OCR

GCSE
PHYSICS
Matter
The Particle Model

Time allowed
19 minutes

MARK SCHEME

Score Percentage

/16 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
 Question Answer Marks Guidance
1 a a fast moving electron (1) 1 if answer line blank allow correct answer circled or underlined

more than one answer = 0 marks

b 1 both ticks required

mass number is unchanged
 more than two ticks = 0 marks

nucleus has one more neutron

nucleus has one more proton



atomic number decreases by one

c i 2 any two or three numbers correct = 1 mark

237
…… ……
4

 Np + He
93
…… 2
……

(2)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
ii any two from 2 Ignore references to alpha detector
Ignore merely particles ‘hit’

alpha particles cause the air inside the smoke

detector to ionise (1)

idea that smoke particles absorb / stop (some alpha) But alpha particles absorbed or stopped by smoke particles so
radiation (1) less ionisation of air particles (2)
less ionisation (of air) with smoke [1]

current is reduced (causing alarm to sound) (1)

Total 6

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
2 a 1.9(333) (g/cm )3
1

b 2.7 (g) [2] 2

BUT if answer is incorrect then

0.9 x 3 scores [1]

c Mark explanation only 3 If answer is A then it is still possible to gain up to 2 marks

B is heaviest [0]

Unknown liquid is denser than water [1]

Unknown liquid is denser than oil [1]

and is liquid X [1] If no clear reference to density of water or oil is made then allow
unknown liquid is heavier than oil / water [1]

d i Oil (linear) reduction in density with increasing 1

temperature / ORA [1]

ii Water density rises up to 5˚ and then falls (non- 1 Eg. water’s maximum density is at 5OC [1]
linearly) as temperature increases AW [1]
Allow 3OC - 6OC tolerance

d iii Any two from: 2

Ice (at 0oC) is less dense (than water at 0oC) [1]

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
Density of water increases up to 5oC [1]

(Idea that) water warmer as depth increases [1] e.g. ‘warmest water at the bottom’ scores [1]

Total 10

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OCR
GCSE
PHYSICS
Matter
Changes of State

Time allowed
54 minutes

MARK SCHEME

Score Percentage

/45 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
Question Answer Marks Guidance
1 a i Idea that electrons are involved / collide with ions or 3 allow electrons vibrate [1]
atoms (in aluminium) [1]

But idea that electrons pass on energy [2]

idea that particles vibrate more / get faster / gain KE ignore ‘particles start to vibrate’
[1] allow vibrate faster [1]
allow ‘particles move more’ [1]
idea that (kinetic) energy / movement is passed from
particle to particle [1]

ii 2 one mark for each correct sentence

The water is heated and it expands. [1] allow equivalent answers worded differently.
e.g. occupies a larger volume / takes up more space / particles
spread out [1]
ignore particles expand
This makes the water less dense so it rises. [1]

allow equivalent answers worded differently.

eg. denser water sinks [1]
ignore particles become more dense

b i idea that microwaves heat water (and fat) only / 2 allow IR heats all particles on surface / IR heats surface only [1]
microwaves penetrate food [1] ignore microwaves cook from the centre

but
allow IR increases KE of all food particles / particles on the
microwaves increase KE / movement / vibration of surface [2]
water (or fat) particles [2]

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 ii 2 maximum two marks
(Both are) electromagnetic waves / reflected by shiny ignore references to heat
surfaces or metal walls / conduction or convection eg (both) conduct to the rest of the food [1]
(heat) to centre of food [1]

both transfer KE to particles / [1]

allow both cause particles to vibrate more / vibrate faster [1]

eg ‘KE passed on to other particles in the rest of the food

scores’ [2]

Total 9

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
2 Level 3: (5 – 6 marks) 6 This question is targeted up grade A*
Full quantitative
AND Indicative scientific points ay level 3 may include:
a qualitative comparison. relevant points for level 1 and level 2 and
Quality of written communication does not impede idea that heat capacity / energy is the same for each
communication of the science at this level. correct calculation to show heat energy capacity is the
same for each e.g.
Level 2: (3 – 4 marks) 400 x 1.5 x 80 = 500 x 1.2 x 80
Partial quantitative comparison 400 x 1.5 = 500 x 1.2
OR Indicative scientific points ay level 2 may include:
qualitative comparison showing alloy has alloy has a smaller specific heat capacity
greater mass but smaller specific heat capacity. alloy has greater mass
Quality of written communication partly impedes stainless steel has a larger specific heat capacity
communication of the science at this level. stainless steel has smaller mass
heat capacity /(energy) correctly calculated e.g.
Level 1: (1 – 2 marks) 400 x 1.5 (x 80)
Idea of same mass of water 500 x 1.2 (x 80)
OR Indicative scientific points ay level 1 may include:
water rises in temperature by the same amount
mass of water is the same / mass of water in each kettle
OR
is 1.8 kg
same energy needed
temperature rise of water in each kettle is the same /
Quality of written communication impedes
water rises from 200C to 1000C in each kettle /
communication of the science at this level.
temperature rise of water in each kettle is 800C
Level 0: (0 marks) power of kettle is the same
Insufficient or irrelevant science. Answer not worthy same amount of water (1.8 kg) and temp rise (800C)
of credit. water heating needs same energy for each kettle
Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris; do not use ticks.
Total 6

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 Question Answer Marks Guidance
3 a 1.9(333) (g/cm3) 1

b 2.7 (g) [2] 2

BUT if answer is incorrect then

0.9 x 3 scores [1]

c Mark explanation only 3 If answer is A then it is still possible to gain up to 2 marks

B is heaviest [0]

Unknown liquid is denser than water [1]

Unknown liquid is denser than oil [1]

and is liquid X [1] If no clear reference to density of water or oil is made then allow
unknown liquid is heavier than oil / water [1]

d i Oil (linear) reduction in density with increasing 1

temperature / ORA [1]

ii Water density rises up to 5˚ and then falls (non- 1 Eg. water’s maximum density is at 5OC [1]
linearly) as temperature increases AW [1]
Allow 3OC - 6OC tolerance

d iii Any two from: 2

Ice (at 0oC) is less dense (than water at 0oC) [1]

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
Density of water increases up to 5oC [1]

(Idea that) water warmer as depth increases [1] e.g. ‘warmest water at the bottom’ scores [1]

Total 10

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 Question
uest Answer Marks Guidance
4 300 (seconds) to 500 (seconds) (1) 2 allow 300 to 310 (1)

energy used to break intermolecular bonds / bonds allow overcome intermolecular forces
between molecules (1) ignore breaks intermolecular forces
not intra-molecular forces

ignore bonds between particles

allow breaks bonds between liquid particles (1)

both marking points are independent of each other

Total 2

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 Question
uest Answer Marks Guidance
5 (a) 30240 (from the calculation) and E / the 35000 heater (2) 2 no mark for just choosing E with no working or answer
no mark for choosing E with an incorrect calculation

but if the answer incorrect or no heater selected

0.6 x 12 x 4200 or 30240 (1)

(b) (i) 2
48000 Allow correct rearrangements:
or 2260 × 20 and liquid A indicated or named
20 Eg 48 000 = 21,2 (38938) or 21 and liquid A [2]
scores (2) 2260

but A chosen with incorrect calculation scores (0)

48000
or s.l.h. × (20 or 53) without comment or
(53 or 20)
incorrect comment scores (1)

(ii) melting or freezing / solidification 1 allow condensation / sublimation

allow acceptable named change of state
ignore evaporation
ignore liquid to gas / boiling
Total 5

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 Question
uest answer Marks Guidance
6 (a) [Level 3] 6 This question is targeted at grades up to A/A*
A detailed explanation of the conduction in the glass Indicative scientific points at Level 3 may include:
together with a link to the energy transfer from air in the warm air particles:
room to the glass or from the glass into the (cold) air  move around quickly
outside.  hit glass particle making them vibrate (move) more
Quality of written communication does not impede glass particles:
communication of the science at this level.  vibrate more / gain KE
(5-6 marks)  pass vibrations / KE through glass
cold air particles:
 hit (warm) glass particles
 gain KE / bounce off with more speed
[Level 2] Indicative scientific points at Level 2 may include one
Limited explanation of one process by which energy is of :
transferred between particles and leads to energy loss warm air particles:
from the room or window. The description may not be  move around quickly
specific to the window or glass.
 hit glass particle making them vibrate or move more
Quality of written communication partly impedes
glass particles:
communication of the science at this level.
 vibrate or move more / gain energy
(3-4 marks)
 pass vibrations or movement or energy through glass
cold air particles:
 hit (warm) glass particles
 gain energy / bounce off with more speed
 change of air density causes convection (outside)
[Level 1] Indicative scientific points at Level 1 may include:
An incomplete explanation, naming some processes  idea of particles passing on energy
by which energy is transferred or lost from the room.  idea of conduction through window / glass
Quality of written communication impedes communication  idea of convection in air outside / in the room
of the science at this level.  idea of radiated heat from outer surfaces of window
(1-2 marks) ignore heat escapes or draughts
ignore heat particles / particles move through glass
[Level 0] ignore references to double glazing
Insufficient or irrelevant science. Answer not worthy of
credit. (0 marks) Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris; do not use ticks

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 Question
uest Answer Marks Guidance
(b) (i) 61.67 / 61.7 / 61.66 / 62 [3] 3 allow 61.666666 etc [3]
allow 61 / 61.6 [2]
if answer incorrect then

41.67 / 41.7 / 41.66 / 42 [2] allow 41.666666 etc [2]

allow 41 / 41.6 [1]
or

2100 000 / (12 x 4200) scores [1]

(ii) heat or energy heating steel / metal / case / radiator [1] 1 ignore lost / wasted unless qualified

idea of heater / steel / case / metal / radiator conducting [1] ignore references to electricity but
allow steel or metal conducts electricity [1]
allow explanation
eg heat passes through the steel [1]

heat / energy being given out or lost to or from the room / ignore references to change of state or boiling point of water
surroundings / atmosphere / air / AW [1] ignore efficiency

(c) 3 does not have to appear in this order to gain full marks

water or ‘it’ heats (gets to 50°C or maximum) slower / AW / allow idea that water reaches 50oC more gradually or heats
ORA for oil [1] up more gradually but ignore merely its gradual
allow water (graph) has a lower gradient / AW / ORA
water or ‘it’ contains more energy / has higher (specific)
heat capacity / ORA for oil [1] ignore efficiency
ignore cost
ignore references to boiling points

linked to water or ‘it’ stays hotter for longer / gives out allow oil cools down quicker / gives out less heat to the room
more heat or energy to the room / AW [1 ]

Total 13

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