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Syrups

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11 views

Syrups

Uploaded by

sabreenmanasrah2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Syrups

Definitions
In pharmaceutical industry syrup is defined as a medicine in the form
of a thick liquid containing a sugar solution.

Syrups generally are the saturated aqueous solutions of sucrose or


other sugars in water or other aqueous liquid
Syrup, BP is a colorless to dark yellow viscous syrup, formulated to
assist compounding pharmacists in the preparation of oral
extemporaneous dosage forms. It contains 666.7 g of sucrose and
333.3 g of water.

Syrup, USP contains 850 g sucrose and 450 ml of water in each liter of
syrup.
Although very concentrated, the solution is not saturated. The slight excess of
water enhances the syrup’s stability over a range of temperatures, permitting
cold storage without crystallization.
Components of Syrup
sucrose

some other polyols such as glycerin, sorbitol, and dextrose


✔ incorporated to increase the solubility of added substances or retard the
crystallization of sucrose.

Syrup dosage form is used in many drug formulations such as;


antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-tussives, sedatives and vitamins.
Classification of syrup

Medicinally, they are divided into two groups:


✔ Non-medicated syrups.
✔ medicated syrups.

Simple syrups: It is prepared by dissolving sucrose in purified water.


✔ Simple syrup is a saturated solution of sucrose that contains (66.7%w/w, 85%
w/v).
✔ It is used as a sweetening agent or as a vehicle for bitter water soluble drug.
Flavored syrups: They contain aromatic or pleasantly
flavored substances (as aromatic water, spirits,
volatile oils or aromatic substances)
used as a vehicle or flavoring agents for extemporaneous
preparations.

To cover the bitter water- soluble drugs with unpleasant


or disagreeable odor.
Medicated syrups: These consist of simple syrup or flavored syrup
and active ingredients or drugs which give them a therapeutic value.

Invert syrups: it is prepared by hydrolyzing sucrose with hydrochloric


acid and the solution is neutralized with calcium or potassium
carbonate.
✔ When it is mixed with suitable proportions with syrup, it prevents the
decomposition of crystals of sucrose during storage.
Functions of syrup

As a vehicle.
Sweetening agent.
To mask the bitter taste.
To mask the saline taste
As an antioxidant.
As a preservative.
As a flavoring agent
As a demulcent and as a soothing agent
Formulation of a syrup includes:
✔ water as a vehicle

✔ coloring agent (Amaranth, compound tartrazine and green S & tartrazine)

✔ flavoring agent(Lemon tincture, ginger tincture, raspberry juice, wild cherry


juice, vanilla and orange flavor).
Preparation of Syrup
Agitation: to prepare syrups containing thermolabile or volatile
substances.

Agitation with heat: sucrose is dissolved in water by agitation in


presence of heat.
Percolation: is one of the processes of extraction in which the active
ingredients are dissolved from the powdered or granulated drug
packed in a column and the extract is obtained by using a suitable
solvent.
Simple syrup

In simple syrup, sucrose acts as a solute and purified water acts as a


solvent.

Sucrose is dissolved completely in purified water with agitation and


application of heat.
Simple syrup is used as a vehicle due to the following reasons:

✔ It has a sweet taste and good flavor.

✔ It itself acts as an antioxidant due to partial hydrolysis of sucrose into


reducing sugar such as dextrose.

✔ It also acts as a preservative as nearly saturated solution of sucrose


has high osmotic pressure.
Destruction of microorganism may occur due to high osmotic
pressure of syrup that withdraws water from microorganism to
dehydration.
Hot syrup should not be filled in the container as condensate water
molecule may dilute the upper layer of the syrup that may cause
fermentation.

cool syrup should be filled in a dry container at room temperature.


Sometimes preservatives such as methyl paraben (Not more than
0.15%), benzoic acid (0.1- 0.2%), sodium benzoate (0.1-0.2%) or
combinations of methyl, propyl and butyl paraben may be added to
this preparation to prevent microbial growth.

Warm and cool place is not suitable for storage as it causes


fermentation and crystallization

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