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Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Quarter 3 - MELC 5
Week 5
DNA Transcription

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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Biotechnology
Sheet No. 5- DNA Transcription
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 -- Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
mechanical without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 –
Western Visayas.
Development Team of Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Writer: Ruby Ann Dahay- Angelino

Editor: Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
Layout Artists: Jerry R. Bagiuos
Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Ma. Cristina G. Caballero
Reynaldo A. Sumaylo
Lovenia D. Pansaon
Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
Division of Silay City Management Team:
Gladys Amylaine D. Sales
Nicasio S. Frio
Federico P. Pillon Jr.
Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
Regional Management Team:
Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Biotechnology!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Silay City and DepEd Regional Office VI- Western
Visayas through the Curriculum Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners to meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Biotechnology Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the reference/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

` The Biotechnology Activity Sheet is developed to helped you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessmentts. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________________________ Date: _________

BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITY SHEET No. 5

DNA Transcription

I. Learning Competency
Explain the processes involves in DNA transcription

II. Background Information for Learners

In the previous learning activity, you learn about DNA replication. This
time another function of DNA known as transcription will be discussed.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an important biological macromolecule that is

present in all biological cells. It is principally involved in the synthesis of
proteins, carrying the messenger instructions from DNA, which itself
contains the genetic instructions required for the development and
maintenance of life.

Structurally, RNA is a linear polymer of four different nucleotides. Each

nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar known as ribose;
a phosphate group; and one of four bases attached to each ribose. The four
bases are Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U).

Transcription is the first stage of the expression of genes into proteins. In

transcription, an mRNA (messenger RNA) is transcribed from one of the
strands of the DNA molecule. The RNA is called messenger RNA because it
carries the "message," or genetic information, from the DNA to the ribosomes,
where the information is used to make proteins. RNA and DNA use
complementary coding where base pairs match up, similar to how the strands
of DNA bind to form a double helix.

Keep in mind that Adenine is paired with Uracil in RNA while Cytosine is
still matched with Guanine. The major steps of transcription are initiation,
elongation, and termination.

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III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Step by Step

Direction: Read the processes involved in DNA transcription and answer the
quiz that follows.

Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to

make an RNA (mRNA) molecule. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is
made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. Both DNA and mRNA carry
instructions needed for protein production. Figure 1 shows how this occurs.

Figure 1. DNA Transcription

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Step 1: Initiation
⚫ beginning of transcription
⚫ occurs when the enzyme RNA
polymerase binds to a region of
a gene called the promoter
⚫ promoter signals the DNA to
unwind so the enzyme can
‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the
DNA strands
⚫ enzyme is now ready to make a
strand of mRNA with a
complementary sequence of
bases

Step 2: Elongation
⚫ addition of nucleotides to the
mRNA strand
⚫ RNA polymerase reads the
unwind DNA strand and builds
the mRNA molecule, using
complementary base pairs
⚫ newly formed RNA is bound to
the unwind DNA
⚫ during this process, an Adenine
(A) in the DNA binds to Uracil (U)
in the RNA

Step 3: Termination
⚫ ending of transcription
⚫ occurs when RNA polymerase
crosses a stop (termination)
sequence in the gene Figure 2. Transcription occurs in the three
⚫ mRNA strand is complete, and it steps—initiation, elongation, and termination
detaches from DNA

A. Directions. Place the following sequence of steps in transcription in

correct order by writing numbers 1-5 on the space provided. Write the answer
on your answer sheet.

______Signals the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one
of the DNA strands
______Newly formed RNA is bound to the unwind DNA
______RNA polymerase reads the unwind DNA strand and builds the mRNA
molecule
______The mRNA strand is complete.
______RNA polymerase crosses a stop sequence.

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Activity I
B.
Processes involved in Brief explanation of the process
DNA transcription
1. Initiation (Possible Answer) The RNA polymerase
binds to a promoter that signals DNA to
unwind.
2. Elongation (Possible Answer) Addition of nucleotides to
the mRNA strand. Newly formed RNA is
bound to unwind DNA.
3. Termination (Possible Answer) RNA polymerase crosses
a stop sequence in the gene. mRNA strand
is complete and detaches from DNA.
A.
1. 1
2. 3
3. 2
4. 5
5. 4
IV. Reflection
1. (Possible Answer) I understand that the processes involve in DNA
transcription is important to the production of protein which is needed
by our system to function well.
V. Answer Key
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
to
I understand that the processes involve in DNA transcription is important
Complete the statement below.
IV. Reflection
3. Termination
2. Elongation
1. Initiation
transcription
Brief explanation of the process Processes involved in DNA
sheet.
B. Directions: Complete the table below. Write the answer on your answer
VI. Links and/or Other References

Google. “www.courses.lumenlearning.com” Accessed February 5, 2021

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology1/chapter/reading-
steps-of-genetic-tra nscription/

Google. “www.thoughtco.com” Accessed February 5, 2021

https://www.thoughtco.com/steps-of-transcription-from-dna-to-rna-
603895

Google. “www.exploringnature.org” Accessed February 6, 2021

https://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/anatomy/Transcription_Tra
nslation_Activity. Pdf

Google. “www.livingston.org” Accessed February 6, 2021

https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib4/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain
/739/Notes1.pdf

Google. “www.nanohub.org” Accessed February 6, 2021

https://nanohub.org/resources/27161/download/App_BioMEM_AC33
b_PG.pdf

Google. “www.news-medical.net” Accessed February 7, 2021

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/What-is
RNA.aspx#:~:text=Ribonucleic%20acid%20(RNA)%20is%20an,development
%20and%20maintenance%20of%20life.

Google. “www.accessscience.com” Accessed February 8, 2021

https://www.accessscience.com/content/ribonucleic-acid-
rna/589000#:~:text=Structurally%2C%20RNA%20is%20a%
20linear,%2C%20and%20uracil%20(U).