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144 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression

MINI-TEST 4: STRUCTURE
Directions: The following sentences are incomplete. Beneath each of these sentences, there are
four words or phrases marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence.
1. by Anna Baldwin in 1878.
_ _~ (A) The invention of the vacuum milking machine
_ _~ (B) That the vacuum milking machine was invented
_ _~ (C) The vacuum milking machine, which was invented
_ _~ (D) The vacuum milking machine was invented
2. Dry cleaning is the process _ _ _ _~ clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
_ _ (A) hy
____ (B) which through
___ (C) hy which
_ _ (D) through
3. Sand dunes are made of loose sand _ _ _ __ up by the action of the wind.
_ _ (A) it huilds
_ _ (8) huilds
_ _ (C) is huilding
_ _~ (D) built

1. hookjubiiee, which was hased on the life of her great-grandmother, Margaret


Walker was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
_~ ___ (A) For her
_ _ (B) Her
_ _~ (C) It was her
_ _ (D) That her

5. Job specialization takes place _ _ _ _ _~ of production is separated into occupations.


_ _~ (A) whenever the work is
_ _~ (B) when the work
_ . _ (C) is when the work
_ _~ (D) whenever working
Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression 145

6. _ _ _ _ _ _ are hot is a common misconception.


_ _ (A) All deserts
_ _ _ (B) All deserts which
___ (C) Of all deserts
___ (D) That all deserts
7. imaginative stories about the origin of the game of chess.
___ (A) "'Ian)' of the
_ _ (B) "'lany
___ (C) There are many
_ _ CD) Of the many
8. one of Canada's greatest engineering projects, is a twenty-seven mile long
waterway between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
___ (A) Because the Welland Ship Canal is
_ _ (B) The Welland Ship Canal is
_ _ (C) That the Welland Ship Canal is
_ _ (D) The WeIland Ship Canal,
9. A deep-tissue massage is a type of massage therapy _ _ _ _ _ _ on one part of the body, such
as the lower back.
___ (A) its concentration is
_ _ _ (B) concentrating
___ CC) why it concentrates
___ CD) to be concentrated
10. One of the most powerful optical telescopes, the "Big Eye" at Mt. Palomar, _ _ _ _ _ _ a two-
hundred-inch mirror.
_ _ (A) has
_ _ (B) that has
_ _ (C) with
_ _ (D) which
11. Elfego Baca, legendary Mexican-American folk hero, was a lawman in New
Mexico in the late 1880's.
_ _ (A) a
___ CB) who, as a
___ CC) was a
___ CD) and he was a
12, _ _ _ _ _ _ relatively inexpensive, the metal pewter can be fashioned into beautiful and
useful objects.
___ (A) Even it is
_ _ (B) Despite
___ (C) Nevertheless, it is
_ _ CD) Although
13. is a general category that includes all mental states and activities.
___ (A) What do psychologists call cognition
_ _ _ (B) Psychologists call it cognition
___ CC) \Vhat psychologists call cognition
___ (D) Cognition, as it is called by psychologists, which
146 Section 2 • Guide to Structure and Written Expression

14. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote four novels, _ _ _ _ _ _ The Scarlet Letter, became an American
literary classic.
___ (A) of which one,
___ (B) which one
___ (C) one of which,
___ (D) one was
15. about four years for a new aircraft model to move from the preliminary design
stage to the full-production stage.
_ _ (A) It takes
_ _ (B) Taking
_ _ (C) That takes
_ _ (D) To take

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