system.
1370: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1375: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1380: Islamic astronomers, such as Ibn al-Shatir, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1385: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1390: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1395: Islamic scholars, including Ibn al-Shatir, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of new astronomical models.
1400: The Renaissance continues to inspire a renewed interest in science and astronomy, leading
to significant advancements in the understanding of the cosmos.
1405: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1410: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1415: European scholars begin to translate and study Islamic astronomical texts, leading to a
greater understanding of celestial mechanics in Europe.
1420: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1425: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1430: European scholars, such as Georg von Peuerbach, begin to challenge the Ptolemaic system
and propose new models of planetary motion.
1435: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1440: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1445: European scholars, including Georg von Peuerbach, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of new astronomical models.
1450: The Renaissance continues to inspire a renewed interest in science and astronomy, leading
to significant advancements in the understanding of the cosmos.
1455: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1460: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1465: European scholars, such as Regiomontanus, build upon the work of earlier astronomers
and make significant advances in the understanding of planetary motion.
1470: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1475: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1480: European scholars, including Regiomontanus, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of new astronomical models.
1485: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1490: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1495: European scholars, such as Nicolaus Copernicus, begin to question the geocentric model
and propose the heliocentric model, which posits that the Sun is at the center of the universe.
1500: The Renaissance continues to inspire a renewed interest in science and astronomy, leading
to significant advancements in the understanding of the cosmos.
1505: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1510: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1515: European scholars, including Nicolaus Copernicus, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of the heliocentric model.
1520: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1525: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1530: European scholars, such as Nicolaus Copernicus, publish their findings on the heliocentric
model, challenging the long-held geocentric view.
1535: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1540: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1545: European scholars, including Nicolaus Copernicus, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of the heliocentric model.
1550: The Renaissance continues to inspire a renewed interest in science and astronomy, leading
to significant advancements in the understanding of the cosmos.
1555: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1560: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1565: European scholars, such as Tycho Brahe, make significant advances in the accuracy of
astronomical observations and the development of new mathematical techniques.
1570: Observations of the night sky become more systematic, with astronomers making regular
and detailed records of celestial events.
1575: Continued refinement of astronomical theories leads to a better understanding of the
cosmos, with scholars making significant advances in their knowledge of celestial mechanics.
1580: European scholars, including Tycho Brahe, make significant contributions to the
understanding of planetary motion and the development of new astronomical models.
1585: Observations of celestial bodies lead to new theories about their motion and behavior, with
scholars seeking to reconcile these observations with existing models.
1590: Continued development of astronomical instruments, such as improved versions of the
astrolabe, allows for more precise measurements of celestial objects.
1595: European scholars, such as Johannes Kepler, begin to build upon the work of Tycho Brahe
and develop new laws of planetary motion, laying the groundwork for modern astronomy.
1600: The concept of satellites as we know them did not exist. Astronomy was focused on
understanding celestial bodies and their movements.
1605: Johannes Kepler was developing his laws of planetary motion, which would later be
crucial for understanding satellite orbits.
1610: Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter, which he called the
“Medicean stars” (now known as the Galilean moons). This was the first observation of natural
satellites orbiting another planet1.
1615: Galileo continued his observations and defended the heliocentric model of the solar
system, which was essential for future satellite technology.
1620: The scientific community was still grappling with the implications of the heliocentric
model proposed by Copernicus and supported by Galileo.
1625: Astronomers continued to refine their observations of celestial bodies, but the concept of
artificial satellites was still far off.
1630: Johannes Kepler passed away, leaving behind his laws of planetary motion, which would
later be fundamental for satellite orbits.
1635: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1640: Advances in telescope technology continued, allowing for more detailed observations of
the planets and their moons.
1645: Astronomers were making incremental improvements in their understanding of the solar
system, setting the stage for future discoveries.
1650: The term “satellite” was used to describe moons orbiting planets, thanks to Kepler’s earlier
work.
1655: Christiaan Huygens discovered Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, further expanding
knowledge of natural satellites.
1660: The Royal Society of London was founded, promoting scientific research and discoveries
that would eventually lead to satellite technology.
1665: Robert Hooke made significant contributions to the understanding of planetary motion and
gravity.
1670: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to lay the groundwork for future satellite
technology.
1675: The Greenwich Observatory was established, providing a center for astronomical research.
1680: Edmond Halley began his work on predicting the return of comets, which would later
influence satellite tracking.
1685: Isaac Newton was developing his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which are
fundamental to satellite orbits.
1690: Newton’s work on gravity and motion was becoming widely accepted, providing the
theoretical basis for satellite technology.
1695: Astronomers continued to refine their observations and calculations of celestial bodies.
1700: The scientific revolution was in full swing, with significant advancements in
understanding the mechanics of the universe.
1705: Edmond Halley predicted the return of the comet that now bears his name, demonstrating
the predictive power of Newtonian mechanics.
1710: Astronomers were using improved telescopes to make more accurate observations of the
planets and their moons.
1715: The scientific community was focused on refining the heliocentric model and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1720: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1725: Astronomers were making incremental improvements in their understanding of the solar
system.
1730: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1735: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to lay the groundwork for future satellite
technology.
1740: The scientific community was focused on refining the heliocentric model and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1745: Astronomers were making incremental improvements in their understanding of the solar
system.
1750: The scientific revolution was in full swing, with significant advancements in
understanding the mechanics of the universe.
1755: Immanuel Kant proposed the nebular hypothesis, which influenced later theories about the
formation of the solar system.
1760: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1765: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1770: Astronomers were making incremental improvements in their understanding of the solar
system.
1775: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to lay the groundwork for future satellite
technology.
1780: The scientific community was focused on refining the heliocentric model and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1785: William Herschel discovered Uranus, expanding knowledge of the solar system and its
satellites.
1790: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1795: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1800: The scientific revolution was in full swing, with significant advancements in
understanding the mechanics of the universe.
1805: Scientists were developing early rocketry concepts, which would later be crucial for
launching satellites.
1810: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1815: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1820: The Royal Astronomical Society was founded, promoting astronomical research and
discoveries.
1825: Scientists were developing early rocketry concepts, which would later be crucial for
launching satellites.
1830: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1835: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1840: Advances in mathematics and physics continued to lay the groundwork for future satellite
technology.
1845: The scientific community was focused on refining the heliocentric model and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1850: Advances in astronomy and physics continued, with scientists like William Herschel
contributing to the understanding of celestial bodies.
1855: The scientific community was focused on improving telescopic observations and
understanding the mechanics of celestial bodies.
1860: James Clerk Maxwell published his theory of electromagnetism, which would later be
crucial for satellite communication.
1865: Jules Verne published “From the Earth to the Moon,” a novel that inspired future
generations to think about space travel and satellites.
1870: Advances in rocketry and the study of the upper atmosphere continued to lay the
groundwork for future satellite technology.
1875: The scientific community was focused on understanding the Earth’s atmosphere and
developing early rocketry concepts.
1880: Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell were making significant advancements in
communication technology, which would later influence satellite communication.
1885: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky began developing his theories on space travel and rocketry, which
would be fundamental for satellite technology.
1890: Advances in physics and engineering continued to support the development of satellite
technology.
1895: Guglielmo Marconi developed the first successful long-distance wireless telegraph, a
precursor to satellite communication.
1900: The scientific community was focused on improving communication technology and
understanding the mechanics of space travel.
1905: Albert Einstein published his theory of special relativity, which would later influence
satellite navigation systems.
1910: Advances in rocketry and the study of the upper atmosphere continued to lay the
groundwork for future satellite technology.
1915: Robert Goddard began experimenting with liquid-fueled rockets, which would be crucial
for launching satellites.
1920: The scientific community was focused on developing early rocketry concepts and
understanding the mechanics of space travel.
1925: Advances in communication technology and rocketry continued to support the
development of satellite technology.
1930: The scientific community was focused on improving rocketry and understanding the
mechanics of space travel.
1935: The development of radar technology during this period would later be crucial for satellite
tracking and communication.
1940: Advances in rocketry and radar technology continued to lay the groundwork for future
satellite technology.
1945: Arthur C. Clarke proposed the concept of geostationary satellites for communication
purposes, a foundational idea for modern satellite communication.
1950: The scientific community was focused on developing rocketry and understanding the
mechanics of space travel.
1955: The United States and the Soviet Union were both working on developing satellites as part
of the space race.
1960: The first successful weather satellite, TIROS-1, was launched by NASA, marking a
significant milestone in satellite technology.
1965: The first commercial communications satellite, Intelsat I (also known as Early Bird), was
launched, revolutionizing global communication.
1970: The scientific community was focused on improving satellite technology and expanding its
applications.
1975: The first satellite navigation system, Transit, was fully operational, providing accurate
location data for military and civilian use.
1980: Advances in satellite technology continued, with the launch of more sophisticated
communication and weather satellites.
1985: The Global Positioning System (GPS) began to be deployed, providing precise location
data for a wide range of applications.
1990: The Hubble Space Telescope was launched, providing unprecedented views of the
universe and advancing our understanding of space.
1995: The scientific community was focused on improving satellite technology and expanding its
applications in communication, navigation, and Earth observation.
2000: Advances in satellite technology continued, with the launch of more sophisticated
communication, navigation, and Earth observation satellites.
2005: The Galileo satellite navigation system, developed by the European Union, began to be
deployed, providing an alternative to GPS.
2010: Advances in satellite technology continued, with the launch of more sophisticated
communication, navigation, and Earth observation satellites.
2015: The scientific community was focused on improving satellite technology and expanding its
applications in communication, navigation, and Earth observation.
2020: Advances in satellite technology continued, with the launch of more sophisticated
communication, navigation, and Earth observation satellites.
2024: The scientific community is focused on improving satellite technology and expanding its
applications in communication, navigation, and Earth observation.

3. Society:

A. Find the usage of Satellite in Society.

Satellites play a crucial role in modern society across various domains:

1. Communication: Satellites enable global communication, supporting television
broadcasts, internet services, and phone connections, especially in remote areas.
2. Weather Forecasting: They provide essential data for predicting weather patterns and
monitoring natural disasters.
3. Navigation: GPS satellites offer precise location data for navigation in cars, planes,
ships, and even for personal use.
4. Earth Observation: Satellites monitor environmental changes, track deforestation, and
manage natural resources.
5. Scientific Research: They facilitate space exploration and scientific experiments,
contributing to our understanding of the universe.
6. Military and Surveillance: Satellites are used for reconnaissance, surveillance, and
national security purposes12.