Formulae For Trigonometric Functions &

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Formulae For Trigonometric Functions &
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometric Formulae:
Relation between trigonometric ratios
a) tang = 528
 Trigonometric Formulae:
Relation between trigonometric ratios
a) tan
sin
cos0
d) cot
cos
cos@
sin@
sin
d) cot= cos
)
Trigonometric identities
a)
sin cos 1
- 2
a) sin’ 9+cos O=1
2 

b) 1+tan“0 =sec’ 0
b) 1 tan sec 

20, 2
2

c) 1+cot”d=cosec’@
c) 1 cot cosec 
 
;
2
;
2
Addition /subtraction formulae & some related results
Addition / subtraction formulae
some related results
a)sin(A+ B)=sinAcosB +cos AsinB
a)
sin A B A B A B
  sin cos cos sin


d) cos A=Cos 7& a
d)
b) cosA B A B A B
b) cos( A+B)=cos Acos B Fsin AsinB
Do
  cos cos sin sin


;
c)cos(A+B)cos(A-B) =cos* A—sin’ B =cos B - sin’ A
c) cos A B A B

 cos
  cos sin cos2
2 A B B A
2

d) sin A B A B
d) sin(A+ B)sin(A-B)=sin’ A—sin%B Scos”B>cos" A

sin 
  sin A B B A
2
e) tan(A+B) = tanA+tanB
e) tan A B
 
f) cot  A B
 

1 tan tan
tan +tan
A B
1+tan A

a
cot cot 1
B A
cotB+cotA
cot cot
B

Transformation ofsums/differences into products. & vice-versa
collCD
Transformation of sums / differences into products & vice-versa
a) sina)sinCAMD =2sin
C D
 
sin
2
2
C D

cos
C -
2
b)sinC —sinD =2cos 2%in 7CD
C D
b) sin sin 2cos
C D
 

9
2
©)cosC +cos D=2¢os 5 cos 5C D
c) cos cos 2cos
C D
 
2
C+D

cos
2
d) cosC hos ieC+D sinc?
d) cos cos 2sin
C D
  
2
C D C D


sin
2
e) 2sin cos    
A B sin A B A B
e)2sinAcosB =sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)


sin 
f) 2
A B sin A B A B
f) 2cosAsinB=sin(A+B)-sin(A-B)cos sin    


sin
8) 2cos AcosB =cos(A+B)+cos(A-B)
g) 2cos cos  cos A  
A B
B A B

cos
h)2sinAsinB =cos(A—B)—cos(A+B)
A B cosA B A B
h) 2sin sin    

cos
newuons in Different Measures ofAngle
2 Angle in Radian Measure =(Angle in Degree Measure)x —
“
Relations in Different Measures of Angle

Angle in Radian Measure= Angle in Degree Measure ×

.
 Angle in Degree Measure = Angle in Radian Measure ×
~Angle in Degree Measure =(Angle in Radian Measure)x —
1

~0m radian measure) =f
 (in radian measure) 

l
r
r
ee _4lso followings are ofimportance as well:
2 1Richt angle =90°

Also followings are of importance as well:
o

90
Right angle
List OfFormulae By OP Gupta
List Of Formulae By OP Gupta
 1 = 60 , 1 =60
>1°=60', l'=60" 
o
Page - [1]
Page - [1]
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
.
.



180
180

n) tan3A 
n)tan34=—
3tan A—tan? A
3tan tanA A
3

1 3tan

~3tan
2
A
m)cos3A =Acos* A—3cosA3A A
m)cos3 4cos 3cos
A 

)sin3.A =3sin A—4sin° A
.
A A
_ .
_ . 3

l) sin3 3sin 4sin3
C D
C-D


sin
2
k) tan2A 
2
k) tan2A=—__
>tan A
2tan A
an
1 tan2
1—tan’ A

aaa
j) cos2A 
Atan B
h)2sin?A=1—cos2A2A   A
.
i) sin2A
2tanA
i) sin2 A=—_,_
2tan A
1 tan2
joos2A=t—tan4
1+tan’ A
2
2

1 tan A

1 tan
1+tan’ A

A
h) 2sin 1 cos2
 sin cos cos2
2

2


 sin2
D
cos cos sin
2
A 
,A MAAA
2

2
iy e)cos2A=A2c0s°A-12A
e) cos2 2cos 1

f) 2cos2y,— 1 cos2
2 A   A
ae res?
gc0s2:4 =1—2sin* A
g) cos2 1 2sin2
A   A
sin
2
A

2
20
2
Trigonometricidentities
b) tan@=
b) tan
1
coté
cot
1
e) cosecO =
)
e) cosec
1
sin@
sin
c) tan .cot 1
c) tan8.cot@=1
 
f) sec 0 =sec
1
Dp
cos@
cos
Multiple angle formulae involving 2A and3A
Multiple angle formulae involving 2A and 3A
a)sin2 2sin cos
a)sin2.A =2sinAcosA
A  A A
sin 2sin cos
ao} A
A A
b) sinA =2sin—cos—
2
2
o)cos2.A =cos* A—sin? A
A A A
 sin2
2
c) cos2 cos2


1 = =0.01745 radians approximately
180
o
List Of Formulae for Class XII By OP Gupta (Electronics & Communications
Engineering)


General Solutions
a) sin sin
x     
y x n
( 1 ) ,
n
b) cos cos    ,
x
y x n y where n Z .
2 
c) tan tan y x n y where n Z .
x     ,
Relation in Degree & Radian Measures
Angles in Degree
0
Angles in Radian
0c
30
 
6
 
 
c
45
 
4
 
 
c
60
 
3
 
 
c
90
 
2
 
 
c
 
c
180
270
  
 
 
3
2
c
 2
c
360

y where n Z .
 1 radian= 57 17 45 or 206265 seconds .
o
 
 In actual practice, we omit the exponent ‘c’ and instead of writing c we simply
write  and similarly for others.
Trigonometric Ratio of Standard Angles
Degree /Radian  
0
T – Ratios  
sin
cos
tan
cosec
sec
cot
0
0
1
0

1

Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles
Angles
 
T- Ratios  
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
cosec

2


2
  
 
cos cos sin sin
 cos cos
sin sin
cot cot
tan tan
cosec cosec
30

6
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
2
1
3

0
1
45

4
1
2
1
2
1
60

3
3
2
1
2
3
0

90

2
1
3
2

3
2
 2 
OR 
2 
 cos cos
 sin sin
 sin sin cos cos
 tan tan cot cot
 cot cot tan tan
 sec sec
sec sec cosec cosec
 tan tan
 cot cot
 cosec cosec sec sec
 sec sec
 cosec cosec
List Of Formulae By OP Gupta
Page - [2]
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
44
=
“|
IS
“|
+|
+|
“|
Is

MATHEMATICS – List Of Formulae for Class XII By OP Gupta (+91-9650350480)

 Inverse Trigonometric Formulae:
01.
a) sin1  x  cosec
1 1 
 
 
x
c) cos
1  x  sec

e) tan

1  x  
1 1 
 
 
x
cot
1 1
 
 
 
x
  cot


π
1 1 
 , 0
 
x
02. a) sin 1   sin ,  1,1
1
x
x x
c) tan
1   tan , R
1
x
x x
e)sec
1   πsec , 1
1
x
03. a)
sin sin ,

1  x x 
c) tan tan x x 
1 
e)sec sec x x, 0 π,
1 
 
04. a) sin cos1
1
b) tan cot
1
x 
c)cosec sec
1
05. a) sin1
b)cos
1
x 
x  sin1
x 
1

,
π
2
π
2
x | |x 
 
x
 
x
π
2
π
2
  
x x
x    1,1
π
2
x  ,R
π
x
2
1
x  x||
π
2
, 1 . .,
i e x   
1 or 1
x
y  sin 1  
1 x y y x2 
2

1
x  cos
1
y  cos




c) tan tan
1
x 
1
y  

 π tan


1 xy  1 1
2

  y
x
tan
1 

1
x y
xy

1  x y 



1 xy 
 π tan






d) tan tan
1
x 
1
y  

 π tan


 
1 


2 


, 1

xy 
1
x y
xy

tan
1

, 0, 0, 1
, 0, 0, 1



x y xy
x y xy
  
  
1
x y
xy

1  x y 



, xy  1

1 xy 
, 0, 0,
 π tan


e) tan tan
1
x 
1
y 
tan tan

1 z 
 
1 

1
x y
xy


, 0, 0,

x y xy
x y xy
   1
   1
1  x y z xyz 

  
1  

Page - [3]
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
xy yz zx 
List Of Formulae By OP Gupta
, x
π
2
b)cos
x
d)cosec
x 
, 0
x 
f) cot
, x 1,1

d)sec
, x 1,1

b)cosec
1  x  sin1 1
 
 
 
x
1  x  cos

1 1
 
 
 
x
, x    

, 1 1,
 
, x    


tan
1  x  
1 1
 
 
x
 
, 0
x 
  tan


π
1 1 
 , 0
 
x
1   πcos ,  1,1
1
x x
1   cosec , 1
1
x
x | |
x
f) cot
1   πcot , R
1
x
b)cos cos x x, 0   π
1 
d)cosec cosec x x 
1 
f) cot cot x x, 0   π
1 
 
x

,
 
x
π
2
  
x x, 0
π
2
x x
x 
, 1 1,
 

06. a) 2 tan sin1 2

List Of Formulae for Class XII By OP Gupta (Electronics & Communications
Engineering)

1
x 
1
x
2 , | | 1

x 
b)2 tan cos1 1
1
x 


2 
1
x
2 , 0
x 
c) 2 tan tan1 2x
1
x 


1 x 
2 , 1 1

  
x
07. Principal Value: Numerically smallest angle is known as the principal value.
Finding the principal value: For finding the principal value, following algorithm
can be followed–
STEP1– Firstly, draw a trigonometric circle and mark the quadrant in which the
angle may lie.
STEP2– Select anticlockwise direction for 1st and 2nd quadrants and clockwise
direction for 3rd and
4th quadrants.
STEP3– Find the angles in the first rotation.
STEP4– Select the numerically least (magnitude wise) angle among these two values.
The angle
thus found will be the principal value.
STEP5– In case, two angles one with positive sign and the other with the negative
sign qualify for
the numerically least angle then, it is the convention to select the angle with
positive sign as
principal value.
The principal value is never numerically greater than  .
08. Table demonstrating domains and ranges of Inverse Trigonometric functions:
_
Inverse Trigonometric Functions i.e., f ( )x
sin 1 x
cos 1 x
cosec 1x
sec 1 x
tan 1x
cot 1x
Domain/ Values of x
[ 1, 1]
[ 1, 1]
R ( 1, 1)
 
R ( 1, 1)
 
R
R
Discussion about the range of inverse circular functions
other than their respective principal value branch
We know that the domain of sine function is the set of real numbers and
range is the closed interval [–1, 1]. If we restrict its domain to

 




π π
,


2 2
 , 
 2 2 
π 3π
,

3π π
,

2 2 
 ,
 etc. then, it becomes bijective with the range [–1, 1].
So, we can define the inverse of sine function in each of these intervals.
Hence, all the intervals of sin–1 function, except principal value branch

(here except of 

π π
,

2 2
 for sin–1 function) are known as the range of sin–1
other than its principal value branch. The same discussion can be
extended for other inverse circular functions.
List Of Formulae By OP Gupta
Page - [4]
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com

Range/ Values of ( )fx



π π
,


2 2
[0, π]
 
π π
, {0}

2 2
[0, π]

  
 
 
π
2


π π
,


2 2 
(0, π)
x
  
x
  

MATHEMATICS – List Of Formulae for Class XII By OP Gupta (+91-9650350480)

09. To simplify inverse trigonometrical expressions, following substitutions can be
considered:
Expression
Substitution
a x2
2

2
a x

2
x a

or
2 or
2 or
a x

or
a x

a x2
2

2
a x

x
or
a x

x
or
a x

2 or
a x

a x2
2

a x2
2

a x

x
a x

x
Note the followings and keep them in mind:
 The symbol
sin x
1
x a sin θ or x a cos θ
2

x a tan θ or x a cot θ
2


2

2
x  2 cos2θa
2
a x2
2

a x2
2

x a2
2

a x

x  cos 2θa
x a secθ or x a cosecθ


x a tanθ or x a cot θ


x a sin θ or x a cosθ


is used to denote the smallest angle whether positive or negative, the sine
of this angle will give us x. Similarly
1
 You should note that sin x

cos x tan x cosec x sec x
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
, and cot 1x
are defined.
can be written as arcsinx . Similarly other Inverse Trigonometric
Functions can also be written as arccosx, arctanx, arcsecx etc.
 Also note that
sin x
1
(and similarly other Inverse Trigonometric Functions) is entirely
different from (sin )x 1 . In fact, sin 1x
1
whereas (sin )x 1 is
is the measure of an angle in Radians whose sine is x
sin x
(which is obvious as per the laws of exponents).
 Keep in mind that these inverse trigonometric relations are true only in their
domains i.e.,
they are valid only for some values of ‘x’ for which inverse trigonometric
functions are well
defined!
Hii, All!
I hope this texture may have proved beneficial for you.
While going through this material, if you noticed any error(s) or, something which
doesn’t make
sense to you, please bring it in my notice through SMS or Call at +91-9650 350 480
or Email at
[email protected].
With lots of Love & Blessings!
- OP Gupta [+91-9650 350 480]
Electronics & Communications Engineering, Indira Award Winner
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
List Of Formulae By OP Gupta
Page - [5]
www.theOPGupta.WordPress.com
rrr
TATA