Solved Paper 2013

Physics
Class-XII
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) There are 29 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 are very short answer type questions and carry one mark each.
(iii) Questions 9 to 16 carry two marks each, questions 17 to 25 carry three marks each and questions 27 to 29 carry five marks
each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three
marks and all three questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) Question 26 is a value based question carrying four marks.
(vi) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.
(vii) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
mo = 4p × 10–7 T m A–1
1
= 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4 πε0

me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of Neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
Mass of Proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg

1. Write the expression for the work done on an Ans. Hα line in emission spectrum of Hydrogen atom is
→
obtained when electron falls from its third (n = 3) to
electric dipole of dipole moment p in turning it
second lowest (n = 2) energy level.
4. Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation
from its position of stable equilibrium to a position
described in the figure.
of unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric field
→
E.
→ →
Ans. In stable equilibrium the angle between P and E
is 0°
→
In unstable equilibrium the angle between P and Ans. Looking from left side the current will be
→
anticlockwise. Looking from left side the current
E is 180°
will be clockwise. So, upper plate will be positive
So, the work done = PE(cos θ1 – cos θ2) and lower plate will be negative.
= PE(cos 0° – cos 180°) 5. Why is the core of a transformer laminated?
= PE(1+1) Ans. Core of a transformer is laminated to reduce the
= 2PE eddy current.
2. Is the steady electric current the only source of 6. Show on a plot the nature of variation of
magnetic field? Justify your answer. photoelectric current with the intensity of
Ans. No. Displacement current, alternating current, radiation incident on a photosensitive surface.
electromagnet, permanent magnet can also produce Ans. Photoelectric current is proportional to intensity of
magnetic field. light. So, the graph will be a straight line passing
3. When is Ha line of the Balmer series in the through the origin.
emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained?
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

pR
∴ a=
2
Msquare = NIa2
2
 pR 
Or, Msquare = NI  
 2 
NI p 2 R 2
∴ Msquare =
* 7. Where on the surface of Earth is the vertical 4
component of Earth's magnetic field zero? M square p
8. Two charges 2 mC and – 2 mC are placed at points A Now, =
M circular 4
and B 5 cm apart. Depict an equipotential surface
of the system. 11. Assuming that the two diodes D1 and D2 used in
Ans. the electric circuit shown in the figure are ideal,
find out the value of the current flowing through
1W resistor.

9. Write a relation between current and drift velocity Ans. D1 is forward biased. D2 is reversed biased. Hence,
of electrons in a conductor. Use this relation to the circuit may be considered as:
explain how the resistance of a conductor changes
with the rise in temperature.
Ans. The relation between current and drift velocity of
electron is
I = neAvd
n = number density of electrons
A = cross-sectional area
e = charge of electron
I = current So, the current through 1Ω resistor is
eE 6V
vd = τ = 2A
ml ( 2 + 1)Ω

E = potential difference across the conductor 12. In the ground state of hydrogen atom, its Bohr
τ = Relaxation time radius is given as 5.3 × 10–11 m. The atom is excited
l = length of the conductor such that the radius becomes 21.2 × 10–11 m. Find
eV (i) the value of the principal quantum number and
∴ I = neA × τ (ii) the total energy of the atom in this excited state.
ml
Ans. (i) r = r0n2
V ml or, 21.2 × 10 –11
= 5.3 × 10–11 × n2
R = =
I nAe 2 τ or, 4 = n2
As the temperature increases, the number of ∴ n =2
collisions increases and τ decreases and hence the 13.6 eV
resistance increases. (ii) E= −
n2
10. A coil of 'N' turns and radius 'R' carries a current
13.6 eV
'I'. It is unwound and rewound to make a square Or, E= −
coil of side 'a' having same number of turns (N). 4
Keeping the current 'I' same, find the ratio of the ∴ E = –3.4eV
magnetic moments of the square coil and the 13. Draw a schematic arrangement of a reflecting
circular coil. telescope (Cassegrain) showing how rays coming
Ans. Magnetic moment = M = NIA from a distant object are received at the eye-
Mcircular = NIπR2 piece. Write its two important advantages over a
After rewinding, 2πR = 4a refracting telescope.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2013 (PHYSICS)

Ans. Reflecting telescope Ans. The given circuit:

Advantages: At node M, applying KCL,

I3 = I1 + I 2
(a) Image is brighter.
In loop MPQN, applying KVL,
(b) Free from chromatic aberration.
20I3 + 30I1 = 20
* 14. A message signal of frequency 10 kHz and peak
Or, 20(I1 + I2) + 30I1 = 20
voltage 10 V is used to modulate a carrier of
Or, 50I1 + 20I2 = 20
frequency 1 MHz and peak voltage 20 V. Determine
Or, 5I1 + 2I2 = 2 …(i)
(i) the modulation index,
In loop MSTN, applying KVL,
(ii) the side bands produced. – 20I2 – 20I3 = – 20 – 80 = – 100
15. (a) How are electromagnetic waves produced? Or, – 20I2 – 20(I1 + I2) = – 100
(b) How do you convince yourself that electromagnetic Or, – 20I1 – 40I2 = – 100
waves carry energy and momentum ? Or, – I1 – 2I2 = – 5 …(ii)
OR Solving equations (i) and (ii)
(a) Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in 3
I1 = − A
the descending order of their wavelengths: 4
(i) Microwaves * 17. Draw a labelled schematic diagram of a Van-de-
(ii) Infra-red rays Graaff generator. State its working principle.
Describe briefly how it is used to generate high
(iii) Ultra-violet radiation
voltages.
(iv) Gamma rays
18. Starting from the expression for the energy
(b) Write one use each of any two of them. 1
W = LI 2 , stored in a solenoid of self-inductance
Ans. (a) Accelerating electric charge produces 2
electromagnetic waves. L to build up the current I, obtain the expression
(b) When electromagnetic wave of suitable frequency for the magnetic energy in terms of the magnetic
on incident on photoelectrons come out. So, field B, area A and length l of the solenoid having
electromagnetic waves must have energy and n number of turns per unit length. Hence show
momentum so that it can kick off photoelectrons B2
that the energy density is given by
from its shell. Thus I am convinced. 2m o .
OR Ans. B = μ0nI
(a) Arranged in descending order: Or, B2 = μ02 I2n2
Microwave, Infrared, Ultraviolet, Gamma-rays B2
Or, I2 =
(b) Use of microwave: Used in RADAR system. m 02 n 2
Use of Infrared: Used in night-photography.
And L = μ0n2lA
16. Use Kirchhoff's rules to determine the value of Putting in the given expression,
the current I1 flowing in the circuit shown in the 1
figure. W = LI 2
2
1
Or, W= (μ0n2lA)I2
2

[substituting L]
1
Or, W = (μ0n2V)I2
2
 [Putting Volume = V = l]
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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

B2 20. A small bulb (assumed to be a point source) is

1
Or, W= (μ0n2V) × 2 2 placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to
2 m0n
a depth of 80 cm. Find out the area of the surface
 [substituting l2] of water through which light from the bulb can
B 2V emerge. Take the value of the refractive index of
Or, W= 4
2m 0 water to be .
3
W B2 Ans.
∴ Energy density = =
V 2m 0
19. (a) When an a.c. source is connected to an ideal
capacitor show that the average power supplied
by the source over a complete cycle is zero.
(b) A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor.
Predict your observations when the system is
connected first across a d.c. and then an a.c. source.
What happens in each case if the capacitance of the
capacitor is reduced?
Ans. (a) AC source connected to a ideal capacitor:
I C
Using Snell’s law,
sin i
μ=
sin r
4 sin 90°
Or, =
3 sin r
3
v = Vo sint ∴ i = sin −1 = 48.59°
4
Using KVL,
AB R
q Now, tan i = =
V0 sin ωt = OB 0.8
C
∴ R = 0.8 × tan 48.59°
Or, q = CV0 sin ωt
= 0.8 × 1.134 = 0.9 m
dq
Or, I = = CV0ω cos ωt Area of surface of water through which light will
dt emerge
 π = πR2 = π × (0.9)2
∴ I = I0 cos ωt = I 0 sin  ωt + 
 2 = 2.54 m2
* 21. What is meant by 'detection of a modulated signal'?
1 T  π  Draw block diagram of a detector for AM waves
T ∫0 
Average Power = V0 sin ωt × I 0 sin  ωt +   dt
 2  and state briefly, showing the waveforms, how the
original message signal is obtained.
1 T 1 
T ∫0  2
= V0 I 0 sin 2ωt  dt OR

Write the function of each of the following used in
= 0 communication system:
1 (i) Transducer
(b) Reactance of a capacitor = XC = pfC
2 (ii) Repeater
For DC, f = 0, XC = ∝, No current flow, bulb does (iii) Transmitter
not glow. 22. (a) Define electric flux. Write its S. I. units.
→
For AC, f ≠ 0, XC ≠ ∝, current flows, bulb glows. ^
(b) Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 10 3 i N/C.
Capacitance is reduced.
Calculate the flux of this field through a square
For DC, f = 0, XC = ∝, No current flow, bulb does surface of area 10 cm2 when
not glow.
(i) its plane is parallel to the y – z plane, and
For AC, as C reduces, XC increases, current
(ii) the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with
decreases, bulb glows less bright. the x-axis.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2013 (PHYSICS)

Ans. (a) Electric flux: Number of electric field lines * 25. State the underlying principle of a potentiometer.
crossing an area in a direction normal to it. Write two factors on which the sensitivity of a
SI unit: Nm2/C potentiometer depends.
(b) φ = |E|A cos φ
(i) When the plane is parallel to Y-Z plane, then
φ = 0°
∴ φ = 3 × 103 × (0.1)2 cos 0°
= 30 Nm2/C
(ii) When normal to the plane makes an angle 60°
with X-axis, then φ = 60°
∴ φ = 3 × 103 × (0.1)2 cos 60°
= 15 Nm2/C In the potentiometer circuit shown in the figure,
* 23. (a) The number of nuclei of a given radioactive the balance point is at X. State, giving reason, how
N the balance point is shifted when
sample at time t = 0 and t = T are N0 and 0
n (i) resistance R is increased ?
respectively. Obtain an expression for the half-life (ii) resistance S is increased, keeping R constant?
(T1/2) of the nucleus in terms of n and T. 26. Amit's uncle was finding great difficulty in
(b) Write the basic nuclear process underlying b– reading a book placed at normal place. He was not
decay of a given radioactive nucleus. going to the doctor because he could not afford the
24. (a) State three important properties of cost. When Amit came to know of it, he took his
photons which describe the particle picture of uncle to the doctor. After thoroughly checking his
electromagnetic radiation. eyes, the doctor prescribed the proper lenses for
him. Amit bought the spectacles for his uncle from
(b) Use Einstein's photoelectric equation to define
his pocket money. By using spectacles he could
the terms (i) stopping potential and (ii) threshold
now read with great ease. For this, he expressed
frequency.
his gratitude to his nephew.
Ans. (a) Properties of photon which describe the particle
Based on the above paragraph, answer the
nature of electromagnetic radiation:
following:
(i) Photons are quanta or discrete packet of energy.
(a) (i) Why does least distance of distinct vision
(ii) Energy of photon is proportional to the increase with age?
frequency of the em radiation. (ii) What type of lens is required to correct this
(iii) Photon transfers its whole energy to the defect?
interacting electron. (b) What, according to you, are the two values
(b) Einstein’s photoelectric equation: displayed by Amit towards his uncle ?
KEmax = hν – hν0 Ans. (a) (i) Least distance of distinct vision changes with
(i) KE = eVS age due to following two reasons:
If negative potential of magnitude Vs is applied l Power of accommodation decreases due to
to the anode then no photoelectron electron weakening of ciliary muscle.
will be able to reach anode and hence the l Eye lens loses flexibility.
photoelectron emission will stop. This potential (ii) Convex lens is required to correct this defect
is known as stopping potential. (hypermetropia).
(ii) From Einstein’s equation, (b) Empathy and concern for elder persons.
When ν = ν0, KEmax = 0, i.e., photoelectrons are 27. * (a) Why is the base region of a transistor thin and
just emitted with no kinetic energy. lightly doped ?
When ν > ν0, KEmax > 0, i.e., photoelectrons are (b) Draw the circuit diagram for studying the
emitted with some kinetic energy. characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common
When ν < ν0, KEmax < 0, which is not possible. emitter configuration.
So, no photoelectron emission takes place. Sketch the typical (i) input and (ii) output
characteristics in this configuration.
So, there is a minimum frequency below which
photoelectron emission is not possible. This (c) Describe briefly how the output characteristics can
frequency is known as threshold frequency. be used to obtain the current gain in the transistor.

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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

OR So, in both the cases, the direction of current

(a) How is a depletion region formed in p-n junction? through load resistor is in the same direction. So,
(b) With the help of a labelled circuit diagram, explain a direct potential difference i.e., DC voltage is
how a junction diode is used as a full wave rectifier. developed across the resistor .
Draw its input, output wave-forms. Input Output waveform:

(c) How do you obtain steady d.c. output from the

pulsating voltage?
Ans. OR
(a) Formation of depletion region:
When p type and n type semiconductors are brought
in contact, electrons diffuse from n-side to p-side and
holes diffuse from p-side to n-side. This is due to the
higher concentration of holes in p-side and higher
electron concentration in n-side. The electrons and
holes cross the junction and recombine with each
other. Thus a certain region of both side of the
actual junction becomes depleted from free charge
carriers. There remain only immobile positive ions
in n-side and immobile negative ions in p-side (c) To obtain steady DC output from the pulsating
which restrict further electrons and holes to cross voltage, filter is to be used. Capacitor in parallel is
the junction. Thus a depletion region is formed. an effective filter.
(b) Full wave rectifier: 28. * (a) Describe briefly how an unpolarized light
gets linearly polarized when it passes through a
polaroid.
(b) Three identical polaroid sheets P1, P2 and P3 are
oriented so that the pass axis of P2 and P3 are
inclined at angles of 60° and 90° respectively with
respect to the pass axis of P1. A monochromatic
source S of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is
kept in front of the polaroid sheet P1 as shown in
A full wave rectifier is constructed using two p-n the figure. Determine the intensities of light as
junction diodes, a centre-trapped transformer and observed by the observers O1, O2 and O3 as shown.
a load resistor.
Anodes of the diodes are connected at the two end
terminals of the secondary of the transformer.
Cathodes of the diodes are joined together and
connected to the centre tap of the transformer
through the load resistor.
AC is fed to the input of the transformer.
OR
For the positive half cycle of AC, A is +ve, C is 0 and
(a) Use Huygens geometrical construction to show
B is –ve.
how a plane wave-front at t = 0 propagates and
So, D1 is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased.
produces a wave-front at a later time.
Current flows only through D1 in the direction as
(b) Verify, using Huygens principle, Snell's law of
shown.
refraction of a plane wave propagating from a
For the negative half cycle of AC, A is –ve, C is 0 and
denser to a rarer medium.
B is +ve.
(c) When monochromatic light is incident on a surface
So, D2 is forward biased and D1 is reverse biased.
separating two media, the reflected and refracted
Current flows only through D2 in the direction as
light both have the same frequency. Explain why.
shown.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2013 (PHYSICS)

Ans. OR of the incident light. For this the reflected and

(a) m refracted light have the same frequency as that of
incident light.
29. State Biot-Savart law, expressing it in the vector
form. Use it to obtain the expression for the
magnetic field at an axial point, distance 'd' from
the centre of a circular coil of radius 'a' carrying
current 'I'. Also find the ratio of the magnitudes of
the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at
an axial point for which d = a 3.
OR
(a) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current
carrying loop.
(b) State using a suitable diagram, the working
principle of a moving coil galvanometer. What is
(b) Proof of Snell’s law of refraction: the function of a radial magnetic field and the soft
XY is the separation of two media. iron core used in it?
AB is the incident wavefront (c) For converting a galvanometer into an ammeter, a
CD is the refracted wavefront. shunt resistance of small value is used in parallel,
v1 is the velocity of light in denser medium. whereas in the case of a voltmeter a resistance of
v2 is the velocity of light in rarer medium. large value is used in series. Explain why.
Ans. Biot-Savart law:

∠PAN = ∠i = angle of incidence

= ∠BAC
∠RCN” = ∠r = angle of refraction
= ∠ACD
In ∆ABC,
XY is a current carrying wire.
BC vt
sin i = = 1 →
AC AC dl is a small element on it.
→
In ∆ACD, At point P, whose position vector is r , the magnetic
AD vt
sin i = = 2 field is to be determined.
AC AC
According to Biot Savart law, the magnitude of
→
sin i v
∴ = 1 magnetic field dB at P is
sin r v2
(i) Proportional to current I
= Refractive index of rarer medium (ii) Proportional to length dl
with respect to denser medium. (iii) Inversely proportional to the square of the distance
This Snell’s law of refraction. of the point
The direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to
(c) Reflection and refraction occur due to the
→ →
interaction of light with the atoms / molecules of the plane containing dl and r .
the media which vibrate with the same frequency In vector form,
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

→ →
µ0 2 πa 2 I
→ I dl X r Or, B=
dB ∝ 4π r3
r3
→ → µ0 a2 I
→ µ0 I dl X r Or, B=
Or, dB = 2 ( a 2 + d 2 )3/2
4π r3
Ratio of magnetic fields:
Magnetic field due to a current carrying circular
coil: When d= a 3
A single turn circular coil of radius a carrying current µ0 a2 I
I is considered. P is a point on the axis at a distance BP =
2 [ a + ( a 3 )2 ]3/2
2
d where the magnetic field is to be determined.
Two small lengths dl are considered at two µ0 I
= ×
diametrical opposite ends on the coil. 2 8a
Distance of point P from dl is r. At centre (d = 0)
If dB is the magnetic field, then
µ0 a2 I
µ Idl sin 90° Bcentre = × 2 3/2
dB = 0 2 (a )
4π r2
µ0 Idl µ0 I
= = ×
4π r2 2 a
The 2 components of dB are dB cos φ and dB sin φ. Bcentre
So, the ratio = =8:1
The two dB cos φ components corresponding to two BP
dl elements (at the upper and the lower end) cancel
OR
each other.
(a) Magnetic field ;lines due to current carrying loop:
The two dB sin φ components are in same direction
and hence resultant magnetic field at P becomes
2dB sin φ.
So, the resultant magnetic field at point P due to the
entire coil is
µ 2 Idl sin φ
B= 0∑
4π r2
µ0 2I sin φ
Or, B= ∑ dl
4π r2
µ0 2I sin φ
Or, B= × πa
4π r2
[since at a time two dl portions have been
considered at two diametrical opposite ends.] (b) Working principle of Moving coil galvanometer:

a PQRS is a rectangular coil, of copper wire of length

µ0 2I × r L and breadth b, having n number of turns, current i
Or, B= × πa
4π r2 flowing through it, is hung in a permanent magnetic
field B with the help of a phosphor bronze strip.
a
 [since, sin φ = ] Force acting on PQ and SR is F = nBiL. These two
r forces are oppositely directed.
SOLVED PAPER - 2013 (PHYSICS)

So, the moment of deflecting couple is Function of soft iron core: Using soft iron core
τ = f × b = nBilb sensitivity increases since the magnetic field lines
As the coil rotates, a restoring torque cθ is produced prefer to pass through soft iron.
in the phosphor bronze strip, where c is the torsional (c) A shunt resistance of small value is connected in
constant and θ is the angle of twist. parallel with a galvanometer to convert it to an
At equilibrium, cθ = nBiLb ammeter. Ammeter is used in series in a circuit.
Or, cθ = nBiA(A = area of the coil) Its resistance should be as low as possible so that
cθ it does not make any change in the circuit current.
Or, i=
nBA So, a low resistance is connected in parallel with the
galvanometer to achieve this.
Or, i = kθ
A high value resistance is connected in series
c
 (k = = Galvanometer constant) with a galvanometer to convert it to an voltmeter.
nBA
Voltmeter is used in parallel to a component in a
∴ i ∝θ circuit. Its resistance should be as high as possible
Function of radial magnetic field: Due to radial so that it does not make any change in the circuit
magnetic field, magnetic field lines become current. So, a high value resistance is connected in
perpendicular to magnetic moment and hence the series with the galvanometer to achieve this.
torque becomes maximum.

