REFERENCE & TECHNICAL DATA

Table of Contents
GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 DRILL & TAP REFERENCE DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TABLE OF PITCH DIAMETERS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6 TO 53 TEETH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
54 TO 101 TEETH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS & MANUFACTURING
102 TO 149 TEETH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
150 TO 197 TEETH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
GEAR WEAR & LUBRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

GEAR MOUNTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

BEARING TOLERANCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-22

METRIC CONVERSIONS & QUALITY

SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

For metric options, please see our metric catalog.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
W.M. Berg manufactures several styles of gears. Each gear has and serves its own particular application. Listed below are brief
descriptions and application notes for the variety of available styles. Further information can be obtained from numerous gear
and mechanical design handbooks, or by contacting our engineering department.
Gear Types
Spur Gears are the most recognized style of gear. Spur Gears are used exclusively to transmit rotary motion between parallel
shafts, while maintaining uniform speed and torque. The involute tooth form, being the simplest to generate, permits high
manufacturing tolerances to be attained.
Internal Spur Gears, unlike spur gears, have the teeth generated on the I.D. of the blank. They are generally stronger and
more efficient than the mating pinion gear. The pitch diameter of the internal gear must be at least 1.5 times the P.D. of the mating
pinion. If this condition is not met, interferences between the tips of the teeth will occur. Internal gears provide the designer with
the ability to achieve higher contact and drive ratios than standard spur gears at shorter center distances. They also enable a
velocity change without a directional change. This would require an idler gear with standard spurs.
Helical Gears are similar to spur gears with the exception that the teeth are cut at an angle to the axis of the shaft (helix
angle). The helix cut creates a wider contact area enabling higher strengths and torques to be achieved. Though helical gear
sets operate quieter and smoother than spur gears, they are slightly less efficient. Helical gears can run on parallel shafts or may
be offset as much as the helix angle will permit. Axial thrust loads are developed during operation and must be considered when
selecting bearings and mounting arrangements.
Racks are best described as spur gears of infinite pitch radius. They will translate rotary motion to linear motion (rack driven by
pinion) and vice versa. Racks will mate pinions of the same pitch.
Anti-Backlash Gears For applications requiring precise positioning with zero backlash, W. M. Berg, Inc. manufactures anti-
backlash gears. The split gear design incorporates springs, which force the floating gear in a direction opposite the rotation of
the fixed gear, effectively enlarging the tooth width and overcoming the space, or backlash, between the teeth of the gear with
which it is meshed.
Two types of design are available, one utilizing scissor springs (Figure 1), and the second for larger diameter gears, utilizing
extension springs (Figure 2). Anti-backlash gears are stocked in aluminum or stainless steel but can be supplied in other
materials or to other configurations on request.
Anti-backlash gears are the most widely used and most inexpensive method of eliminating the inaccuracies encountered in low
torque gear trains, where precise positioning is essential to an application.

Scissor Extension
Springs Springs

Figure 1 Figure 2

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Helical

Parallel Shafts

Drive Driven Driven

L. H. L. H. L. H. L. H.
Pinion Pinion Pinion
Drive
Pinion

Driven Driven Drive Drive

Gear R. H. Gear R. H. Gear R. H. Gear R. H.

Right Angle Shafts

L. H. R. H. Drive
Drive Pinion
Pinion

Driven Driven
Gear L. H. Gear R. H.

Drive Drive
L. H. R. H.
Pinion Pinion

L. H. = Left Hand
R.H. = Right Hand
->. = Direction of Thrust
Special helical gears cut to
Driven L. H. Driven R. H. order.
Gear Gear

Bevel Gears are used exclusively to transmit rotary motion between intersecting shafts. A cross section of the gear tooth
reveals a profile similar to a spur gear. As the tooth is generated, this profile decreases in size as it gets closer to the center of
the gear. Bevel gear sets will produce axial thrust loads which must be compensated for when selection bearings and designing
mounting fixtures. Bevel gears of 1:1 ratio are referred to as miter gears.
Worm and Worm Wheel: Best choice of gearing when high drive reduction is required. Worm Wheels resemble helical gears
with the addition of a throat cut into the O.D. of the wheel. The throat permits the worm wheel to fully envelope the threads of the
worm. Threads, not teeth are cut on the worm, and by adjusting the number of threads, different ratios can be achieved without
altering mounting arrangements. A unique feature of Worm and Wheel assemblies is their ability to prohibit back driving. Certain
pitches and leads of the worm will not permit the worm wheel to drive the worm. This is useful when an application requires
the output to lock-up should the application operate in the opposite direction. The worm is self locking when the helix angle is
less than 5°. The worm is back drivable when the helix angle is greater than 10°. Worm and Worm Wheel assemblies must be
mounted on perpendicular, non-intersecting shafts.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Many Gearing Assemblies can be developed from W.M. Berg’s extensive inventory, however, we have designed several styles of
gear boxes that are “Ready to Install”. Refer to catalog for styles and selection, then contact our Sales department for availability
and pricing.
Gear/Gear Assembly Efficiencies:

Special Bore
+ .0005
Tol. - .0000

Designator Designator Designator

.0781 = B .1873 = H .3748 = M
.0900 = V .1875 = HH .3750 = MM
.0937 = D .2405 = J .4998 = R
.1200 = E .2498 = K .5000 = RR
.1248 = F .2500 = KK .6248 = T
.1250 = FF .3123 = L .6250 = TT
.1562 = G .3125 = LL .6871 = W

Example:
Stock Number P48S28-120 (1/4” Bore to be rebored to .3748)
Specify as follows: P48S28-120-M

In the table listed below are the basic standard Metric Motor Shaft and Metric Bearings Bore diameters most commonly used.
For modification of W.M. Berg, Inc. U.S. Standard Bore components to Metric Bores select nearest standard to desired metric
bore and modify same. Modification charge will apply. Note: True Metric available, see Metric catalog.

W.M. Berg, Inc.

U.S. Standard Bore Diameters Standard Metric System Bores Recommended Rebore
Fractional Decimal mm Metric Tolerances Dimensions & Tolerances
1/8 .1248 + .0005 4 H7 .1573 + .0005
3/16 .1873 + .0005 5 H7 .1966 + .0005
3/16 .1873 + .0005 6 H7 .2360 + .0005
1/4 .2498 + .0005 7 H7 .2757 + .0006
1/4 .2498 + .0005 8 H7 .3148 + .0006
5/16 .3123 + .0005 9 H7 .3541 + .0006
3/8 .3748 + .0005 10 H7 .3935 + .0006
3/8 .3748 + .0005 12 H7 .4725 + .0007
1/2 .4998 + .0005 14 H7 .5510+ .0007
1/2 .4998 + .0005 15 H7 .5907+ .0007

Other basic Berg code designators

W = Worm Wheel AP = Anti-backlash Pin Hub
H = Helical Gears AC = Anti-backlash Clamp Hub
M = Miter & Bevel Gears PH = Pin Hub
R = Racks Spur CH = Clamp Hub
S = Shafting CG = Clamps - Gears

Note: Most gears as specified by Berg numbering system are stock. Any others, not listed in our catalogs, are considered specials
and are gears cut to order using basic stock blanks.
All prices and quantity discounts are available on request. No exchanges or returns are expected on special non-stock parts as
all such parts are made to your particular specification and have no resale value.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
GEAR TOOTH STRENGTH
Many factors must be considered when designing a gear train. The information listed on this page should be used as a general
guideline for your application. If more critical strength calculation is required W.M. Berg suggests that you consult our engineering
department or any one of the many gear handbooks that are readily available.
When a gear train is transmitting motion, it is safe to assume that all of the load is being carried by one tooth. This is because
as the load approaches the end of the tooth, where the bending force would be the greatest, a second tooth comes into mesh to
share the load. Simple results can be obtained from the Lewis bending strength equation.

Wt = SFY
D.P.
Wt = Maximum transmitted load (lbs)
S = Maximum bending tooth stress (taken as
1/3 of the tensile strength) See Table C
on Page 24
F = Face width of gear (in.)
D.P. = Diametral Pitch = 1/module (for equation
only)
Y = Lewis Factor (See Table)

NOTE: The maximum bending tooth stress (S) is

valid for well lubricated, low shock applications.
For high shock, poorly lubricated applications,
the safe stress could be as low as .025S. If your
design calls for an unfriendly environment for
gears, you might want to lower S to assure a
reasonable amount of gear life.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Table of Gear Tooth Proportions

Gear Terms and Abbreviations

Base Diameter - (B.D.) The diameter of the circle from Pressure Angle - (P.A.) The angle between a line tangent
which the involute is generated. to the pitch circle and a line perpendicular to the tooth profile
Backlash - Is the amount by which the width of a tooth at the point of contact.
space exceeds the thickness of the engaging tooth of a mating Pitch Diameter - (P.D.) Diameter of the pitch circle.
gear, when both gears are at nominal center distances. Pitch Circle - An imaginary circle, whose diameter is equal
Center Distance - (C.D.) Distance between the centers to the number of teeth divided by diameter pitch.
of mating gears. Testing Diameter - (T.D.) A diameter, established by
Circular Pitch - (C.P.) The distance, along the Pitch Circle, inspection with a master gear of known size. It is equal to
between corresponding points of adjacent teeth. twice the difference between the tight mesh center distance,
Circular Thickness - Thickness of tooth on pitch circle. and the sum of the master gear testing diameter, divided by 2.

Diametral Pitch - (D.P.) Number of teeth in a gear having Tight Mesh T.D. Master Gear
one inch pitch diameter. Ex.: A gear having 48 teeth and a 1”
T.D. = 2 X ( Center Distance
-
2 )
pitch diameter is a 48 diametral pitch. Module (M) A measurement of gear tooth size obtained by
Number of Teeth - (N) dividing the pitch diameter, in mm, by the number of teeth.

Outside Diameter - (O.D.) Diameter measuring on tops

of teeth.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Rules and Formula for Standard Full Depth Spur Gears

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Explanation of Class “C” Backlash
Many designers tend to use tolerances much tighter than necessary to “play safe” in obtaining final backlash tolerance.
It is obvious that this is a very costly procedure, and not very realistic. There is not much use in paying for quality 12 or 14 gears
if quality 10 will do the job just as well. Of course, there will be times where output backlash tolerances will require the use of
more precise gears, but, their use will be justified.
You will notice that none of the gears in this catalog will show a pitch diameter tolerance. The pitch diameter is theoretical, and
therefore, should not be toleranced. Tolerancing of pitch diameter will usually cause binding between mating gears at one or
more points which results in excessive tooth wear on gears, improper lubrication, distortion of shafts, and overload of bearings.
Naturally these conditions have detrimental effects, and the life and accuracy of the unit is impaired.
Instead, the common practice is to use a letter, A, B, C or D, as shown on the following tables. This letter, along with the quality
class numbers and diametral pitch, are used to make the “center distance inspection” as outlined further. With this method there
is no possibility of interference between mating gears at standard center distance. Of course, the center distance tolerance will
increase or decrease backlash values depending on whether they are plus or minus. Our gears are all cut to class “C” backlash
in quality 10 and 20Þ pressure angles.

Standard AGMA Center Distance Inspection Procedure

The following shows the excursion of an indicating device when checking the total composite error and size of a gear on a
variable center distance fixture, with a master of known accuracy.
It is therefore recommended that the tolerances for tooth thickness shown in Table D be used in conjunction with pin
measurements in order to obtain closer correlation with a size determination made by means of a master gear.
Column 1 gives the quality class. Column 2 gives the diametral pitch range for backlash values shown in column 8. Column 3
gives the backlash values for two gears of equal tooth thickness derived from column 8. Column 4 shows the total composite
error for each of the classes shown in column 1.
Column 5 shows the minimum reduction on standard tooth thickness. This value is obtained by adding one half of the minimum
value of column 2 (which gives the tooth thickness reduction per gear) to one half of the total composite error converted from a
radial displacement to an equivalent tooth thickness. This is accomplished by multiplying the radial displacement to an equivalent
tooth thickness. This is accomplished by multiplying the radial displacement by 2 Tan x of operating pressure angle.
Column 6 gives the maximum deduction in standard tooth thickness obtained in a similar manner.
Column 7 gives the maximum indicator reading which is obtained by converting the values in column 5 to radial displacements
and subtracting from them one half of the total composite error shown in column 4.
Column 8 gives the minimum indicator reading. This is obtained by converting the values in column 6 to radial displacements
and adding one half of the total composite error.
The values in columns 5 and 6 are taken through the middle of the total composite error and are therefore in closer agreement
with a determination of tooth thickness made by means of pins which ignore tooth to tooth error and runout.
The foregoing procedure, along with the accompanying tables, is the method used to check all W.M. Berg, Inc. precision gears.
We have found this method, which takes into consideration most problems commonly encountered in gear train design (such
as; bind, backlash, center distance tolerance, runout, composite error, etc.) to be the one which gives the most realistic results.
Of course, it does not take into account, fits of gears, shafts and bearings, these problems are dealt with later on in this section
under “recommended practices”. All setups on gear checking fixtures are set up with “certified” master gears, and class “xx”
accuracy carbide measuring wires are used.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
20º Pressure Angle Tables
Class C Backlash

Typical Inspection Tape for A 48 D.P., 20Þ P.A. Quality 10C Gear

Recommended Practices
When determining materials, it is usually preferable to have the pinions of stainless steel and the mating gear made of aluminum.
The fact is the pinion usually rotates through more cycles, therefore, the tooth wear is greater on the pinion. Meshing stainless
steel pinion with an aluminum gear tends to minimize this wear.
The face widths of pinions are usually wider than face widths of mating gears to insure full face contact without critical adjustment.
Where minimum backlash is a factor, it is important that fits between the bore of gears, inside diameter of bearings, and the
outside diameter of shafting be held as close as possible. The accuracy of precision gears is lost unless these fits are held
closely. This means that a form of selective fitting must be used, because it is too costly, if not impossible to hold tolerances
that will allow perfect fit assembly. The extent of this selective fitting is determined by the accuracy requirements of the finished
assembly.

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
(continued from previous page)

Factors which control backlash are:

1. Precision class of gears.
2. Center distance tolerance.
3. Type of fit between gears, shafts and bearings.
4. Precision accuracy of bearings.
5. Straightness and adequate support of shafts.
It is important when drilling gears to shafts that the shafts be properly supported. Failure to do so can result in bending shafts
with the resultant runout conditions.
Note: Gears with 14 1/2Þ pressure angle will not mesh properly with gears of 20Þ pressure angle.
It is imperative that the gears are not damaged in handling. Our gears are packaged to avoid handling damage. If they can be left
in this package until used the danger should be minimized. If they are removed they should be put on tote boards and covered
to prevent gears from contacting each other, and to keep them clean.

Gear Train Design

The following section deals with backlash which we believe is one of the basic problems in designing fine pitch gear trains.
Backlash in mating gears or in a gear train can be broken down into three basic factors.
The quality class of the gears, i.e. quality 10, 12 or 14 (former precision standards 1, 2 or 3): the letter which designates backlash,
i.e. “C” and the center distance and tolerance on which these gears operate. This section will cover AGMA type precision fine
pitch gears. AGMA is an acronym for the “American Gear Manufactures Association” who publish standards which are the
recognized and accepted gear standards throughout the country.
Berg precision stock gears are manufactured to AGMA classes, quality 10C, unless otherwise specified.
The following section is divided into two parts, the first dealing with backlash calculations of the non-critical gear trains, the
second with backlash calculations of critical gear trains.
The accepted definition of the term backlash is “ the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the tooth thickness of
the engaging tooth on the pitch circles.” At first glance this meaning might lead us to think that backlash is a function of the gear
cutting operation only. Actually, the teeth of a gear contribute but very little to its overall backlash value.
A complete understanding of all the elements that induce backlash is mandatory in order to properly and economically design a
gear train. The following factors must be individually considered for their own parameter:
1. Standard Center Distance
2. Center Distance Tolerance
3. Size and Tolerance of Mating Gears
4. Total Composite Error of Gears
5. Fits Between Bores, Shafts and Bearings
6. Bearing Accuracy
7. Radial Play of Bearing
8. Shaft Straightness and Alignment
9. Fits Between Electrical and/or Mechanical Component Pilot Diameters and Housing Bores
10. Eccentricity and Radial Play of Electrical and/or Mechanical Component Shafts

Each of the foregoing, except standard center distance, tend to induce a “change in the center distance” which will push together
or pull apart mating gears. Consequently, this push pull action produces two backlash values, minimum at the point of tightest
mesh and maximum at the point of loosest mesh.

Standard Center Distance

Standard center distance can be considered the starting point in the calculation of overall backlash values. Standard (theoretical)
center distance is calculated by taking one-half (1/2) the sum of the (theoretical) pitch diameters of mating gears.

P.D.1 + P.D.2
Example: C.D. =
2

Two gears having theoretical P.D.s of one inch (1") and two inches (2") respectively have a standard center distance of:

1" + 2"
C.D. = = 1,500 C.D.
2

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Center Distance Tolerance
The problem of center distance and its tolerance is usually and extremely important area for consideration. It is important to
remember that the minimum and maximum backlash values between mating gears, as outlined in the previous tables are based
on “standard” center distance mountings. Obviously then, if the center distance is in excess of the standard value, backlash
will be increased. By the same token, if the C.D. is less than standard backlash will be decreased. However, caution must be
exercised to avoid interference between mating gears as a result of this decrease.
Table E
The relationship of “change in center distance” which can be positive or negative
depending upon C.D. tolerance, to backlash is expressed by the formula:
B = 2 Tanø x DC (1)
In which:
B = backlash in inches
ø = pressure angle
DC = difference between standard (theoretical) and actual center distance
Examples:
(tan 20Þ = .36397)
1) Standard centers + .001 tolerance
B = 2 tan 20Þ x DC
B = 72794 x .001 = + .00073 backlash
2) Standard centers - .0005 tolerance
B = 2 tan 20Þ x DC
B = .72794 x .0005 = -.00036 backlash

Backlash calculations can be divided into two categories:

1. Systems where backlash is not critical.
2. Systems where backlash is critical and exact totals must be known.
Section 1 - Backlash Calculations for Non-Critical Gear Trains
Let us set up two test problems falling into the non-critical category. These two problems will deal with items 2, 3 and 4 as
previously specified and as they collectively contribute the greatest amount of change in center distance.
1. Two mating gears, 96 D.P. -20Þ P.A. having standard centers with A + .001 -.000 tolerance.
Step A - R eferring to BERG quality 10 gears yield a maximum of .0015 backlash at standard centers.
Step B - With an actual center distance .001 greater than standard, an additional .0073 backlash is introduced. (See
Table E)
Step C - The total probable maximum backlash would be .0015 + .00073 = .00223
2. A
 gain two mating gears, 96 D.P. -20Þ P.A. must have no more than .0015 backlash measured at the loosest point of mesh.
(See Table D)
Step A - R
 eferring to BERG quality 10C gears yield a maximum of .0015 backlash at standard centers.
Step B - A
 ctual center distance .0005 greater than standard yields an additional .00036 backlash.
Step C - T
 he total probable backlash would be .0015 + .00036 = .008186 or .00036 above limit.
One solution at this point would be to use BERG quality 12C gears with the same center distance and tolerance. Again we find
that the maximum backlash for quality 12C gears is .00109 and the center distance tolerance results in an additional .00036 for
a total of .00145 or .00005 below limit.
Another means of overcoming this problem would be to incorporate anti-backlash or spring loaded gears. When this type of gear
is used, center distance tolerance can be increased thereby reducing the cost of machining the housing. The increase in center
distance when using anti-backlash gears should not exceed oz./D.P.
Before deciding on either of these two possibilities, let us see what can be done using BERG quality 10C gears.
Referring to the minimum backlash value we have .0008. This indicates that there is a minimum of .0011 clearance (see Table
E). Now, because the center distance was dimensioned +.0000/-.0005 minimum backlash would be reduced to .00036 and the
maximum could still be .00109 or .0045 below the limit, using BERG gears. .00044

Section 2 - Backlash Critical Gear Trains

If the above section does not pinpoint the amount for backlash that your system will possess accurately enough for you then
there are many steps that can be employed during the manufacturing process that can limit the amount of backlash in a gear
train. These include cutting gears to class “D” or “E” backlash, and/or AGMA Quality 12 or 14.
If backlash is critical and BERG anti-backlash gears will not suffice, consult W.M. Berg, Inc. Engineering Department for how
these changes will influence backlash.­

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Procedure for Inspection of Fine Pitch Gears.
There has been much discussion and confusion regarding the center distance method of testing fine pitch gears. W.M. Berg, Inc.
center distance method of testing uses the limits and tolerances as outlined in AGMA standards.
Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams showing the basic requirements for making a center distance check. The diagrams are
not to be interpreted as a recommended or suggested means of construction.
In order to make this check the following items are required.
1. Rolling Fixture.
A. This fixture must incorporate provisions for accurately mounting both the master and the gear to be tested.
B. A means of accurately adjusting the weights to the correct testing pressure.
2. Master Gear
A. With a maximum total composite error of .0001 and a standard pitch diameter of ± .0001 tolerance over wires.
3. Hardened or ground pins or carbide lapped pins (preferred) for mounting both the master and gear to be inspected.
Lets assume that we wish to inspect a gear having the following characteristics:
64 Diametral Pitch
20 Degree Pressure Angle
.2500 +.0000/-.0002 Bore
80 Teeth
1.2500 Theoretical Pitch Diameter
AGMA Class 12 C
We first select the proper master gear and correct size carbide gage pin to fit this master. Since the masters we use have a .5000"
+.0001 bore, we use a lapped pin of .4995 diameter to assure free movement without wobble.
-.0000

We follow the same procedure in selecting a pin on which to mount the gear to be inspected. In this case the lapped pin diameter
would be .24975.
The studs or pins are then mounted on the rolling fixture and caution is used to assure parallelism between the studs after
mounting.
We next set our rolling fixture to the proper testing pressure which in the case of 64 C.P. is 12 ounces, per gear standards. The
testing pressure is an important factor in the rolling check to assure uniform pressure and correct mesh during the entire test.
The rolling fixture must now be set to the proper center distance by the uses of “jo-blocks”. The master gear we are using has a
pitch diameter of 1.5000 and the gear to be inspected has a theoretical pitch diameter of 1.2500. These two pitch diameters are
added together and divided by two. This gives us a figure of 1.375. We then add together and divide by two the pin diameters on
which the master gear and the test gear (.49995 + .24975 respectively) are mounted. This gives us a figure of .3749. The figure
is subtracted from the 1.375 figure to arrive at our “jo-block” setting of 1.001".
While holding the “jo-blocks” between the two studs or pins on the rolling fixture, the dial indicator is set to zero. This setting is
the nominal or (set up) center distance and is made under the “testing pressure”. All gears being tested must read to the minus
side of the indicator otherwise interference between mating gears, with a standard distance, may result at assembly.
Because the gear to be tested is 64 diametral pitch AGMA quality 12C we refer to our data section to obtain the dial indicators
limits.
We find in column 7 that the maximum limit is -.0005 and in column 8 the minimum is -.0015. Please note that all figures given
are minus values. Theses limits can never be exceeded or the gears will not be in tolerance.
Figure 2 shows these limits as seen on a dial indicator as well as how they would be recorded on a paper chart. For the sake of
clarity, however, we have not drawn the .0001” graduation lines across the chart.
It must be remembered that although our dial limits have a range of from -.0005 to -.0015 the total composite
error of an AGMA 12C gear is .0005 as shown in column 4. This means, therefore, that our dial fluctuation
cannot exceed .0005 within the -.0005 to -.0015 dial limit range. Should the pointer movement not exceed the
.0005 maximum total composite error, the gear would be an AGMA quality 10C. This is true even though the
gear is within the dial limits on a quality 12C.

Figure 1, shows the limits for AGMA quality 10C gear. The same procedure as used to test for 12C is followed. It must be
remembered, however that the dial indicator limits and the total composite error are greater. (Refer to previous page for limits.)

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Measuring and Checking Forces
When making measurement-over-wire measurements or when checking the gears on a variable-center-distance device, the
amount of force applied to the measuring wires or applied to maintain intimate contact between the gear to be checked and the
master gear shall be as listed in the table below.

Inch

Figure 1 - AGMA Quality 10C Chart

Figure 2 - AGMA Quality 12C Chart

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 GEAR REFERENCE GUIDE
Inertia of Gears
To obtain the inertia of 1/8 face width
aluminum gears, read directly from graph
at right.

Inch

Diameter of Gear Disc in inches

To obtain the inertia of gears with other face and/or made of stainless steel read from the graph at the given diameter then
multiply by the appropriate factor.

Example: 2
 " Diameter - 1/4" Face Stainless Steel Gear
From Graph 2" Dia. is 56 gm cm2
56 x 2.0 x 2.82 = 318 gm cm2

Inertia of Gear Clamps

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 TABLE OF PITCH DIAMETERS
6 TO 53 TEETH

To find Outside Diameter add 2 teeth.

Theoretical P.D.s only.   All gears cut to AGMA Standards.
N = Number of Teeth   Applies to Spur & Bevel Gears Only - Not to Helical Gears.

DIAMETRAL PITCH
N 16 20 24 1/10 32 48 1/20 64 72 80 96 100 120 N
6 .3750 .3000 .2500 .1909 .1875 .1250 .0954 .0937 .0833 .0750 .0625 .0600 .0500 6
7 .4375 .3500 .2916 .2228 .2187 .1458 .1114 .1093 .0972 .0875 .0729 .0700 .0583 7
8 .5000 .4000 .3333 .2546 .2500 .1666 .1273 .1250 .1111 .1000 .0833 .0800 .0666 8
9 .5625 .4500 .3750 .2864 .2812 .1875 .1432 .1406 .1250 .1125 .0937 .0900 .0750 9
10 .6250 .5000 .4166 .3183 .3125 .2083 .1591 .1562 .1388 .1250 .1041 .1000 .0833 10
11 .6875 .5500 .4583 .3501 .3437 .2291 .1750 .1718 .1527 .1375 .1145 .1100 .0916 11
12 .7500 .6000 .5000 .3819 .3750 .2500 .1909 .1875 .1666 .1500 .1250 .1200 .1000 12
13 .8125 .6500 .5416 .4138 .4062 .2708 .2069 .2031 .1805 .1625 .1354 .1300 .1083 13
14 .8750 .7000 .5833 .4456 .4375 .2916 .2228 .2187 .1944 .1750 .1458 .1400 .1166 14
15 .9375 .7500 .6250 .4774 .4687 .3125 .2387 .2343 .2083 .1875 .1562 .1500 .1250 15
16 1.0000 .8000 .6666 .5092 .5000 .3333 .2546 .2500 .2222 .2000 .1666 .1600 .1333 16
17 1.0625 .8500 .7083 .5411 .5312 .3541 .2705 .2656 .2361 .2125 .1770 .1700 .1416 17
18 1.1250 .9000 .7500 .5729 .5625 .3750 .2864 .2812 .2500 .2250 .1875 .1800 .1500 18
19 1.1875 .9500 .7916 .6047 .5937 .3958 .3023 .2968 .2638 .2375 .1979 .1900 .1583 19
20 1.2500 1.0000 .8333 .6366 .6250 .4166 .3183 .3125 .2777 .2500 .2083 .2000 .1666 20
21 1.3125 1.0500 .8750 .6684 .6562 .4375 .3342 .3281 .2916 .2625 .2187 .2100 .1750 21
22 1.3750 1.1000 .9166 .7002 .6875 .4583 .3501 .3437 .3055 .2750 .2291 .2200 .1833 22
23 1.4375 1.1500 .9583 .7321 .7187 .4791 .3660 .3593 .3194 .2875 .2395 .2300 .1916 23
24 1.5000 1.2000 1.0000 .7639 .7500 .5000 .3819 .3750 .3333 .3000 .2500 .2400 .2000 24
25 1.5625 1.2500 1.0416 .7957 .7812 .5208 .3978 .3906 .3472 .3125 .2604 .2500 .2083 25
26 1.6250 1.3000 1.0833 .8276 .8125 .5416 .4138 .4062 .3611 .3250 .2708 .2600 .2166 26
27 1.6875 1.3500 1.1250 .8594 .8437 .5625 .4297 .4218 .3750 .3375 .2812 .2700 .2250 27
28 1.7500 1.4000 1.1666 .8912 .8750 .5833 .4456 .4375 .3888 .3500 .2916 .2800 .2333 28
29 1.8125 1.4500 1.2083 .9230 .9062 .6041 .4615 .4531 .4027 .3625 .3020 .2900 .2416 29
30 1.8750 1.5000 1.2500 .9549 .9375 .6250 .4774 .4687 .4166 .3750 .3125 .3000 .2500 30
31 1.9375 1.5500 1.2916 .9867 .9687 .6458 .4933 .4843 .4305 .3875 .3229 .3100 .2583 31
32 2.0000 1.6000 1.3333 1.0185 1.0000 .6666 .5092 .5000 .4444 .4000 .3333 .3200 .2666 32
33 2.0625 1.6500 1.3750 1.0504 1.0312 .6875 .5252 .5156 .4583 .4125 .3437 .3300 .2750 33
34 2.1250 1.7000 1.4166 1.0822 1.0625 .7083 .5411 .5312 .4722 .4250 .3541 .3400 2833 34
35 2.1875 1.7500 1.4583 1.1140 1.0937 .7291 .5570 .5468 .4861 .4375 .3654 .3500 .2916 35
36 2.2500 1.8000 1.5000 1.1459 1.1250 .7500 .5729 .5625 .5000 .4500 .3750 .3600 .3000 36
37 2.3125 1.8500 1.5416 1.1777 1.1562 .7708 .5888 .5781 .5138 .4625 .3854 .3700 .3083 37
38 2.3750 1.9000 1.5833 1.2095 1.1875 .7916 .6047 .5937 .5277 .4750 .3958 .3800 .3166 38
39 2.4375 1.9500 1.6250 1.2414 1.2187 .8125 .6207 .6093 .5416 .4875 .4062 .3900 .3250 39
40 2.5000 2.0000 1.6666 1.2732 1.2500 .8333 .6366 .6250 .5555 .5000 .4166 .4000 .3333 40
41 2.5625 2.0500 1.7083 1.3050 1.2812 .8541 .6525 .6406 .5694 .5125 .4270 .4100 .3416 41
42 2.6250 2.1000 1.7500 1.3369 1.3125 .8750 .6684 .6562 .5833 .5250 .4375 .4200 .3500 42
43 2.6875 2.1500 1.7916 1.3687 1.3437 .8958 .6843 .6718 .5972 .5375 .4479 .4300 .3583 43
44 2.7500 2.2000 1.8333 1.4005 1.3750 .9166 .7002 .6875 .6111 .5500 .4583 .4400 .3666 44
45 2.8125 2.2500 1.8750 1.4323 1.4062 .9375 .7161 .7031 .6250 .5625 .4687 .4500 .3750 45
46 2.8750 2.3000 1.9166 1.4642 1.4375 .9583 .7321 .7187 .6388 .5750 .4791 .4600 .3833 46
47 2.9375 2.3500 1.9583 1.4960 1.4687 .9791 .7480 .7343 .6527 .5875 .4895 .4700 .3916 47
48 3.0000 2.4000 2.0000 1.5278 1.5000 1.0000 .7639 .7500 .6666 .6000 .5000 .4800 .4000 48
49 3.0625 2.4500 2.0416 1.5597 1.5312 1.0208 .7798 .7656 .6805 .6125 .5104 .4900 .4083 49
50 3.1250 2.5000 2.0833 1.5915 1.5625 1.0416 .7957 .7812 .6944 .6250 .5208 .5000 .4166 50
51 3.1875 2.5500 2.1250 1.6233 1.5937 1.0625 .8116 .7968 .7083 .6375 .5312 .5100 .4250 51
52 3.2500 2.6000 2.1666 1.6552 1.6250 1.0833 .8276 .8125 .7222 .6500 .5416 .5200 .4333 52
53 3.3125 2.6500 2.2083 1.6870 1.6562 1.1041 .8435 .8281 .7361 .6625 .5520 .5300 .4416 53

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 TABLE OF PITCH DIAMETERS
54 TO 101 TEETH

To find Outside Diameter add 2 teeth.

Theoretical P.D.s only.   All gears cut to AGMA Standards.
N = Number of Teeth   Applies to Spur & Bevel Gears Only - Not to Helical Gears.

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 TABLE OF PITCH DIAMETERS
102 TO 149 TEETH

To find Outside Diameter add 2 teeth.

Theoretical P.D.s only.   All gears cut to AGMA Standards.
N = Number of Teeth   Applies to Spur & Bevel Gears Only - Not to Helical Gears.

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 TABLE OF PITCH DIAMETERS
150 TO 197 TEETH

To find Outside Diameter add 2 teeth.

Theoretical P.D.s only.   All gears cut to AGMA Standards.
N = Number of Teeth   Applies to Spur & Bevel Gears Only - Not to Helical Gears.

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 GEAR WEAR & LUBRICATION
Wear
Another factor to consider in the successful design of a gear train is tooth surface wear. It can take on many forms but always
leads to reduced accuracy and loss of smooth operation. Wear can eventually cause enough deterioration to introduce dynamic
forces that are strong enough to break or bend gear teeth.
The most common types of wear are Pitting, Scuffing and Scoring:
Pitting is caused by localized metal fatigue on the surface of the gear. Microscopic cracks are forced to propagate which causes
small metal chunks to break off. The best ways to avoid this are:
- reduce contact stress
- use hardened gears
- use proper lubrication
Scuffing is caused by small surface irregularities that can rub each other as gear teeth come into and out of mesh. It is caused
by the plastic deformation of microscopic surface protrusion. The best ways to avoid scuffing are:
- use gears that are cut to a high quality surface finish
- “run in” with 1/2 load for the first 10 hours
- use proper lubrication at all times
Scoring is caused by small particles in the lubrication that get caught in the meshing teeth. This causes scratches that can
extend from the roof to the tip. These can be quite deep. The best ways to avoid scoring are:
- proper high quality lubrication
- change the lubrication after the “run in” period
- change or filter the lubrication as needed

Lubrication
Using the proper lubrication can extend the life of your gear train by a factor of 4 or more. The lubrication will form a thin layer
between the teeth in contact. This will reduce all types of tooth wear which will keep your gear running smoothly. This is especially
important with Worm Gear Sets and Helical Gear Sets as these types of gears operate with more of a sliding motion than a
rolling motion (as in spur gears).
There are many lubrications that work extremely well with gear sets. The one you choose depends on your application.
For lightly loaded, low speed systems, a light coating of grease can be brushed on during assembly. The grease will not fly oil or
overheat, and should be replaced regularly to ensure optimal life.
For higher speed systems, an oil bath is recommended. Oil is more effective than other lubrications at dissipating heat. The
gears will always be in contact with the oil, so flying off is not a problem. The oil should be replaced after the “run in” period and
regularly thereafter.
Many other lubricants exist for applications in which oil and greases could present a problem. They vary greatly in price, durability,
thickness consistency and lubricity. For low torque and low speed systems where dry running is essential, you might make use of
plastic gears against a metal pinion. Generally, this offers a low enough co-efficient of friction to ensure long life.

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 GEAR MOUNTING
There are several ways to mount a gear to a shaft. The method you choose will depend on your application. Berg supplies gears
that will accommodate a variety of mounting methods. Our Pin Hub gears can be mounted in three ways:
1. We suggest using the set screw to secure the gear in the proper location an then using the spot drill to drill through the hub
and shaft. Then the gear can be mounted with any one of a variety of pins (Berg carries a full line of pins.)
2. For light load applications you can rely solely on the set screw. This works best if the shaft is a relatively soft material so that
the screw can form its own seat.
3. For precision applications a light press fit could be appropriate. This would insure good concentricity between the gear, shaft
and indirectly, the bearings. You must take precaution not to damage the gear during the press procedure.
Formula for Press Fit
emaxE d 2 eminE d 2
Pmax = (1- ( ) ) Pmax = (1- ( ) )
2d D 2d D

T = 1/2 p fPmin ld2

P = unit pressure of Max. or Min. interfering surfaces (psi)
T = Torque required to slip (in lbs.)
e = Max. or Min. Interference (in.)
E = Modulus of elasticity of the softer material (psi) See Table C (Page 24)
d = Shaft diameter (in.)
D = Hub Diameter (in.)
f = Coefficient of static friction (approximately 0.1 -0.15)
l = Length of fit (in.)
(Machine Elements In Mechanical Design by Robert L. Mott)

It is important to keep the maximum interfering pressure less than the yield strength in order for these formulae to remain valid. A
good rule of thumb is for each 1" of diameter the interfering distance (e) should be about .001". This number tends to get smaller
as d gets larger. (Example: for 3" diameter, use an allowance of approximately .0025".)
Our Clamp Hub Gears allow you to securely mount a gear with the ability to reposition it as required. Consult pages I 9 thru I 12
to determine which clamp of our large variety will work best with your gear selection.

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 BEARING TOLERANCES
The Annular Bearing Engineers Committee (ABEC) has established standards that divide precision ball bearings into quality
classes. For most applications ABEC 1 or ABEC 3 bearings will offer significant accuracy. But, there are times when highly
precise position is required. In these applications ABEC 5 or ABEC 7 bearings should be specified.
This page refers to ABEC tolerances that affect the mounting dimensions of ball bearings. The following page discusses
tolerances that influence the operation of the bearings.

Outer Ring Tolerances

Inner Ring Tolerances

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 BEARING TOLERANCES
The following tolerances illustrate the differences between ABEC quality classes that could affect the performance of your
assembly. These tolerances should be strongly considered if a high precision gear train is your goal.

Outer Ring Tolerances

Inner Ring Tolerances

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 METRIC CONVERSIONS & QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

GEARS CONVERSION FACTORS

39.37 INCHES/METER 14.223 LBS/IN
2
BERG
AGMA DIN 0.3937 INCHES/CM KG/CM2
QUALITY
390.03 SPECIFICATIONS 0.03937 INCHES/mm 1.4503 X 104 PSI/Pascal
CLASS
QA 4 12 3.2808 FT/M 5.71 X 103 LBS/IN
QD 7 10 1 X 106 METERS/MICRON N/M
QE 8 9
1 X 103 mm/MICRON 8.85 LBS-INCHES
QF 9 8
2.2046 LBS/KG N-M
QG 10 7
QJ 12 5 2.204 X 103 LBS/GM 0.0885 LBS-INCHES
QM 14 3 3.527 X 102 OZ/GM N-CM
0.0108 OZ/FT 1.416 OZ-INCHES
GM/M N-CM
BEARINGS
0.2248 LBS/N 0.0338 OZ/CC
BERG 0.102 KG/N 5.4668 X 103 OZ-IN2/GM-CM3
AGMA ISO 492
QUALITY
ABEC SPECIFICATIONS
CLASS
QU 5 CLASS 5
QW 7 CLASS 4

AGMA - American Gear Manufacturers Association

DIN - Deutsches Instit fur Normung
AFBNA - Anti Friction Bearings Manufacturers Association
ABEC - Annular Bearing Engineering Committee
ISO - International Organization for Standardization

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 DRILL & TAP REFERENCE DATA

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 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Table C
Mechanical Properties (Machine Design in Mechanical Design - Robert L. Mott)

Endurance
Hardness Tension Tensile Yield Shear
MATERIAL Limit
(Rockwell) Modulus (E) Strength Strength Strength

303
B75-90 28 X 106 PSI 90 X 103 PSI 35 X 103 PSI 75 X 103 PSI 35 X 103 PSI
Stainless Steel
17-4 PH
C28-35 28.5 X 106 PSI 150 X 103 PSI 125 X 103 PSI 83 X 103 PSI 90 X 103 PSI
Stainless Steel
416
C26-36 29 X 106 PSI 75 X 103 PSI 40X 103 PSI 75 X 103 PSI 40 X 103 PSI
Stainless Steel
416 Stainless
C36-42 29 X 106 PSI 135 X 103 PSI 105 X 103 PSI 75 X 103 PSI 40 X 103 PSI
Steel - Hardened
12 L14
B75-90 30 X 106 PSI 78 X 103 PSI 60 X 103 PSI 50 X 103 PSI –
Steel
2024T4
– 10.6 X 106 PSI 68 X 103 PSI 47 X 103 PSI 40 X 103 PSI –
Aluminum
464
– 18 X 106 PSI 57 X 103 PSI 25 X 103 PSI 40 X 103 PSI –
Brass Alloy
360
– 14 X 106 PSI 49 X 103 PSI 18 X 103 PSI 30 X 103 PSI –
Brass Alloy

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 MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS & MANUFACTURING
TOLERANCES

MATERIAL FINISH
MATERIAL MIL. or FED. BERG FINISH MIL. FINISH USED ON
DESIGNATION SPECIFICATION DESIGNATION SPECIFICATION
303 STAINLESS STEEL ASTM A484
— QQ-P-35 GEARS, SHAFTS
(BAR) ASTM A582
302 STAINLESS STEEL MIL-W-6713 SPRINGS, RETAINER
— QQ-P-35
(Spring Temp.) Comp. B RINGS
416 STAINLESS STEEL ASTM A484 RACKS-HEAT
— QQ-P-35
(BAR) ASTM A582 TREATABLE
440 STAINLESS STEEL QQ-S-763/C BALL BEARINGS
CLEAR PASSIVATE QQ-P-35
(BAR) Class 10 Type A (Hardened)
2024 ALUMINUM QQ-A-225/6 CHROMIC ACID MIL-A-8625 GEARS, HANGERS,
(BAR) Cond. T4 ANODIZED Type 1 ETC.
2024 ALUMINUM QQ-A-268 MIL-A-8625
BLACK ANODIZED DIALS
(SHEET) Cond. T4 Type 11
108 ALUMINUM QQ-A-601 CHROMIC ACID OR MIL-A-8625 BREADBOARD
(CAST) Comp. 8 Cond. T55 BLACK ANODIZED Type 1 + Type 11 COMPONENT
BRONZE QQ-B-637
— — WORM WHEELS
(NAVAL BRASS) Alloy 464
BRASS-POROUS MIL-B-5687 LUBRICATED WITH
— BEARINGS
(OIL LESS) Type 1 Comp. A S.A.E. 40 OIL
BRASS MIL-S-22499
— — SHIMS
(LAMINATED) Comp. 2CL.1
BERYLLIUM
MIL-C-6942 — — RETAINER RINGS
COPPER
MIL-M-20693
NYLON — — GEARS
Type 1 Comp. A
GEARS, ROLLERS,
POLYURETHANE — — —
BRG’S
PLEXIGLASS MIL-P-5425
— — DIAL INDEX’S
(CLEAR) Finish A
STAINLESS STEEL
MIL-W-83420 — — BELTS & CHAINS
CABLE
GALVANIZED ST
MIL-C-1511A-4 GALVANIZED — —
CABLE
GEARS & BEARINGS
OIL MIL-L-6085 — —
-65°F TO +250°F
GEARS & BEARINGS
GREASE MIL-G-23827 — —
-65°F TO +250°F

Manufacturing Tolerances: (Unless otherwise specified)

Fractional ± 1/32
2 Place Decimal ± 1/64
3 Place Decimal ± .010
4 Place Decimal ± .001
Note: Certification for materials and finishes are available on request - charges may apply.

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 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

STAINLESS STEEL
AISI; AA DIN Specs U.S. Specs UNS ISO
Material Designation
303 Stainless Steel Rockwell B75-B90 1.4305 MIL-S-862 S30300 –
302 Stainless Steel (18-8) 1.4300 MIL-S-862 S30200 –
302 Stainless Steel - Spring Temper – MIL-W-6713 – –
17-7PH Rockwell C38-C44 – – S17700 –
17-4PH Rockwell C32-C38 – – S17400 –
416 Rockwell C26 to C36 1.4005 MIL-S-862 S41600 –
416 Rockwell C36 to C42 – – – –
410 Stainless Steel 1.4006 MIL-S-862 S41000 –
440 Stainless Steel 1.4112 MIL-S-763 S41003 –
420 Stainless Steel 1.4021 MIL-S-862 S42000 –
301 Stainless Steel 1.4310 MIL-S-5059 S30100 –
304 Stainless Steel 1.4301 MIL-S-862 S30400 –
316 Stainless Steel, Sintered – – – –
316 Stainless Steel, Sintered 1.4401 MIL-S-5059 S31600 –
NON-FERROUS METALS
2024 T4 Aluminum 3.1355 – – AICu4MgI
2024 T351 Aluminum – – – –
6063 T5 Aluminum 3.3206 – – AIMgSi
6061 T6 Aluminum – – – AIMgISiCu
Phosphor Bronze – – C50500 –
Bronze, Sintered – MIL-B-5687 – –
Brass, Naval, Alloy 464 – QQ-B-637 C46200 –
713.0 Aluminum Casting, Tenzaloy – – – –
Zinc Alloy B86, AG40A (Zamak-3) – – – –
Beryllium Copper – MIL-C-6942 – –
STEEL
52100 Chrome Steel, Rockwell 062-C66 1.3505 MIL-S-980 G52986 –
12L14 Steel 1.0718 – G12144 –
4140 Steel, Rockwell C48-C52 – – G41400 –
1095 Steel – – G10750 –
1060 Steel Rockwell C60-C63 1.0601 MIL-S-16974 G10600 –
8620 Steel 1.6523 MIL-S-16974 G86200 –
PLASTIC
Polyacetal
Polyacetal, with lubricant fibers
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate, Glass filled-10%, Black

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 INDEX
60° V-BELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A209 COLLARS
60° V-BELT PULLEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A212 - A214 SET SCREW COLLARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 14 - I 15
60° V-BELT CORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A215. PLASTIC ROD STOCKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 16
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A226
COUPLINGS
ADJUSTABLE CAM ASSEMBLIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 18 GUIDE FOR COUPLING SELECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 2
TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 2
THIN WALL COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 3 - G 6
AIRCRAFT CABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A92
POLYURETHANE COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 7
SIX BEAM FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 8 - G 13
ANTI-BACKLASH GEARS THREE BEAM FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 14 - G 17
PIN HUB - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 35 - B 36 SINGLE BEAM FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 18 - G 19
PIN HUB - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 65 - B 67 ABSORBATHANE FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 20
PIN HUB - 48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 96 - B 101 NEO-FLEX COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 21 - G 22
PIN HUB - 64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 134 - B 140 SLEEVE COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 23
PIN HUB - 72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 162 - B 163, B 165 - B 167 SPIDER COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 24
PIN HUB - 96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 191 - B 193, B 195 MULTI-JAW COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 25
CLAMP HUB - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 44 BELLOWS COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 26 - G 28
CLAMP HUB - 24 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 36 - B 37 OLDHAM COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 29 - G 32
CLAMP HUB - 32 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 68 - B 69 UNIVERSAL LATERAL COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 33 - G 34
CLAMP HUB - 48 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 102 - B 107
CLAMP HUB - 64 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 141 - B 147
DIALS
CLAMP HUB - 72 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 169 - B 173
DIAL CLAMPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 2
CLAMP HUB - 96 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 196 - B 201
DRUM DIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 3 - D 4
FLAT DIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 5
ANTI-BACKLASH PINIONS ENGRAVED FLAT DISKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D 6
PIN HUB - 72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 164 FLAT DIAL INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D 7
PIN HUB - 96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 190, B 194 DRUM DIAL INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 7
CLAMP HUB - 72 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 168 ENGRAVED INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 8

ANTI-BACKLASH WORM GEARS FIBER CABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A93

48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 229 - B 234
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 239 - B 244
FLEX-E-BELT® DRIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A17
GEAR DRIVE BELTS
BALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 61
.0982 CIRCULAR PITCH - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A18
.1000 CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A31
BEARINGS .1309 CIRCULAR PITCH - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A38
DYNA-SPEED NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 29
E-Z ENTRY BELT PULLEYS
BALL BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 30 - I 36
.0982 CIRCULAR PITCH - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A19 - A30
ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 37
.1000 CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A32 - A37
OIL-LESS BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 38 - I 41
.1309 CIRCULAR PITCH - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A39 - A40
LONG-LIFE® BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 42
PRECISION BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 43 - I 44 FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A41
DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 44
THERMOPLASTIC BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 45 - I 47 FLEX-E-GEAR® CABLE DRIVE CHAIN SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . A2
REFERENCE CHART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 45 GEAR DRIVE CHAINS
SPHERICAL BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 48 .0982 CIRCULAR PITCH - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3
THERMOPLASTIC SPHERICAL BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 49 .1000 CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A9
THRUST BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 50 .1309 CIRCULAR PITCH - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A12
ROLLER THRUST BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 51 SPROCKET GEARS
.0982 CIRCULAR PITCH - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4 - A8
BEARING SPACERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 60 .1000 CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A10 - A11
.1309 CIRCULAR PITCH - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A13 - A15
BELT TENSIONER GUIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A235 FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A16

BEVEL GEARBOXES FLEX-E-GRIP® TIMING BELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A129

SHAFT SIZE 1/8”, 3/16” & 1/4”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 8 TIMING BELTS
.0816 (XXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/8” WIDTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A131
BUSHINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 3 .200 (XL) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/4” WIDTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A135
.375 (L) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/2” WIDTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A139
CABLE CRIMP BUSHINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A94 .500 (H) CIRCULAR PITCH - 3/4” WIDTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A143
TIMING PULLEYS
CABLE CRIMP TOOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A94 .0816 (XXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A132 - A134
.200 (XL) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A136 - A138
.375 (L) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A140 - A142
CABLE THIMBLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A94
.500 (H) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A144
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A145
CAM FOLLOWERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 16

FLEX-E-PITCH® DRIVE SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A71

CHASSIS HANDLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 66
CHAINS
.1475 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A72
CLAMPS
.250 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A80
SPLIT HUB CLAMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7 - I 11
.375 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A84
SHAFT CLAMPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 12
.500 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A87 - A88
THREADED SHAFT CLAMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 13
CHAIN SPROCKETS
PIN HUB - .1475 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A73 - A77
CLUSTER GEARS & HUBS
PIN HUB - .250 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A81, A83
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 22
PIN HUB - .375 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A86
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 50
PIN HUB - .500 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A90
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 75 - B 76
HUBLESS - .1475 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A78 - A79
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 117 - B 118
HUBLESS - .250 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A82
72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 152 - B 153
HUBLESS - .375 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A85
96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 181
HUBLESS - .500 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A89
120 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 204 - B 205
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A91

1-800-232-BERG 28 WWW.WMBERG.COM
 INDEX
FRICTION DRIVE ROLLERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A233 - A234 LINEAR SLIDES
LINEAR SLIDES TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 7
GEAR BLANKS ULTRA-PRECISION LINEAR BALL SLIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 8
HUBLESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 2 LINEAR BALL SLIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 9
PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 3 - B 4 LINEAR CROSSED ROLLER SLIDES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 10
CLAMP HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 5 RACK DRIVEN BALL SLIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 11
LINEAR TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 12
GEARBOXES - WORM WHEEL & HELICAL GEARS
SPEED REDUCER TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 2 LOCK WASHERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 39

GEAR RACKS MACHINE SCREWS

1/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 113 STAINLESS STEEL MACHINE SCREWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 3 - F 5
1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 42 - B 43 LONG-LOK® & NYLOC® MACHINE SCREWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 6 - F 7
16 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 13 NYLON MACHINE SCREWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 8 - F 9
20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 19
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 33 - B 34 MAX-M-DRIVE® CABLE DRIVE CHAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A146
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 63 - B 64 TIMING BELTS
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 94 - B 95 .080 (MXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/8” & 1/4” WIDTH. . . . . . . A147 - A150
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 132 - B 133 .0816 (XXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/8” & 1/4” WIDTH . . . . . . . A166 - A167
72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 160 - B 161 .200 (XL) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/4” & 3/8” WIDTH. . . . . . . . . . A168 - A169
80 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 178 .375 (L) CIRCULAR PITCH - 1/2” & 3/4” WIDTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A182
96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 188 - B 189 .079 (GT) 2MM CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A187 - A188
120 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 209 .118 (GT) 3MM CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A189 - A190
TIMING PULLEYS
GENEVA MECHANISMS .080 (MXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A151 - A161
SHAFT SIZE 1/4” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 15 .0816 (XXL) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A162 - A165
.200 (XL) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A170 - A181
GROOVED PULLEYS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A227 - A232 .375 (L) CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A183 - A184
.079 (GT) 2 MM CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . A191 - A192, A194
HAND CRANKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 12 .118 (GT) 3 MM CIRCULAR PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . A191, A193, A195
TIMING PULLEY BAR STOCKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A185 - A186
HELICAL GEARS
16 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 211 MIN-E-PITCH® DRIVE SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A42
20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 211 CABLE CHAINS
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 212 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A43
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 212 CHAIN SPROCKETS
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 213 - B 214 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . A44 - A48
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 215 - B 216 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - HUBLESS. . . . . . . . . A49 - A50
SHAFT SIZE 1/8”, 3/16” & 1/4”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C5 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - CLAMP HUB. . . . . . . . . . . A51
DUAL CHAINS
HEX NUTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 36 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A52
BELTS
HIGH PRECISION & PRECISION LEAD SCREWS .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A53
LEAD SCREWS & COMPONENTS TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 2
DOUBLE SPROCKETS
ANTI-BACKLASH LEAD SCREW ASSEMBLIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 3
.15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . A54 - A57
LEAD SCREWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 4
.15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - HUBLESS. . . . . . . . . A58 - A59
LEAD SCREW ASSEMBLIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 5 - E 6
3-D BELTS
.15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A60
HUBS
GEAR, SPROCKET & DIAL ASSEMBLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 3-D PULLEYS
TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - PIN HUB. . . . . . . . . . A61 - A64
GEAR, SPROCKET & DIAL HUBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 3 - I 5 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - HUBLESS. . . . . . . . . A65 - A66
DUAL GEAR HUBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 6 .15708 CIRCULAR PITCH - π/20 PITCH - IDLER. . . . . . . . . . . . A67 - A69
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A70
INLINE COUPLING SLIP CLUTCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 45
MINIATURE MITER GEARBOXES
INTEGRAL SEAL SCREWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 10 - F 11 SHAFT SIZE 1/8” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 7

INTERMITTENT MOTION ASSEMBLIES MINIATURE SLIP CLUTCHES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 49

SHAFT SIZE 1/4” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 14
MINIATURE SYNCRO MOUNT CLAMPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 19
INTERNAL GEARS
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 245 MITER GEARBOXES
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 245 SHAFT SIZE 1/8”, 3/16” & 1/4”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 6
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 246
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 246 O-RING CORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A216
72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 247 O-RING BELTS
96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 247 70A DUROMETER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A217 - A221
120 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 248 90A DUROMETER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A222 - A225
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A226
KNOBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D 13
OLDHAM SLIP COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G 44
KNURLED HAND CRANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 11
OVERRUNNING COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 40
KNURLED HANDWHEELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 9 - D 10

LINEAR BEARINGS
FLANGED TYPE LINEAR BEARINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 13
LINEAR BALL BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 14 - E 15, E 18 - E 19
LINEAR BALL BEARINGS WITH SHAFT WIPERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 16
LINEAR BALL BEARINGS SELF-ALIGNING-BARREL STYLE. . . . . . . . E 17
LINEAR “NO LUBE” BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 20 - E 21
LINEAR BEARING WIPERS - RETAINER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 22

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 INDEX
PINION SHAFTS ROW-L-ER® CHAINS CONT.
1/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 114 SPROCKETS
1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 45 PIN HUB - .1475 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A97 - A102
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 38 PIN HUB - .250 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . A106, A110 - A112, A121 - A122
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 70 PIN HUB - .375 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A115 - A116, A124
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 108 - B 109 PIN HUB - .500 CIRCULAR PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A119, A127
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 148 - B 149 HUBLESS - .1475 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A103 - A104
72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 174 HUBLESS - .250 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A107 - A109
80 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 179 HUBLESS - .375 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A114
96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 202 HUBLESS - .500 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A118
120 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 210 LINK PLATE LUGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A125, A128

PINS SCREW HEADS

TAPER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 44 TECHNICAL DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 2
GROOVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 45
ROLL OR SPRING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 45
SERVO GEARBOXES
SPIRAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 46
SHAFT SIZE 1/8” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 9
CLEVIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 47
SHAFT SIZE 3/16” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 10
COTTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 47
SHAFT SIZE 1/4” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 11
DOWEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 48 - F 49
SOFT PINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 48
SET SCREWS
SLOTTED HEAD & HEX SOCKET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 12
POW-R-VEE® BELTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A196
BALL BUTTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 13
V-BELTS BRASS SOFT TIP HEX SOCKET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 14
2V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A198 SILVER SOLDER TIP SLOTTED HEAD & HEX SOCKET . . . . . . . . . . . F 15
3V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A200 SOFT TIP SLOTTED HEAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 16, F 18
4V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A203 SOFT TIP HEX SOCKET HEAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 16 - F 17
5V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A205
V-BELT PULLEYS SHAFTS
2V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A199 CASE HARDENED & GROUND SHAFTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 17
3V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A201 - A202 STAINLESS GROUND SHAFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 18 - I 21
4V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A204 GROUND SHAFTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 22
5V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A206 - A207 ULTRA GROUND SHAFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 23
FIELD SPLICE KITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A208 SHAFT SEALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 24
SHAFT WIPERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 25 - I 26
PRECISION CAPTIVE SCREWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 23 SHAFT ADAPTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 27
WOODRUFF KEYS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 28
PRECISION JIG BUTTONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 24
SHOULDER SCREWS
PRECISION WORMS SLOTTED HEAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 19 - F 20
16 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 217 HEX SOCKET HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 21 - F 22
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 219
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 221 SLIP CLUTCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 46 - G 48
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 224
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 235 SLIP CLUTCHES & COUPLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 50

PRECISION WORM GEARS SLIP COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 41 - G 43

16 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 218
24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 220 SPACERS
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 222 - B 223 LAMINATED INNER RACE SHIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 57
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 226 - B 228 LAMINATED OUTER RACE SHIM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 57
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 236 - B 238 SHAFT SPACERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 58 - F 59

PRECISION WORM SHAFTS SPEED REDUCERS

48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 225 SHAFT SIZE 1/8” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 12
SHAFT SIZE 1/4” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 13
RATCHETS & PAWLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 19
SPRINGS
RETAINER RINGS COMPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 62
EXTERNAL LUG DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 50 EXPERIMENTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 63
EXTERNAL SNAP ON DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 51 EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 63
EXTERNAL POWER GRIP DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 51 TORSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 64
EXTERNAL BOWED SNAP ON DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 52 ANTI-BACKLASH EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 64
STAINLESS STEEL INTERNAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 53 ANTI-BACKLASH TORSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 65
STAINLESS STEEL EXTERNAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 53 SPRING POSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 65
CARBON INTERNAL & EXTERNAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 54 - F 55
BEARING INTERNAL PUSH IN DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 56 SPRING WASHERS
INTERNAL LUG DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 56 BELLEVILLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 42
CURVED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 42
ROLLER BEARING CAM FOLLOWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 17 BEARING PRE-LOADED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 43

ROLLER CLUTCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 51

ROW-L-ER® CHAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A95

LINK CHAINS
.1475 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A96
.250 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A105, A120
.375 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A113, A123
.500 CIRCULAR PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A117, A126

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 INDEX
SPUR GEARS
HUBLESS - 12 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 6
HUBLESS - 16 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 8 - B 9
HUBLESS - 20 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 14
HUBLESS - 24 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 20 - B 21
HUBLESS - 32 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 46 - B 49
HUBLESS - 48 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 72 - B 74
HUBLESS - 64 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 115 - B 116
HUBLESS - 72 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 151
HUBLESS - 80 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 175
HUBLESS - 96 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 180
HUBLESS - 120 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 203
PIN HUB - 1/20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 111 - B 112
PIN HUB - 1/10 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 40 - B 41
PIN HUB - 12 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 7
PIN HUB - 16 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 10 - B 11
PIN HUB - 20 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 15 - B 17
PIN HUB - 24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 23 - B 32
PIN HUB - 32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 51 - B 60
PIN HUB - 48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 77 - B 89
PIN HUB - 64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 119 - B 128
PIN HUB - 72 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 154 - B 157
PIN HUB - 80 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 176 - B 177
PIN HUB - 96 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 182 - B 186
PIN HUB - 120 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 206 - B 208
CLAMP HUB - 16 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 12
CLAMP HUB - 20 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 18
CLAMP HUB - 32 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 61 - B 62
CLAMP HUB - 48 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 90 - B 93
CLAMP HUB - 64 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 129 - B 131
CLAMP HUB - 72 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 158 - B 159
CLAMP HUB - 96 PITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 187

SPUR GEAR STOCKS

24 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 39
32 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 71
48 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 110
64 PITCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 150

STUD MOUNTS
MALE - MALE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 2
MALE - FEMALE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 2
MALE - BUMPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 2

SWIVEL WASHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 41

SYNCRO MOUNT CLAMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 14 - D 18

TELESCOPIC UNIVERSAL JOINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 39

THREADED STUDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 34 - F 35

THRUST WASHERS & DISKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 40

THUMB NUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 32 - F 33

THUMB SCREWS
PLASTIC HEAD, KNURLED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 25 - F 26
STAINLESS STEEL, KNURLED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 27 - F 29
STAINLESS STEEL, KNURLED SOCKET HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 30 - F 31

TORQUE LIMITERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 46

ULTRA-PRECISION CROSS ROLLER SLIDES

LEAD SCREW DRIVEN SLIDE ASSEMBLIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 13

UNIVERSAL JOINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 35 - G 38

WASHERS
MOLDED NYLON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 37
STAINLESS STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 37 - F 38

WORM & WORM WHEEL GEARS

SHAFT SIZE 1/8”, 3/16” & 1/4”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 3 - C 4

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