WORKSHEET

CLASS XII
CHAPTER RAY OPTICS

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1. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of the image and the magnification. Describe what happens as the needle is moved
farther from the mirror.
2. A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the
bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be 9.4 cm. What is the refractive index of
water? If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 up to the same height, by what
distance would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again?
3. Fig(a) and (b), show refraction of a ray in air incident at 60° with the normal to glass air and
water-air interface, respectively. Predict the angle of refraction in glass when the angle of
incidence in water is 45° with the normal to a water-glass interface (c)].

4. A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of 80 cm. What is the
area of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out? Refractive inder
of water is 1.33. (Consider the bulb to be a point source)
5. A prism is made of glass of unknown refractive index. A parallel beam of light is incident on a
face of the prism. The angle of minimum deviation is measured to be 40°. What is the refractive
index of the material of the prism? The refracting angle of the prism is 60°. If the prism is placed
in water (refractive index 1.33), predict the new angle of minimum deviation of a parallel beam
of light.
6. A beam of light converges at a point P. Now a lens is placed in the path of the convergent beam
12cm from P. At what point does the beam converge, if the lens is (a) a convex lens of focal
length 20 cm, and (b) a concave lens of focal length 16 cm ?
7. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eyepiece of
focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an
object be placed in order to obtain the final image at (a) the least distance of distinct vision
(25cm), and (b) at infinity? What is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case?
8. A person with a normal near point (25 cm)using a compound microscope with objective of focal
length 8.0 mm and an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 cm can bring an object placed at 9.0 mm from
 the objective in sharp focus. What is the separation between the two lenses ? Calculate the
magnifying power of the microscope.
9. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length A
6.0 cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation between the
objective and the eyepiece ?
10. Use the mirror equation to deduce that :
(a) an object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond 2f. (b) a
convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the object.
(c) the virtual image produced by a convex mirror is always diminished in size and is located
between the focus and the pole.
(d) an object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror produces a virtual and
enlarged image.
11. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of a prism of refracting angle 60° 50
that it just suffers total internal reflection at the other face? The refractive index of the material
of the prism is 1.524.
12. What should be the distance between the object and the magnifying glass if the virtual image of
each square in the figure is to have an area of 6.25 mm². Would you be able to see the squares
distinctly with your eyes very close to the magnifier ?
13. An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30 X is desired using an objective of focal length
1.25 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound microscope?
14. Fig. shows equiconvex lens (of refractive index 1.50) in contact with a liquid layer on top of a
plane mirror. A small needle with its tip on the principal axis is moved along the axis until its
inverted image is found at the position of the needle. The distance of the needle from the lens is
measured to be 45.0 cm. The liquid is removed and the experiment is repeated. The new
distance is measured to be 30.0 cm. What is the refractive index of the liquid?

15. Two thin lenses of power - 4D and 2D are placed in contact coaxially. What is the focal length of
the combination?
16. Write the relationship between angle of incidence 'i', angle of prism 'A' and angle of minimum
deviation for a triangular prism.
17. A thin prism of 6.0° angle gives a deviation of 30°, what is the refractive index of material of
prism?
18. Define critical angle. Obtain a relation between the refractive index and critical angle for a pair
of media. Does critical angle depend on the colour of light? Explain.
19. 35. Cal Calculate the distance of an object h from a concave mirror of height of radius of
curvature 20 cm, so as to obtain a real image of magnification 2. Find the location of image also.
20. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If focal length
of the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the lens.
21. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a material of refractive index
1.6. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, what will be its new focal length ?
22. A concave lens has the same radii of curvature for both sides and has a refractive index 1.6 in
air. In the second case, it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.4. Calculate the ratio of the
focal lengths of the lens in two cases.
23. A thin converging lens has a focal length 'f' in air. If it is completely immersed in a liquid, briefly
explain, how the focal length of the lens will vary?
24. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a way that the angle of incidence
is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism.
Determine the angle of deviation and the refractive index of the glass prism
25. An equilateral glass prism has a refractive index 1.6 in air. Calculate the angle of minimum
deviation of the prism, when kept in a medium of refractive index 4√2/5.
26. A compound microscope with an objective of 1.0 cm focal length and an eyepiece of 2.0 cm
focal length has a tube length of 20 cm. Calculate the magnifying power of the microscope, if the
final image is formed at the near point of the eye.
27. Using the data given below, state as to which of the given lenses will you prefer to use as (i) an
eyepiece, and (ii) an objective, to construct an astronomical telescope. Give reason for your
answer.

28. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5 cm.
What is the magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant objects in nomad
adjustment? If this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 km away, what is the height of
the image the tower formed by the objective lens ?
29. You are given three lenses L1, L2 and L3 each of focal length 20 cm. An object is kept at 40 cm in
front of L₁, as shown. The final real image is formed at the focus 'I' of L 3. Find the separations
between L₁, L₂ and L3.

30. Three lenses of focal lengths + 10 cm, - 10 cm and + 30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the figure
given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.
31. Three days of light-red (R), green (G) and blue (B) incident on the face AB of a right-angled prism
ABC. The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are
1.39, 1.44 and 1.47, respectively. Trace the path of the rays through the prism. How will the
situation change if these rays were incident normally on one of the faces of an equilateral
prism?

32. A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a triangular prism of refracting angle 60°, made
of a transparent material of refractive index 2/√3) as shown in Fig. Trace the path of the ray as it
passes through the prism. Also calculate the angle of emergence and angle of deviation

33. A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°.
Calculate the speed of light through the prism. (n) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that
the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.
34. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of a final image by a compound
microscope at least distance of distinct vision. The total magnification produced by a compound
microscope is 20. The magnification produced by the eyepiece is 5. The microscope is focussed
on a certain object. The distance between the objective and eyepiece is observed to be 14 cm. If
least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate the focal length of the objective and the
eyepiece.
35. An object is placed (i) 10 сm, (ii) 5 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 15 cm.
Find the position, nature and magnification of the image in each case.
36. A square wire of side 3.0 cm is placed 25 cm away front a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm
What is the area enclosed by the image of the wire? (The centre of the wire is on the axis of the
mirror, with its two sides normal to the axis).
37. The refractive index of glass is 1.5 and that of water is 1.3. If the speed of light in water is 2.25 x
108 ms what is the speed of light in glass ?
38. A rectangular glass slab rests in the bottom of a trough of water. A ray of light incident on water
surface at an angle of 50° passes through water into glass. Calculate the angle of refraction in
glass. Given that u for water is 4/3 and that for glass is 3/2.
39. For a situation shown in Fig, find Maximum angle i for which the light suffers total internal
reflection at the vertical surface.

40. A mark placed on the surface of a glass sphere is viewed through glass from an oppositely
directed position. If the diameter of the sphere is 20 cm; find the position of the image.
Refractive index of glass is 1.5.
41. A small air bubble in a glass sphere of radius 2 cm appears to be 1 cm from the surface when
looked at, along a diameter. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the true position of the air
bubble.
42. A convex lens of focal length 0.2 m and made of glass (µ = 1.50) is immersed in water (µ =1.33)
Find the change in the focal length of the lens.
43. Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. What is the (i) focal length
and (ii) power of the combination ?
44. An equilateral glass prism (µ =1.6) is of immersed in water (µ = 1.33). Calculate the angle of -ia-
deviation produced for a ray of light incident at 40° on one face of the prism.