PROJECT REPORT ON

Design of 65KWP Grid Connected system and

Standalone system using PVsyst Software
Submitted by
PRABHU PRASAD JENA - 210301190007
BTECH MINING
7th Semester

In the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

School of Enginerring And Technology
In
Mining Engineering

Academic Year- 2021-2025

Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Prof. Rama Prasanna Dalai

Department of School Of Enginerring and Technology

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 Centurion University of Technology & Management
(Bhubaneswar, Ramchandrapur, Jatani, Khordha, Odisha-752050)

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report of Solar PV Micro grid is the bonafide work of
PRABHU PRASAD JENA , 210301190007 , who carried out the project work under
my supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge that this project
has not been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

SIGNATURE

(Signature of Supervisor)

Certified that the above-mentioned project has been duly carried out as per the norm
of the college and statutes of the university.

SIGNATURE

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is our pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in

the development of this work and who influenced my/our thinking, behavior and acts during
the course of study.

We are thankful to Prof. Rama Prasanna Dalai for her support, cooperation, and motivation
provided to us during for constant inspiration, presence and blessings.

PRABHU PRASAD JENA

210301190007

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 ABSTRACT

Photovoltaic system simulation software is very important in prediction of output electricity

from the PV system. In this paper, Grid connected photovoltaic system is simulated using the
Pvsyst software. Detailed system configuration, system output and system losses are
determined in this study. From the simulation optimal size of the PV system is determined
that is able to supply the electricity to the university throughout the year. It is founded that
2000 PV module and 10 grid connected inverter is the optimal solution for the load of
university. About 901.44MWh electricity will be available to the grid in a year.

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 CHAPTER 1

TOPIC:

Design of 65kwp Grid

connected Solar Power Plant
using PV System

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

1. Introduction
2. Components Used
3. Diagram
4. Components
5. About the Project
6. Benefits
7. Disadvantages
8. Conclusion
9. Reference

CHAPTER 2

1. Introduction
2. Components Used
3. Diagram
4. Components
5. About the Project
6. Benefits
7. Disadvantages
8. Conclusion
9. Reference

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8|Page
 INTRODUCTION

Solar Micro-grid’s are integrated networks or 'grids' of power. Think of it in the same way
that you and your neighbors receive your electricity – through a shared network. Using
energy generated from the sun, the system captures, stores, and distributes clean electricity to
an entire community.

This is done by installing large, high quality solar panels and batteries in a central location.
Sometimes called a ‘hub’, this central location is where all the technology is stored in a
secure room, often underneath the solar panels themselves. Once the technology has been
installed, the solar micro-grid is completed by connecting electrical wiring from the central
power location to nearby houses, businesses, and farms.

A photovoltaic system is a special electrical system that produces energy from a renewable
and inexhaustible source: the sun. Essentially, there are two types of photovoltaic systems:
Grid-connected systems are systems that are integrated with conventional residential and
industrial electricity systems. These can be used when required in alternation or in
combination with the electricity grid in order to meet the energy requirements of the end
user.

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 COMPONENTS USED

Sl. No. Components COMPONENT REQUIRED

01 Solar Panel
02 PVC Pipe
03 Inverter
Module mounting
04
structure
05 Bi-direction Meters
06 Circuit Breaker

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 COMPONETS

Solar Panel:

Solar energy begins with the sun. Solar panels (also known as PV panels)
are used to convert light from the sun, which is composed of particles of
energy called protons, into electricity that can be used to power electrical
loads.

Solar panels can be used for a wide variety of applications including

remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment,
remote sensing, and of course for the production of electricity by
residential and commercial solar electric systems.

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PVC Pipe:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is made from a plastic and vinyl combination
material. The pipes are durable, hard to damage, and long lasting. They
do not rust, rot, or wear over time. For that reason, PVC piping is most
commonly used in water systems, underground wiring, and sewer lines.

Two decades later, PVC pipe was invented. By heating PVC, a machine
called an extruder could be used to push it into hollow pipes. This made
piping that was extremely solid and virtually indestructible. Using these
pipes for irrigation systems proved to be effective, and PVC pipe has since
been considered an affordable and reliable means for water piping.

Inverter:

Inverters are also called AC Drives, or VFD (variable frequency drive).

They are electronic devices that can turn DC (Direct Current) to AC

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(Alternating Current). It is also responsible for controlling speed and
torque for electric motors.

Electric motors are found in most devices we use to do work such as

small electronics, transportation, and office appliances. These motors
need electricity to run. Matching the motor’s speed to the required
process is essential to avoid wasting energy. In factories, wasted energy
and materials could put the business at risk, and so inverters are used to
control electric motors, boosting productivity and saving energy.

Module mounting structure:

Module Mounting Structure (MMS): The MMS shall be made of hot dip
GI/Anodized Aluminum material and the structure shall support SPV
modules at a given orientation, absorb and transfer the mechanical load
to the roof uniformly.

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Bi-direction Meters:

The term bi-directional metering refers to the fact that the meter can
measure the flow of electricity in two directions. The bidirectional meter
has three different readings: (1) delivered, (2) received, and (3) net;
whereas the traditional meter only has one reading.

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Circuit Breaker:

A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical

circuit from damage caused by over current/overload or short circuit. Its
basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a
fault. View all Eaton circuit breakers.

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 ABOUT THE PROJECT

A grid-connected photovoltaic system, or grid-connected PV system is a

electricity generating solar PV power system that is connected to
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the utility grid. A grid-connected PV system consists of solar panels, one
or several inverters, a power conditioning unit and grid connection
equipment. They range from small residential and commercial rooftop
systems to large utility-scale solar power stations. When conditions are
right, the grid-connected PV system supplies the excess power, beyond
consumption by the connected load, to the utility grid.

BENEFITS

1. High reliability Photovoltaic systems are still highly reliable even

under harsh conditions. Photovoltaic arrays ensure continuous,
uninterrupted operation of critical power supplies.

2. Strong persistence most modules in a PV system have a warranty

period of up to 25 years and remain operational even after many
years.

3. Low maintenance costs Photovoltaic systems require only regular

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 inspections and occasional repairs, which are extremely low cost
compared to conventional fuel systems.

4. Zero fuel consumption Photovoltaic systems do not require fuel and

can eliminate associated procurement, storage and transportation
costs.

5. Noise pollution is small the photovoltaic system can operate quietly

with minimal mechanical movement.

6. There is photovoltaic supervision in order to improve energy

efficiency, photovoltaic systems may need to add some modules.

7. Strong security Photovoltaic systems do not require fuel and can be

safely operated after proper design and installation.

DISADVANTAGES
1. High startup cost each PV installation should be economically
evaluated and compared to existing alternatives. At present, the
construction cost of photovoltaic systems is relatively high, but with
the reduction of photovoltaic system construction costs and the rise
of traditional energy prices, photovoltaic systems will have strong
economic competitiveness.

2. Available solar radiation instability for any solar system, weather

changes will greatly affect the amount of electrical energy output.
Therefore, the system design needs to be adjusted according to
changes in climate and location.

3. Have energy storage requirements some photovoltaic systems use

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 batteries as energy storage devices. This increases the footprint,
cost and complexity of the system.

4. Efficiency needs to be improved in order for PV systems to reflect

cost-effectiveness, we need to use an efficient method to distribute
the energy generated during use. However, they are now often used
to power alternative inefficient appliances.

5. Lack of knowledge and skills photovoltaic technology is an emerging

technology. The lack of relevant information limits the development
of its markets and technologies.

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 CONCLUSION

It will help reduce global warming, and thus a future green environment
with no pollution from fossil fuels, and other conventional sources of
energy. To add on that, it will also help in conserving our remaining fossil
fuels so that it may not run out in the coming 100-500 years, as it has
been predicted.

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 REFERENCES:

 Agrafiotis, C.; Roeb, M.; Konstandopoulos, A.G.; Nalbandian, L.;

Zaspalis, V.T.; Sattler, C. Stobeb, P.; Steele, A.M. (2005). “Solar
water splitting for hydrogen production with monolithic reactors”.
 Anderson, Lorraine; Palkovic, Rick (1994). Cooking with Sunshine
(The Complete Guide to Solar Cuisine with 150 Easy Sun-Cooked
Recipes).
 Balcomb, J. Douglas (1992). Passive Solar Buildings. Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
 Bolton, James (1977). Solar Power and Fuels. Academic Press, Inc…
 Bradford, Travis (2006). Solar Revolution: The Economic
Transformation of the Global Energy Industry.
 Buti, Ken; Perlin, John (1981). A Golden Thread (2500 Years of Solar
Architecture and Technology).
 Car,Donald E. (1976). Energy & the Earth Machine. W. W. Norton &
Company.
 Daniels, Farrington (1964). Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy.
Ballantine Books.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tree

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Design of Stand-alone system as per load
calculation of Home appliances using PV
System

INTRODUCTION

Stand-alone photovoltaic systems are designed to operate independent of

the electric utility grid, and are generally designed and sized to supply
certain DC and/or AC electrical loads. These types of systems may be
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powered by a photovoltaic array only or may use wind, an engine-
generator or utility power as an auxiliary power source in what is called a
photovoltaic-hybrid system. The simplest type of stand-alone photovoltaic
system is a direct-coupled system, where the DC output of a photovoltaic
module or array is directly connected to a DC load (Fig. 5.5). Since there
is no electrical energy storage (batteries) in direct-coupled systems, the
load only operates during sunlight hours, making these designs suitable
for common applications such as ventilation fans, water pumps, and small
circulation pumps for solar thermal water heating systems. Matching the
impedance of the electrical load to the maximum power output of the
photovoltaic array is a critical part of designing well-performing direct-
coupled system. For certain loads such as positive-displacement water
pumps; a type of electronic DC–DC converter, called a maximum power
point tracker (MPPT) is used between the array and load to help better
utilise the available array maximum power output.

COMPONENTS USED
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Sl. No Components Name Components Required
01 Solar PV Array

02 Charge controller

03 Battery bank

04 Inverter

05 Utility meter

06 Electric Grid

DIAGRAM

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COMPONENTS

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Solar PV Array:
An individual photovoltaic device is known as a solar cell. Due to its size,
it produces 1 to 2 watts of electricity, but you can easily increase the
power output by connecting cells, which makes up a module or panel.
And if you have multiple modules or panels connected together, this is
called an array.

The PV array reaches its maximum of 180 watts in full sun because the
maximum power output of each PV panel or module is equal to 45 watts
(12V x 3.75A).

Charge Controller:
In this type of charge controller, a switch S1 is connected in shunt with
the PV panel, which is turned on when the battery voltage reaches its
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overvoltage limit (VR). The PV array is short-circuited and it no more
feeds the battery. The blocking diode prevents short-circuiting of the
battery. The blocking diode also prevents the battery to discharge
through the PV array during nights and low in solation periods. The switch
S2 allows the battery to discharge through the load. When the battery
voltage reaches the threshold value (LVD), the switch S2 is turned off to
prevent deep discharging of the battery.

Battery:

A solar battery is a device that you can add to your solar power system to
store the excess electricity generated by your solar panels. You can then
use that stored energy to power your home at times when your solar

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panels don't generate enough electricity, including nights, cloudy days,
and during power outages.

As with most batteries you have an outer case made of metal. The use of
metal is particularly important here because the battery is pressurized.
This metal case has some kind of pressure-sensitive vent hole. If the
battery ever gets so hot that it risks exploding from over-pressure, this
vent will release the extra pressure. The battery will probably be useless
afterwards, so this is something to avoid. The vent is strictly there as a
safety measure. So is the Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) switch, a
device that is supposed to keep the battery from overheating.

Inverter:

Inverters are also called AC Drives, or VFD (variable frequency drive).

They are electronic devices that can turn DC (Direct Current) to AC
(Alternating Current). It is also responsible for controlling speed and
torque for electric motors.

Electric motors are found in most devices we use to do work such as

small electronics, transportation, and office appliances. These motors
need electricity to run. Matching the motor’s speed to the required
process is essential to avoid wasting energy. In factories, wasted energy
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and materials could put the business at risk, and so inverters are used to
control electric motors, boosting productivity and saving energy.

Electric grid:

A stand alone photovoltaic (PV) system is an electrical system consisting

of and array of one or more PV modules, conductors, electrical
components, and one or more loads. But a small-scale off grid solar
system does not have to be attached to a roof top or building structures
for domestic applications. With a stand alone solar system the solar
panels are not connected to a grid but instead are used to charge a bank
of batteries. These batteries store the power produced by the solar panels
and then your electrical loads draw their electricity from these batteries.

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 ABOUT THE PROJECT

Solar photovoltaic system or solar power system is one of renewable

energy system which uses PV modules to convert sunlight into electricity.
The electricity generated can be stored or used directly, fed back into grid
line or combined with one or more other electricity generators or more
renewable energy source. Solar PV system is very reliable and clean
source of electricity that can suit a wide range of applications such as
residence, industry, agriculture, livestock, etc.

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 Benefits

1. Solar energy is a renewable energy source. While fossil fuel can be

exhausted, solar energy never exhausts. Since the power is drawn
from the sun, it will never deplete.
2. It is easy to access from any location due to its availability.
3. It is an economical energy source as one does not need to purchase
energy from sunlight. Although a solar photovoltaic system is
required to draw the power from the sun, the sun being the raw
material is free and abundant.
4. It is ideal for distributed power generation and intelligent energy
networks.
5. The maintenance cost is relatively low compared to the other
sources of energy.
6. It provides noiseless operation and, thus, does not contribute to
noise pollution.
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 DISADVANTAGES

1. It has intermittency problems. In other terms, it does not charge during

the nighttime due to the unavailability of solar power.
2. It requires an extra equipment inverter to convert the sunlight into
usable electricity.
3. It requires an open area to install the photovoltaic solar panels and
needs ample space to accommodate them.
4. Although the solar energy photovoltaic module requires minimal
maintenance, if this particular need is overlooked, the module will
likely be damaged after some years of operation.

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 CONCLUSION

For a typical house of the rural area in Pakistan, the complete thermal
modeling, sizing, and optimization of a stand-alone PV system with
detailed cost calculations have been presented in this paper. The
designed system consists of 5.8 kW PV, eight batteries of 12 V and 255
Ah, and a 1.4 kW inverter, and overall, it costs $9650 and produces
electricity at $0.199/kWh. This research presents a detailed procedure to
design a PV system for remote locations where grid supply is not possible
or economically viable. Following this method, one can estimate the load,
size a system, simulate the system, and determine the expected
performance. Therefore, this study seems potentially helpful in designing
a stand-alone PV system.

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