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Part 5 Inferential statistics: Tests for frequency distributions
21 One-sample tests for a binomial distribution
22 One-sample tests for a multinomial distribution
23 The chi-square test for independence
24 Frequency tests for two dependent samples

Part 6 Inferential statistics: Other tests of significance

25 Rank-order tests for two or more samples
26 The t-test for a correlation coefficient

Part 7 Advanced topics

27 Statistical power
28 Generating new variables in SPSS: The Recode, Compute, and Multiple Response
commands

Appendix

Key equations

Glossary

Answers

Index
 Extended contents
Preface

Part 1 An introduction to statistical analysis

1 Variables and their measurement

Learning objectives
The conceptualization and operationalization of variables
Scales of measurement
Levels of measurement
Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis
Descriptive statistics
Exercises

2 Setting up an SPSS data file

Learning objectives
Obtaining a copy of SPSS
Alternatives to SPSS
Options for data entry in SPSS
The SPSS Data Editor
Assigning a variable name
Setting the data type
Setting the data width and decimal places
Defining variable labels
Defining value labels
Setting missing values
Setting the column format and alignment
Specifying the level of measurement
Specifying the role of each variable
Controlling the appearance of the Variable View
Shortcuts for defining variables
 Generating variable definitions in SPSS
The SPSS Viewer window
Saving a data file
Data entry
Checking for incorrect values: Data cleaning
Working with a large data set
Summary
Exercises

Part 2 Descriptive statistics: Graphs and tables

3 The graphical description of data

Learning objectives
Some general principles
The SPSS Chart Builder
Pie graphs
Bar graphs
Histograms and polygons
Interpreting a univariate distribution
Graphing two variables
Common problems and misuses of graphs
Exercises

4 The tabular description of data

Learning objectives
Listed data tables
Simple frequency tables
Relative frequency tables: Percentages, proportions, and rates
Cumulative frequency tables
Class intervals
Percentiles
Frequency tables using SPSS
 Valid cases and missing values
Improving the look of tables
Choosing between graphs and tables
Exercises

5 Using tables to investigate the relationship between variables: Crosstabulations

Learning objectives
Crosstabulations as descriptive statistics
Types of data suitable for crosstabulations
Crosstabulations with relative frequencies
Crosstabulations using SPSS
Interpreting a crosstabulation: The pattern and strength of a relationship
Interpreting a crosstabulation when both scales are at least ordinal
Summary
Exercises

6 Measures of association for crosstabulations: Nominal data

Learning objectives
Measures of association as descriptive statistics
Measures of association for nominal scales
Properties of lambda
Lambda using SPSS
Limitations on the use of lambda
Standardizing table frequencies
Exercises

7 Measures of association for crosstabulations: Ranked data

Learning objectives
Data considerations
Concordant pairs
Discordant pairs
Measures of association for ranked data
 Gamma
Somers’ d
Kendall’s tau-b
Kendall’s tau-c
Measures of association using SPSS
Summary
Exercises

8 Multivariate analysis of crosstabs: Elaboration

Learning objectives
Direct relationship
Elaboration of crosstabs using SPSS
Partial gamma
Spurious or intervening relationship?
Conditional relationship
Summary
Exercises

Part 3 Descriptive statistics: Numerical measures

9 Measures of central tendency

Learning objectives
Measures of central tendency
The mode
The median
The mean
Choosing a measure of central tendency
Measures of central tendency using SPSS: Univariate analysis
Measures of central tendency using SPSS: Bivariate and multivariate analysis
Summary
Exercises
10 Measures of dispersion
Learning objectives
The range
The interquartile range
The standard deviation
Coefficient of relative variation
Index of qualitative variation
Measures of dispersion using SPSS
Summary
Exercises

11 The normal curve

Learning objectives
The normal distribution
Using normal curves to describe a distribution
z-scores
Normal curves in SPSS
Exercises

12 Correlation and regression

Learning objectives
Scatter plots
Linear regression
Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient
Explaining variance: The coefficient of determination
Plots, correlation, and regression using SPSS
The assumptions behind regression analysis
Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient
Spearman’s rho using SPSS
Correlation where the independent variable is categorical: Eta
Summary
Exercises
13 Multiple regression
Learning objectives
Introduction to multiple regression
Multiple regression with SPSS
Testing for the significance of the multivariate model
Alternative methods for selecting variables in the regression model
Stepwise regression
Extending the basic regression analysis: Hierarchical regression
Extending the basic regression analysis: Adding categorical independent variables
The assumptions behind multiple regression
Exercises

Part 4 Inferential statistics: Tests for a mean

14 Sampling distributions
Learning objectives
Random samples
The sampling distribution of a sample statistic
The central limit theorem
Generating random samples using SPSS
Summary
Exercises

15 Introduction to hypothesis testing and the one-sample z-test for a mean

Learning objectives
Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses
Step 2: Choose the test of significance
Step 3: Describe the sample and derive the p-value
Step 4: Decide at what alpha level, if any, the result is statistically significant
Step 5: Report results
Error types in hypothesis testing
 What does it mean when we ‘fail to reject the null hypothesis’?
What does it mean to ‘reject the null hypothesis’?
The debate over one-tailed and two-tailed tests of significance
Summary
Appendix: Hypothesis testing using critical values of the test statistic
Exercises

16 The one-sample t-test for a mean

Learning objectives
The Student’s t-distribution
The one-sample t-test for a mean
The one-sample t-test using SPSS
Summary
Exercises

17 Inference using estimation and confidence intervals

Learning objectives
The sampling distribution of sample means
Estimation
Changing the confidence level
Changing the sample size
Estimation using SPSS
Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing
Exercises

18 The two-sample t-test for the equality of means

Learning objectives
Dependent and independent variables
The sampling distribution of the difference between two means
The two-sample t-test for the equality of means
The two-sample t-test using SPSS
Presenting the results of multiple tests
 Exercises

19 The F-test for the equality of more than two means: Analysis of variance
Learning objectives
The one-way analysis of variance F-test
ANOVA using SPSS
Comparing means using general linear models
Exercises

20 The two-dependent-samples t-test for the mean difference

Learning objectives
Dependent and independent samples
The two-dependent-samples t-test for the mean difference
The two-dependent-samples t-test using SPSS
Exercises

Part 5 Inferential statistics: Tests for frequency distributions

21 One-sample tests for a binomial distribution

Learning objectives
Data considerations
The sampling distribution of sample percentages
The z-test for a binomial percentage
Estimating a population percentage
The z-test for a binomial percentage using SPSS
The runs test for randomness
The runs test using SPSS
Exercises

22 One-sample tests for a multinomial distribution

Learning objectives
The chi-square goodness-of-fit test
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 The chi-square goodness-of-fit test using SPSS
The chi-square goodness-of-fit test for normality
Summary
Exercises

23 The chi-square test for independence

Learning objectives
The chi-square test and other tests of significance
Statistical independence
The chi-square test for independence
The distribution of chi-square
The chi-square test using SPSS
Problems with small samples
Problems with large samples
Presenting the results of multiple chi-square tests
Appendix: Hypothesis testing for two percentages
Exercises

24 Frequency tests for two dependent samples

Learning objectives
The McNemar chi-square test for change
The McNemar test using SPSS
The sign test
Summary
Exercises

Part 6 Inferential statistics: Other tests of significance

25 Rank-order tests for two or more samples

Learning objectives
Data considerations
The rank sum and mean rank as descriptive statistics
 The z-test for the rank sum for two independent samples
Wilcoxon’s rank-sum z-test using SPSS
The Wilcoxon signed-ranks z-test for two dependent samples
The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test using SPSS
Other non-parametric tests for two or more samples
Appendix: The Mann–Whitney U-test
Exercises

26 The t-test for a correlation coefficient

Learning objectives
The t-test for Pearson’s correlation coefficient
Testing the significance of Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS
The t-test for Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient
Testing the significance of Spearman’s correlation coefficient using SPSS
Testing for significance in multiple regression
Presenting results of multiple bivariate correlations
Exercises

Part 7 Advanced topics

27 Statistical power
Learning objectives
Calculating statistical power
Effect size
Prospective power analysis
Retrospective power analysis
Factors affecting statistical power
Summary

28 Generating new variables in SPSS: The Recode, Compute, and Multiple Response
commands
Learning objectives
Recoding variables
 Using Recode to convert a string variable to a numeric variable
Some issues with recoding
Computing new variables
The SPSS Multiple Response command
Summary

Appendix
Table A1 Area under the standard normal curve
Table A2 Critical values for t-distributions
Table A3 Critical values for F-distributions (α = 0.05)
Table A4 Critical values for chi-square distributions
Table A5 Sampling errors for a binomial distribution (95% confidence level)
Table A6 Sampling errors for a binomial distribution (99% confidence level)

Key equations

Glossary

Answers

Index
 Preface
This book is aimed at students and professionals who do not have any existing knowledge
in the field of statistics. It is not unreasonable to suggest that most people who fit that
description come to statistics reluctantly, if not with hostility. It is usually regarded as ‘that
course we had to get through’. I suspect that many instructors when confronted with the
prospect of having to teach the following material also share a sense of dread.
This book will ease these problems. It is written by a non-statistician for non-
statisticians, for students who are new to the subject, and for professionals who may use
statistics occasionally in their work. It is certainly not the only book available that
attempts to do this. One might in fact respond with the statement ‘not another stats book!’
There are important respects, however, in which this book is different from the other
numerous books in the field. This book differentiates itself from other texts in the
following ways:

Communication of ideas. This book is written with the aim of communicating the basic ideas and procedures of
statistical analysis to the student and user, rather than as a technical exposition of the fine points of statistical theory.
The emphasis is on the explanation of basic concepts and especially their application to ‘real-life’ problems, using a
more conversational tone than is often the case. Such an approach may not be as precise as others in dealing with
statistical theory, but it is often the mass of technical detail that leaves readers behind and turns potential users of
statistical analysis away.
Integrated use of SPSS. This book integrates the conceptual material with the use of the main computer software
package, SPSS. The development and availability of this software have meant that for most people ‘doing stats’ equals
using a computer. The two tasks have converged. Most books have not caught up with this development and
adequately integrated the use of computer packages with statistical analysis. Some concentrate on the logic and
formulae involved in statistical analysis and the calculation ‘by hand’ of problem solutions. At best, these books have
appendices that give brief introductions and guides to computer packages, but this does not bridge the gap between the
hand calculations and the use of computer software. Other texts concentrate on SPSS and its detailed use, without
adequate discussion of the underlying statistical concepts. This book builds the use of SPSS into the text. The logic
and application of various statistical techniques are explained, and then the examples are reworked in SPSS. Readers
can link explicitly the traditional method of working through problems ‘by hand’ and working through the same
problems in SPSS. Exercises also explicitly attempt to integrate the hand calculations with the use and interpretation
of computer output.
To help readers along, a website to support this book contains the data necessary to generate the results in the
following chapters, so that all the procedures described there can be replicated. You will need your own copy of SPSS
to perform these procedures, and Chapter 2 lists a number of means by which you can obtain SPSS.
It is necessary, however, to point out that this is not a complete guide to SPSS. This book simply illustrates how
SPSS can be used to deal with the basic statistical techniques that most researchers commonly encounter. It does not
exhaust the full range of functions and options available in SPSS. For the advanced user, nothing will replace the
User’s Guide published by SPSS. But for most people engaged in research, the following text will allow them to
handle the bulk of the problems they will encounter.
For users of other statistics packages, the files are also saved in ASCII and Excel format so that they can be
imported to these programs, along with a Readme file with the data definitions. All the files, and periodic minor
updates and corrections, can be obtained at the following website:

www.uk.sagepub.com/argyrous3

Clear guide to choosing the appropriate procedures. This book is organized around the individual procedures (or sets
of procedures) needed to deal with the majority of problems people encounter when analysing quantitative data. Other
texts flood the reader with procedure after procedure, which can be overwhelming. How to choose between the
options? This book concentrates on just the most widely used techniques, and sorts through them by building the
 structure of the book around these options. Entire chapters are devoted to individual tests so that the situations in
which a particular test is applied will not be confused with situations that call for other tests. Thus, after working
through the text, readers can turn to individual chapters as needed in order to address the particular problems they
encounter.
Chapters are organized around major classes of descriptive techniques. The early editions of this book were
criticized, rightly I believe, for being too rigid in their emphasis on the limits placed on analysis by levels of
measurement. When people analyse data they usually think in terms of classes of statistics first, such as central
tendency, frequency tables, or correlation. The level at which variables are measured is an important consideration,
but does not correspond to the way researchers ‘think’ about the problems they want to address. To accommodate this,
chapters have been organized into parts around the mainly used descriptive techniques, with data considerations
forming an element in the exposition of those techniques.
Reference to material available on the internet. The material now available on the internet is extensive and growing
all the time. The lack of ‘quality control’, however, can make the use of such material fraught with perils. I have
drawn on internet tools where appropriate and where I have been able to assess the quality of the information and
resources presented. I have given the address for these internet sources in the text, but the reader should be aware that
the maintenance of these sites is beyond the control of either myself or Sage.
Greater emphasis on reporting results. I have found that researchers are often at a loss as to how to communicate their
findings. I therefore have built into the five-step hypothesis testing procedure an explication of how to report findings.
Getting results is one thing, but unless these can be communicated, especially to a general audience, their importance
is lost. This strength of the text has been developed in this edition through presentation of extracts from published
research so that readers can ‘see how it is done’. Many chapters also have an exercise added that involves reviewing
the presentation of results in published works that can be downloaded from the website for the book. Reference to the
literature on statistical methods. Textbooks are always a lie. They present a field of knowledge as uncontroversial,
when in fact it is usually a terrain of hot debate. This is no less the case with statistics textbooks, including previous
incarnations of this one. Rather than continue the lie, I have introduced at various places some important points of
debate and references to the literature where those interested can pursue the debates further.
Material and examples do not require any discipline-specific knowledge. This book takes a ‘generic’ approach to
teaching statistics, so that it is of value to researchers in any field. It does not target any one disciplinary area. Its
appeal is to all researchers who need some basic understanding of quantitative methods and the use of SPSS. Some
specialized topics that are normally covered in specific fields, such as the greater interest in small sample problems in
the health sciences than in the social sciences, are not as a result covered. I have found, however, that instructors or
students can supplement the basic techniques covered in this text with such specialized topics as required, especially
given the vast amount of material now available on the internet.

Having noted the main features of this book as compared to others in the field, it is also
worth noting what this book is not. This book looks at the analysis of quantitative data,
and only the analysis of quantitative data. It makes no pretence to being a comprehensive
guide to social or health research. Issues relating to the selection of research problems, the
design of research methods, and the procedures for checking the validity and reliability of
results are not covered. Such a separation of statistics from more general considerations in
the design of research is a dangerous practice since it may give the impression that
statistical analysis is research. Nothing could be further from the truth. Statistical analysis
is one way of processing information, and not always the best. Nor is it a way of proving
anything (despite the rhetorical language it employs). At best it is evidence in an ongoing
persuasive argument. The separation of statistics from the research process in general may
in fact be responsible for the over-exalted status of statistics as a research tool.
Why, then, write a book that reinforces this separation? First, there is the simple fact
that no single book can do everything. Indeed, other books exist which detail the issues
involved in research and the place of statistical analysis in the broader research process.
Rather than duplicating such efforts, this book is meant to sit side by side with such texts
and to provide the methods of statistical analysis when required. Second, statistical
analysis is hard. It raises distinct issues and problems of its own which warrant a self-
contained treatment.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
Grimaldo, 110.

Guevara, 512.

Gui (Pedro de), 425.

Guillén de Ávila (Diego), 483.

Guillén de Segovia (Pedro), 388.

Guillermo de Inglaterra (Estoria del rey), 460.

Gundisalvo (Domingo), 120.

Gutiérrez de Cerezo (Fr. Andrés), 418.

Gutiérrez de Toledo (Julián), 450, 470.

Heredia (Pablo de), 425.

Hernández (Alonso), 522.

Herrera (Fr. Diego de), 362.

Herrera (Gabriel Alonso de), 524.

Herrera (Martín de), 511.

Hiaya-ben-Isaac, 102.

Higino (C. Julio), 33.

Hinojosa (D. Gonzalo de), 231.

Hispalense (Juan), 120.

Hispano (Juan), 130.

Hispano (Pedro), 180, 218.

Hispano (Vicente), 220.

Hospital (Jaime), 231.

Ibarra (Martín de), 544.

Idacio, 72.

Ildefonso (S.), 80.

Ildefonso (Vida de S.), 226.

Imperial (Micer Francisco), 346.

Iriense (Cronicon), 127.

Isaaque (Libro de), 223.

Isidoro (S.), 78.

Isopete istoriado (El libro de), 426

(Fábulas de Esopo, Burgos, 1496).

Jaime (D.), 220.

Januarius (Fr. Jaime), 506.

Játiba (Juan Andrés de), 541.

Jerónimo (Scala coeli de S.), 503.

Jheronimo (El transito de Sant), 445.

Jiménez Cerdán (Juan), 312.

Jiménez de Prejano (D. Pedro), 541.

Jiménez de Rada (Rodrigo), 178.

Juan (Historia del abad don), 506.

Juan II (Crónica de don), 365.

Juan Manuel (Don), 232.

Juda-ben-David, 100.

Juda-Leví, 112.

Julián (S.), 80.

Juliano (Presbítero), 110.

Julianus (Antonius), 55.

Justinianus, 75.

Justus, 75.

Juvenco, 59.

Kalila et Digna, 187.

Kimji, 112.

Lanaja (Pedro), 231.

Lando (Fernán Manuel de), 346.

Lapidario, 187.

Lara (Gesta de los Infantes de), 147.

Larraga (Martín de), 231.

Latron, 35.

Latronianus, 62.

Lax (Μ. Gaspar), 506.

Leandro (S.), 76.

Lebrija (M. Elio Antonio de), 419.

Ledesma (Fr. Francisco de), 506.

León (Francisco de), 512.

León Hebreo, 504.

Leyva (Juan de), 512.

Li (Andrés de), 449.

Libro de la celestial Jerarquía y infernal Laberinto,
446.

Libro de las marauillas del mundo, 540.

Libro de los pensamientos variables, 485.

Licinianus, 75.

Lilii Medicinae, 453.

Lisuarte de Grecia (Libro...), 539.

Loaysa (José de), 209.

Lobrañan (Diego de), 312.

Logroño (Bach. Juan Alfonso de), 453.

López (M. Fr. Juan), 430.

López de Ayala (Pero), 263.

(La Coronica del rey D. Pedro se imprimió en
Sevilla, 1495;
Toledo, 1526 (con la de Enrique II y Juan I);
Sevilla, 1542, 1549; Pamplona, 1591).
López de Cortegana (Diego), 534.

López de Haro (D. Diego), 512.

López de Mendoza (D. Íñigo), Marqués de Santillana,

301.

López de Segovia (Juan), 425.

López de Toledo (Fr. Diego), 470.

López de Villalobos (Dr. Francisco), 467.

López de Vivero Palacios Rubios (Dr. Juan), 500.

Lopis (Juan), 503.

Lucano, 45.

Lucas de Túy (Don), 181.

Lucena (Juan de), 379.

Lucidario, 210.

Lull (Raimundo), 215.

Luna (D. Álvaro de), 351.

Luna (Pedro de), 273.

Lusitano (Cronicon), 127.

Luzón (Juan de), 509.

Llabia (Cancionero de Ramón de), 410.

Macías, 346.

Madalena (Historia de S. María), 539.

Madrigal (Alfonso de), 334.

Magos (Historia de los tres Reyes), 509.

Mahoma (La Alabanza de), 131.

Maimónides, 112.

Mainete (Gesta de), 147.

Mallorca (Rodrigo de), 257.

Manrique (Gómez), 374.

Manrique (Jorge), 401.

Manual de la Sancta Fe Católica, 453.

Manuel (D. Juan), 512.

Marbres (Juan), 400.

Marcial, 51.

Marineo Sículo (Lucio), 415.

Marquilles (Jaime de), 503.

Martí (Fr. Ramón), 221.

Martín (S.), 74.

Martín de León (D.), 180.

Martín de León (S.), 130.

Martínez (Μ. Ferrando), 220.

Martínez de Ampiés (Martín), 453.

Martínez de Bizcargui (Gonzalo), 509.

Martínez de Medina (Diego y Gonzalo), 346.

Martínez Siliceo (Juan), 539.

Martínez de Toledo (Alfonso), Arcipr. de Talavera, 315.

Máximo, 80.

Maynes (Noble Cuento del emperador Carlos), 460.

Mazuelo (Fr. Vicente de), 430.

Mela (Pomponio), 39.

Melosina (Historia de la linda), 425.

Mella (Juan de), 341.

Mena (Juan de), 322.

Menahem-ben-Saruk, 100.

Mencia de Cisneros (Cancioneiro de Dom), 204.

Mendoza (Fr. Íñigo de), 407.

Meneses de Silva (Juan), 387.

Μerobaudes, 72.

Mexía (Ferrand), 445.

Mexía (Hernán), 368.

Mieres (Tomás), 330.

Migir (Fray), 346.

Miravet (Juan de), 453.

Misterio de Elche, 440.

Moderato de Gades, 39.

Mohadjar, 114.

Mohamed-Ettemimy, 107.

Moisés-ben-Ezra, 114.

Moisés-ben-Hanoch, 100.
Moisés-ben-Shem-Tob, 231.

Moles Margarit (D. Juan), 410.

Molina (Fr. Bartolomé de), 506.

Molino (Miguel del), 544.

Moncayo (Mosén Juan de), 335.

Monja (Fr. Alonso de la), 346.

Μonserrat (Guillermo de), 330.

Monte (Fr. Lope del), 346.

Montesa (Fr. Bernardo), 376.

Montesdoca (D. Juan de), 506.

Montesino (Fr. Ambrosio), 478.

Montoro (Antón de), 366.

Montrava (Berenguer de), 299.

Morales (Fernando de), 541.

Motetes de canto d'organo (Libro de), 503.

Mujeres illustres de Boccaccio (De las), 450.

Narváez (Juan de), 511.

Nebridius, 75.

Nobleza ó Lealtat (Libro de la), 184.

Nola (Roberto de), 339.

Νoya (Vidal de), 449.

Núñez (Nicolás), 512.

Núñez Coronel (Luis), 507.

Núñez Delgado (Pero), 499.

Núñez de Toledo (Alfonso), 410.

Núñez de Toledo (Hernán), 427.

Núñez de Toledo (Juan), 503.

Obregón (Antonio de), 523.

Ocaña (Fr. Gonzalo de), 333.

Olid (Juan de), 372.

Oliueros de Castilla y Artus dalgarbe (Historia de los

nobles caualleros), 484.

Oliva (Monje), 110.

Oliver (Fr. Bernardo), 257.

Oller (Fr. Bernardo), 257.

Oropesa (Alfonso de), 376.

Orosio, 70.

Ortiz (Dr. Alonso), 449.

Osio, 57.

Osma (M. Pedro de), 406.

Osorio de Moscoso (D. Rodrigo), 512.

Ottas (Cuento muy fermoso del emperador), 460.

Pacensis, 88.

Paciano (S.), 63.

Padilla (Fr. Juan de), 446.

Páez de Ribera (Ruy), 346.

Palencia (Alfonso de), 372.

Palmerín de Oliva, 514.

Pardo (Jerónimo), 492.

Paris e Viana (Historia de los amores de), 131.

Partenoples (Historia del Conde; en catalán), 425.

Partinuples (Libro del esforçado cauallero conde),

535.

Pascual (S. Pedro), 217.

Patos (Juan Pedro de), 231.

Pedro (D.), Condestable de Portugal, 355.

Pedro (Diego de San), 512.

Pedro IV, 273.

Pelayo, 124.

Pentateuco hebraico, 426.

Peña (Fr. Antonio de la), 514.

Peñafort (S. Raimundo de), 220.

Peralta (Guillermo de), 484.

Pérdida de España (Gesta de la), 147.

Peregrina, 273 y 470.

Pérez de Guzmán (Fernán), 306.

Pérez de Olivano (Agustín), 506.

Pérez de Salanova (D. Ximen), 231.

Pérez de Valencia (Jaime), 415.

Perpiñano de Riu (Fr. Pedro), 231.

Pertusa (Martín de), 231.

Pinar, 512.

Pintor (Pedro), 484.

Plácidas (Estoria del cavallero), 460.

Polemar (Juan), 309.

Políglota de Alcalá, 539.

Poridad de las Poridades, 184.

Portocarrero (D. Luis), 512.

Potamio (S.), 61.

Pradilla (Bachiller de la), 514.

Primaleón y Polendos (Libro...), 544.

Prisciliano, 61.

Proaza (Alfonso de), 494.

Proverbios (Libro de los buenos), 184.

Proverbios en rimo de... Salomón, 207.

Prudencio, 65.

Prudencio Galindo, 94.

Puente (Fr. Ramón de la), 217.

Puerta (Fr. Sancho), 290.

Puerto (Diego del), 503.

Pulgar (Hernando del), 416.

(La Chronica de los Reyes Catolicos se imprimió en
Granada, 1545, 1550; Valladolid, 1565; Zaragoza,
1567).

Quintiliano, 53.

Quirós, 512.
Rabi-Jonas-ben-Ganaj, 104.

Raimundo de Peñafort (S.), 220.

Ramírez (D. Alfonso), 180.

Ramos de Pareja (Bartolomé), 413.

Rasis (Crónica del moro), 246.

Razón de Amor, 162.

Recemundo, 101.

Refranes glosados, 510.

Regimine Principum (De), 450.

Reinosa (Rodrigo), 533.

Renallo Gramático, 123.

Resende (Cancionero de), 357, 542.

Revelación de un ermitaño, 272.

Reyes (Crónica de Veinte), 245.

Reyes dorient (Libro dels), 159.

Reyes Magos (Auto de los), 149.

Ribelles (Mosén Juan), 335.

Ribera (Hernando), 522.

Ribera (Páez de), 511.

Ribera (Suero de), 335.

Ribot (Fr. Felipe), 273.

Rimada (Crónica), 252.

Río (Juan del), 231.

Roa (Fernando de), 539.

Roberto el Diablo (La vida de), 510.

Roderici Campidocti (Gesta), 128.

Rodrigo (Cantar de), 252.

Rodríguez de Almella (Diego), 377.

Rodríguez de la Cámara (Juan), 327.

Rodríguez de Lena (Pero), 310.

Rodríguez de Montalvo (Garci), 454.

Rodríguez de Tudela (Ldo. Alonso), 541.

Rodulfo, 123.

Rojas (Fernando de), 471.

Roldán (Maestre), 220.

Romancero, 486.

Romano, 98.

Rosell (Fr. Nicolás), 257.

Rosignol (Fr. Arnaldo de), 231.

Rubio (Fr. Guillermo), 231.

Ruiz (M. Jácome), 220.

Ruiz (Juan), Arc. de Hita, 237.

Ruiz de Corrella (Juan), 407.

Sabah (Rabí Abraham), 432.

Sabunde (Raimundo), 313.

Sahagún (Juan de), 360.

Said-ben-abd-Rabihi, 102.

Saktar, 105.

Salaya (Alonso de), 523.

Salaya (Juan de), 499.

Salinas (Lope), 387.

Salomón (Proverbios en rimo del sabio), 207.

Sampiro, 103.

Samson, 97.
Samuel de Israel (Las epístolas de Rabí), 514.

Samuel Naguid, 105.

San Cristóbal (Alfonso de), 333.

Sánchez de Arévalo (Rodrigo), 386.

Sánchez de Badajoz (Garci), 481.

Sánchez de Badajoz (Bach. Diego), 519.

Sánchez Ciruelo (M. Pedro), 493.

Sánchez Talavera (Fernán), 346.

Sánchez de Tovar ó de Valladolid (Fernando), 255.

(La Crónica de Alonso XI salió en Valladolid, 1551,
1563; Medina, 1563; Toledo, 1595).

Sánchez de Vercial (Dr. Clemente), 291.

Sancho II (Gesta de don), 147.

Santa María (Alonso de), 295.

Santa María (D. Gonzalo de), 298.

Santamaría (D. Pablo de), 279.

Santa María Egipciaqua (Vida de), 159.

Santafé (Pedro de), 335.

Santisteban (Cristóbal de), 502.

Savasorda, 115.

Sebastián, 98.

Segovia (Juan de), 309.

Seguí (Pedro), 535.

Segundo (Capítulo de las cosas que escribió por

rrespuestas el filósofo), 192.

Sem Tob, 259.

Sem-Tob (Joseph-ben-), 360.

Sem-Tob-Falaguera, 219.

Sendebar, 190.
Séneca (Las Epístolas de), 464.

Séneca el filósofo, 41.

Séneca el retórico, 37.

Sessé (Juan de), 335.

Severo (Aquilio), 63.

Severus, 75.

Sevilla (Juan de), 93.

Sextilius Ena, 31.

Silense (El), 126.

Silio Itálico, 49.

Silos (Códice de S. Domingo de), 131.

Sobrarias (Juan), 492.

Socarrats (Juan), 403.

Sorbés (Mauro Antonio), 409.

Soria, 512.

Sorio (Fr. Baltasar), 514.

Sosa (Lope de), 512.

Soto (Alfonso de), 430.

Spañon (Alonso), 485.

Stanyol (Fr. Ángel), 503.

Stúñiga (Cancionero de), 335.

Suertes (Libro de), 499.

Tablante de Ricamonte (Crónica de...), 535.

Tafur (Pero), 370.

Tajon, 80.

Talavera (Hernando de), 465.

Tapia, 512.
Tapia (Juan de), 335.

Taranta (Vasco de), 290.

Targum de Onkelos, 432.

Teodor (Historia de la doncella), 192.

Teodulfo, 90.

Terrena (Fr. Guido de), 236.

Tesoro (Libro del), 207.

Tiberiano, 63.

Tirant lo blanch (Libro del valeros e strenu caualler),

430.

Tirante el Blanco, 514.

Toledo (Anónimo de), 131.

Toledo (Crónica de), 131.

Toledo (D. Francisco de), 406.

Toledo (Juan el Viejo de), 290.

Tomás (Álvaro), 510.

Toribio (S.), 72.

Toro (Arcediano de), 346.

Torquemada (Juan de), 314.

Torre (Alfonso de la), 331.

Torre (Bachiller de la), 430.

Torre (Fernando de la), 335.

Torrella (Gaspar), 466.

Torrella (Jerónimo), 464.

Torrellas (Pedro), 335.

Torres Naharro (Bartolomé de), 515.

Tovar (Fr. Luis de), 509.

Tractado de la vida y estado de la perfeccion, 484.

Tristan de leonis (Libro del esforçado cauallero don),

496.

Τroyana (Crónica), 255.

Tungano (Libro del caballero don), 509.

Turpin (Crónica latina del seudo), 147.

Turranius Gracilis, 31.

Uligia (Fr. Gombaldo de), 273.

Urrea (D. Pedro Manuel de), 528.

Urríes (Mosén Ugo de), 404.

Valera (Mosén Diego de), 411.

Valerio (S.), 98.

Valladolid (Alfonso de), 217 y 236.

Valladolid (Juan de), 335.

Vargas (Fr. Alonso de), 257.

Vaticana (Cancioneiro da), 204.

Vázquez de Tapia (Hernán), 522.

Vega (Fr. Pedro de la), 511.

Velasco (D. Antonio de), 512.

Verague (Pedro de), 261.

Vergel de consolación, 275 y 466.

Vespasiano (Istoria del noble), 430.

Viana (Príncipe Carlos de), 340.

Vicente (Gil), 497.

Victoriano y Molón (Lorenzo), 470.

Villalpando (Mosén Juan de), 335.

Villena (D. Enrique de), 288.

Vincencio, 107.