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 8th

DIANE ZAK
EDITION

progr a mming w i t h

MICROSOFT ® VISUAL BASIC ® 2017

MICROSOFT
®

progr a mming w i t h
VISUAL BASIC
®

20 17

To register or access your online learning solution or purchase materials

for your course, visit www.cengagebrain.com. 8th
EDITION

DIANE ZAK
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
PROGRAMMING WITH
MICROSOFT® VISUAL BASIC® 2017

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 EIGHTH EDITION

PROGRAMMING
WITH MICROSOFT®
VISUAL BASIC® 2017

DIANE ZAK

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Programming with Microsoft® Visual Basic® © 2018 Cengage Learning
2017, Eighth Edition
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 v

Brief Contents

Pref ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi v
Read T h is Bef o re You Begi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi i i
CHAP TER 1 An In t ro du ct i o n to V i sual Studi o 2 0 1 7 and V i sual Ba s i c . . . . . 1
CHAP TER 2 Plan n in g Appl i cati ons and Desi gni ng I nter faces . . . . . . . . 49
CHAP TER 3 Co din g w it h Vari abl es, Named Constants, and Cal cul a ti ons . . . 73
CHAP TER 4 T h e Select i o n Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
CHAP TER 5 T h e Repeti t i o n Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
CHAP TER 6 Su b an d Funct i on Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
CHAP TER 7 St r in g M ani pul ati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
CHAP TER 8 Ar r ays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
CHAP TER 9 Sequ en t ial A ccess Fi l es and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
CHAP TER 10 Clas s es an d Obj ects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
CHAP TER 11 SQL Ser ve r Dat abases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
CHAP TER 12 Dat abas e Queri es wi th SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
CHAP TER 13 Web Sit e Appl i cati ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
APPEN DIX A GU I Des ig n Gui del i nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
APPEN DIX B Addit io n al To pi cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
APPEN DIX C F in din g and Fi x i ng Program Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
APPEN DIX D V is u al B asi c 2 0 1 7 Cheat Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
APPEN DIX E Cas e Pro je ct s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 vi

Contents

Pref ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi v
Read T h is B ef o re Yo u Begi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv i i i

CHAPTER 1 An In t ro du ct io n t o V i sual Studi o 2 0 1 7 and V i sual Basi c . . . . . 1

F OCUS ON THE CO NC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
F-1 Computer Programming Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
F-2 The Programmer’s Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
F-3 The Visual Basic Programming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
F-4 The Visual Studio IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
F-5 Assigning Names to Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

APPLY THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

A-1 Start and Configure Visual Studio Community 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A-2 Create a Windows Forms Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A-3 Manage the Windows in the IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A-4 Change a Form File’s Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A-5 Change the Properties of a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Name Property������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17
The Font Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The MaximizeBox, StartPosition, and Text Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A-6 Save a Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A-7 Close and Open a Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A-8 Add a Control to a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A-9 Use the Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A-10 Lock the Controls on the Form   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A-11 Start and End an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A-12 Enter Code and Comments in the Code Editor Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Me.Close() Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Assignment Statements and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A-13 Print an Application’s Code and Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
A-14 Exit Visual Studio and Run an Executable File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 vii
 

CHAP TER 2 Plan n in g Appl i cati ons and Desi gni ng I nter faces . . . . . . . . 49
FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
F-1 Planning a Windows Forms Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
F-2 Windows Standards for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Guidelines for Identifying Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Guidelines for Including Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Guidelines for Selecting Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Guidelines for Using Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
F-3 Access Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
F-4 Tab Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

A-1 Create a Planning Chart for a Windows Forms Application . . . . . . . . . . . 58
A-2 Design an Interface Using the Windows Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
A-3 Add a Label Control to the Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
A-4 Add a Text Box to the Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
A-5 Set the Tab Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

CHAP TER 3 Co din g w i t h Vari abl es, Named Constants, and Cal cu l a ti ons . . . 73
FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
F-1 Pseudocode and Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
F-2 Main Memory of a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
F-3 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Selecting an Appropriate Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Selecting an Appropriate Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Examples of Variable Declaration Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
F-4 TryParse Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
F-5 Arithmetic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
F-6 Assigning a Value to an Existing Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
F-7 ToString Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
F-8 Option Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
F-9 Named Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

A-1 Determine a Memory Location’s Scope and Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
A-2 Use Procedure-Level Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
A-3 Use Procedure-Level Named Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
A-4 Use a Class-Level Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
A-5 Use a Static Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
A-6 Use a Class-Level Named Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
A-7 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Coding the TextChanged Event Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Coding the Enter Event Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
viii
C ontents 

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

CHAPTER 4 T h e Select io n St ruct ure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
F-1 Selection Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
F-2 If…Then…Else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
F-3 Comparison Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Comparison Operator Example: Total Due Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Comparison Operator Example: Net Income/Loss Application . . . . . . . . . . .125
F-4 Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Logical Operator Example: Gross Pay Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . .131
F-5 Summary of Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
F-6 String Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
String Comparison Example: Shipping Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
F-7 Nested Selection Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
F-8 Multiple-Alternative Selection Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
F-9 Select Case Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Specifying a Range of Values in a Case Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

APPLY THE CONCE PTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

A-1 Add a Check Box to a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
A-2 Code an Interface That Contains Check Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
CheckBox’s CheckedChanged Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
A-3 Add a Radio Button to a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
A-4 Code an Interface That Contains Radio Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
RadioButton’s CheckedChanged Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Using the Select Case Statement with Radio Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
A-5 Group Objects Using a Group Box Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
A-6 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Coding a Text Box’s KeyPress Event Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
A-7 Professionalize Your Code Using Arithmetic Assignment Operators . . . . . . . 161
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

CHAPTER 5 T h e Repet it io n St ruct ure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
F-1 Repetition Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
F-2 Do…Loop Statement (Pretest Loop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
F-3 String Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
F-4 Infinite Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
F-5 Do…Loop Statement (Posttest Loop) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
F-6 Counters and Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
F-7 For…Next Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Comparing the For…Next and Do…Loop Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Flowcharting a For…Next Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 ix
 

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

A-1 Use a Loop, a Counter, and an Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
A Different Version of the Projected Sales Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
A-2 Add a List Box to a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Using the String Collection Editor to Add Items to a List Box . . . . . . . . . . .203
The Sorted Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
The SelectedItem and SelectedIndex Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
The SelectedValueChanged and SelectedIndexChanged Events . . . . . . . . . .205
A-3 Use the Methods and a Property of the Items Collection . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Count Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Clearing the Items from a List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
A-4 Calculate a Periodic Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
ListBox, Loop, and Financial.Pmt Example: Monthly Payment Application . . . . . .210
A-5 Nest Repetition Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Nested Repetition Structure Example: Savings Account Application . . . . . . . .214
A Caution About Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216
A-6 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

CHAPTER 6 Su b an d Funct i on Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
F-1 Event-Handling Sub Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
F-2 Independent Sub Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
No Parameters/Arguments Example: History Grade Application . . . . . . . . . .242
F-3 Passing Information to a Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Passing Variables by Value Example: Gross Pay Application . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Passing Variables by Reference Example: Concert Tickets Application . . . . . . .248
F-4 Rounding Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250
F-5 Function Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

A-1 Add a Combo Box to the Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
A-2 Add Items to a Combo Box and Select a Default Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
A-3 Code a Combo Box’s KeyPress Event Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
A-4 Create an Event-Handling Sub Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
A-5 Calculate Federal Withholding Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
A-6 Invoke an Independent Sub Procedure and a Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
A-7 Create an Independent Sub Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
A-8 Create a Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
A-9 Validate an Application’s Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
A-10 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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CHAPTER 7 S t r in g M an ipu lat io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
F-1 Length Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
The Product ID Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
F-2 Insert Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
F-3 PadLeft and PadRight Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290
The Net Pay Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
F-4 Contains and IndexOf Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
The City and State Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294
F-5 Substring Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296
The Rearrange Name Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296
F-6 Character Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
The First Name Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
F-7 Remove Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
F-8 Trim, TrimStart, and TrimEnd Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
The Tax Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
F-9 Replace Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
F-10 Like Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
Inventory Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

APPLY THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

A-1 Code the Check Digit Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
A-2 Code the Password Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
A-3 Generate Random Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
A-4 Code the Guess a Letter Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
Use the Enabled Property and Focus Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
A-5 Code the Guess the Word Game Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
Coding the btnNewWord_Click Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323
Coding the btnTryLetter_Click Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

CHAPTER 8 Ar r ays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
F-1 Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342
F-2 Declaring One-Dimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Determining the Number of Elements in a One-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . .346
Determining the Highest Subscript in a One-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . 346
Traversing a One-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
F-3 For Each...Next Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349
F-4 Calculating the Average Array Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
F-5 Finding the Highest Array Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
F-6 Sorting a One-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
F-7 Two-Dimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358
Declaring a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358
Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 xi
 

Determining the Highest Subscript in a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . 361

Traversing a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Totaling the Values Stored in a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
A-1 Associate an Array with a Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366
A-2 Create Accumulator and Counter Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
A-3 Create Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
A-4 Search a Two-Dimensional Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383

CHAP TER 9 Sequ en t ia l A ccess Fi l es and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
F-1 Sequential Access Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
F-2 Sequential Access Output Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
Output File Example: Game Show Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395
F-3 Sequential Access Input Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
ReadToEnd Method Example: Game Show Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
ReadLine Method Example: Game Show Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

A-1 Add a Menu to a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404
GUI Guidelines for Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404
Menu Example: Continents Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
A-2 Code the Items on a Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408
A-3 Modify a Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410
A-4 Accumulate the Values Stored in a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412
A-5 Sort the Data Contained in a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414
A-6 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

CHAP TER 10 Clas s es a nd Obj ects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
F-1 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
F-2 Creating a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
F-3 Instantiating an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
F-4 Attributes Section of a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431
Attributes Section Example: Franklin Decks Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
F-5 Behaviors Section of a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436
Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436
Methods Other than Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Behaviors Section Example: Franklin Decks Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Using the Rectangle Class: Franklin Decks Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 xii
C ontents 

F-6 Adding a Parameterized Constructor to a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443

F-7 Reusing a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

APPLY THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

A-1 Use a ReadOnly Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
A-2 Create Auto-Implemented Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457
A-3 Overload Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469

CHAPTER 11 S QL Ser ver Dat abases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
F-1 Basic Database Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476
F-2 Creating a SQL Server Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478
F-3 Adding a Table to a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
F-4 Adding Records to a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
F-5 Data Source Configuration Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
F-6 Binding the Objects in a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487
Having the Computer Create a Bound Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488
F-7 DataGridView Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491
F-8 Copy to Output Directory Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495
F-9 Try...Catch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497
F-10 Two-Table Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
Relating the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502
Creating a Database Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Displaying the Query Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506

APPLY THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

A-1 Create a Data Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508
A-2 Bind Field Objects to Existing Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511
A-3 Perform Calculations on the Fields in a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520

CHAPTER 12 Dat abas e Qu er ies w i t h SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

F OCUS ON THE CONC EPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
F-1 SELECT Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530
F-2 Creating a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533
F-3 Parameter Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540
F-4 Saving a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544
F-5 Invoking a Query from Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

APPLY THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

A-1 Add a Calculated Field to a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
A-2 Use the SQL Aggregate Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
A-3 Professionalize Your Application’s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 xiii
 

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .557
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560

CHAP TER 13 Web Sit e A ppl i cati ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

FOCUS ON THE CONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
F-1 Basic Web Terminology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������566
F-2 Creating a Web Site Application ���������������������������������������������������������������������568
F-3 Starting a Web Application�����������������������������������������������������������������������������571
F-4 Modifying the Site.master Page ���������������������������������������������������������������������573
F-5 Personalizing the Default.aspx Page���������������������������������������������������������������576
F-6 Personalizing the About.aspx Page�����������������������������������������������������������������577
F-7 Testing with Different Browsers ���������������������������������������������������������������������579
F-8 Closing and Opening a Web Site Application�����������������������������������������������������579

APPLY THE C ONCEPTS LESSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

A-1 Repurpose an Existing Web Page��������������������������������������������������������������������580
A-2 Add a Table and Controls to a Web Page���������������������������������������������������������582
A-3 Code a Control on a Web Page�����������������������������������������������������������������������585
A-4 Use a Validation Control��������������������������������������������������������������������������������587
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592

APPEN DIX A GU I Des ign Gui del i nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

APPE N DIX B Addit io n al To pi cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

APPE N DIX C F in din g and Fi x i ng Program Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

APPEN DIX D V is u al B asi c 2 0 1 7 Cheat Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

APPEN DIX E Cas e Pro je ct s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
xiv

Preface

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic 2017, Eighth Edition uses Visual Basic 2017, an
object-oriented language, to teach programming concepts. This book is designed for a beginning
programming course. However, it assumes that students are familiar with basic Windows skills
and file management.

Organization and Coverage

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic 2017, Eighth Edition contains 13 chapters that
present concepts along with hands-on instruction; it also contains five appendices (A through E).
In the chapters, students with no previous programming experience learn how to plan and
create their own interactive Windows applications. GUI design skills, OOP concepts, and
planning tools (such as Planning Charts, pseudocode, and flowcharts) are covered in the book.
The chapters show students how to work with objects and write Visual Basic statements such as
If...Then...Else, Select Case, Do...Loop, For...Next, and For Each...Next. Students also learn how
to create and manipulate variables, constants, strings, sequential access files, classes, and arrays.
In Chapters 11 and 12, students learn how to create SQL Server databases and then use them
in applications. They also learn how to use Structured Query Language (SQL) to access specific
fields and records from the database and also to create calculated fields. Chapter 13 shows
students how to create both static and dynamic Web Site applications.
Appendix A contains a summary of the GUI design guidelines mentioned in the chapters.
Appendix B contains additional topics that can be covered along with (or anytime after) a
specified chapter. Appendix C teaches students how to locate and correct errors in their
code. The appendix shows students how to step through their code and also how to create
breakpoints. The Visual Basic 2017 Cheat Sheet contained in Appendix D summarizes
important concepts covered in the chapters, such as the syntax of statements, methods, and
so on. The Cheat Sheet provides a convenient place for students to locate the information they
need as they are creating and coding their applications. Appendix E contains Case Projects that
can be assigned after completing specific chapters in the book.

Approach
Each chapter in Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic 2017, Eighth Edition contains two
lessons titled Focus on the Concepts and Apply the Concepts. Each lesson has its own set of
objectives. The Focus lessons concentrate on programming concepts, using examples along with
sample applications designed to reinforce the concepts being taught. The Apply the Concepts
lessons show students how to apply the concepts from the chapter’s Focus lesson in different
ways. The Apply lessons also expand on the concepts taught in the Focus lesson. Both lessons
provide tutorial-style steps that guide the student on coding, running, and testing applications.
Each sample application allows the student to observe how the current concept can be used
before the next concept is introduced.

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 CHAPTER XXX
ENDERBY CASTLE

There were two spacious open barouches and one large wagon.
“My lord ordered me, sir, if the weather should be fine, to bring the
barouches for the ladies, as they would be so much pleasanter,” the
man explained, touching his hat, as he held the door of the first
carriage open for Mrs. Force.
The travelers were soon seated—Mr. and Mrs. Force, Wynnette
and Elva in the first barouche, Le, Odalite and Rosemary in the
second, and the two servants, with the dog and the luggage, in the
wagon.
“Oh, how jolly!” exclaimed Wynnette, looking about her.
By this time it was light enough to see their surroundings—the
hoary cliffs and the picturesque fishing village on their right; the far-
spread rocky beach, with the fishing boats drawn up, on their left;
the expanse of ocean beyond, dotted at long distances with sails; and
right near them the only street of the hamlet that ran from the beach
up through a natural cleft in the rocks, and looked something like a
rude, broad staircase of flagstones, which were paved on edge to
afford a hold to horses’ feet in climbing up the steep ascent.
By this time, too, the denizens of the village were out before their
doors to stare at the unusual sight of three carriages and a large party
of visitors for Enderby Castle.
For, of course, as his lordship’s carriages and liveried servants
were there to meet the party of travelers, they must be visitors to the
castle.
The men took off their hats and the women courtesied as the open
carriages passed slowly up the steep street to the top of the cliff,
where it joined the road leading northward along the sea toward
Enderby Castle.
Now the travelers in the open carriages had a grand view of land
and water.
On the east, moorland rolling into hills in the mid distance and
rising into mountains on the far horizon. The newly risen sun shining
above them and tinting all their tops with the soft and varied hues of
the opal stone. Here and there at long distances could be seen the
ruined tower of some ancient stronghold, or the roof and chimneys
of some old farmstead. Everything looked old or ancient on this wild
coast of Cumberland.
On the west the ocean rolled out until lost to view in the mists of
the horizon.
Before them northward the road stretched for many a mile.
Far ahead they saw a mighty promontory stretching out to sea. At
its base the waves dashed, leaped, roared, tumbled like raging wild
beasts clawing at the rocks. On the extreme edge of its point arose a
mass of gray stone buildings scarcely to be distinguished from the
foundation on which they were built.
“How far is it to Enderby Castle?” inquired Mr. Force of the
coachman who drove his carriage.
“Ten miles from the station, sir,” replied the man, touching his hat.
“That is the castle,” said Mrs. Force, pointing to the pile of
buildings on the edge of the promontory, and handing the field glass
with which she had been taking a view of her birthplace and first
home.
“That! It is a fine, commanding situation, but it scarcely looks to be
more than five miles from here.”
“It is not, if we could take a bee line over land and sea, but the road
has to follow the bend of the estuary,” replied the lady.
All the occupants of both carriages, which had come to a standstill,
were now on their feet gazing at that hoary headland, capped with its
ancient stronghold.
The field glass was passed from one to another, while the carriages
paused long enough for all to take a view.
 “So that was the home of my grandparents and of our forefathers
for—how long, dear mamma?” inquired Odalite.
“Eight centuries, my dear. The round tower that you see is the
oldest part of the edifice, and was built by Kedrik of Enderbee in the
year 950.”
“Lord, what a fine time the rats, mice, bats, owls, rooks and ghosts
must have in it!” remarked Wynnette.
“It is like a picture in a Christmas ghost story,” said Elva.
“It seems like Aunt Sukey was reading it all to me out of a novel by
the evening fire at Grove Hill,” mused Rosemary.
“Go on,” said Mr. Force.
And the carriages started again.
The road, still running along the top of the cliff, turned gradually
more and more to the left until its course verged from the north to
the northwest, and then to the west, as it entered upon the long, high
point of land upon which stood the castle. The road now began to
ascend another steep, paved with stones on edge to make a hold for
the horses’ feet in climbing, and at length entered a sort of alley
between huge stone walls that rose higher and higher on either side
as the road ascended, until it reached a heavy gateway flanked with
towers, between which, and over the gateway, hung the spiked and
rusting iron portcullis, looking as if it were ready, at the touch of a
spring, to fall and impale any audacious intruder who might pass
beneath it. But it was fast rusted into its place, where it had been
stationary for ages.
“I wonder who was the last warder that raised this portcullis?”
mused Wynnette.
“I cannot tell you, my dear. It has not been moved in the memory
of man,” replied Mrs. Force.
“I see ghosts again!” exclaimed Wynnette—“men-at-arms on
yonder battlements! Knights, squires and pursuivants in the
courtyard here! Oh, what a haunted hole is this!”
They entered a quadrangular courtyard paved with flagstones,
inclosed by stone buildings, and having at each of the four corners a
strong tower.
 The front building, through which they had passed by the
ascending road, was the most ancient part of the castle and faced the
sea. But in the rear of that was the more recent structure, used as the
dwelling of the earl and his household. This modern building also
faced the sea, on the other side, but it could not be approached from
the cliff road except through the front. These buildings were not used
at all. They were given over to the denizens objected to by Wynnette
—to rats, mice, bats, owls and rooks, and—perhaps ghosts.
On either side the buildings were used as quarters for the servants
and offices for the household.
They drove through the courtyard, under an archway in the wall of
the modern building, and out to the front entrance, facing the open
sea.
Many steps led from the pavement up to the massive oaken doors,
flanked by huge pillars of stone, that gave admittance to the building.
The coachman left his box, went up these stairs and knocked.
The double doors swung open.
Mr. Force alighted and handed out his wife and two elder
daughters, while Le performed the same service for Elva and
Rosemary, and the party walked up the stairs to the open door.
A footman in the gray livery of Enderby bowed them in.
 CHAPTER XXXI
MRS. FORCE’S BROTHER

A tall, fair, delicate-looking patrician of about forty years of age,

clothed in an India silk dressing gown, leaning on the arm of his
gray-haired valet, and further supporting himself by a gold-headed
cane, approached to welcome them.
“My sister—I am glad to see you, Elfrida,” he said, passing his cane
over to his valet and taking the lady by the hand to give her his
brotherly kiss. “Now present me to your husband and daughters, and
to these—young friends of yours. I am glad to see them all. Very
glad.”
Mrs. Force introduced Mr. Force, Leonidas and the girls in turn.
Lord Enderby shook hands with each in succession, and heartily
welcomed them all to Enderby.
“You must take your place at the head of my bachelor household,
Elfrida. In the meantime, my housekeeper, Mrs. Kelsy here, will
show you to your rooms.”
As he spoke, an elderly woman, in her Sunday dress of black silk,
with a white net shoulder shawl and a white net cap, came from the
rear of the hall, courtesied, and said:
“My lady, this way, if you please.”
“Breakfast will be served as soon as you are ready for it, Elfrida,”
said the host, as, still leaning on the arm of his valet and supporting
himself by his cane, he turned and passed through a door on the
right, into his own sanctum.
Widely yawned the foot of the broad staircase, up which Mrs. Kelsy
led the guests of the house, to a vast upper hall, flanked with oaken
doors leading into a suit of apartments on either side.
 The housekeeper opened a door on the right, saying:
“Here is a suit of five rooms, my lady, fitted up for yourself and the
young ladies. And here, on the opposite side, is a large room, with
dressing room attached, for the young gentlemen—Good Lord!!”
This sudden exclamation from the housekeeper was called forth by
the unexpected apparition of Gipsy, the negro maid, than whom no
blacker human being ever saw the light. Gipsy was as black as ink, as
black as ebony. Wynnette declared that charcoal made a light-
colored mark on her. But aside from her complexion, Gipsy was a
good-looking girl, with laughing black eyes, and laughing lips that
disclosed fine white teeth.
“This is my maid, Zipporah, but we call her Gipsy for
convenience,” said Mrs. Force.
“Oh, my lady! Will it bite? Can’t it talk? Is it vicious?” inquired the
Cumberland woman, who had never seen and scarcely ever heard of
a negro, and had the vaguest idea of dark-colored savages in distant
parts of the world, who were pagans and cannibals.
“She is a very good girl, and can read and write as well as any of us;
and she is, besides, a member of the Episcopal church at home,
which is the same as your Church of England here,” Mrs. Force
explained.
“Yes, my lady. Certainly, my lady. I beg pardon, my lady, I am
sure,” said the housekeeper, in profuse apology; but still she did not
seem satisfied, but gave Gipsy a wide berth while she eyed her
suspiciously.
Now Gipsy resented this sort of treatment; besides, she was a bit of
a wag; so every time her mistress’ back was turned she rolled up the
whites of her big eyes, curled up her large red lips, and snapped her
teeth together, in a way that made Kelsy’s blood run cold.
As soon as it was possible to do so, she made an excuse and left the
room.
“Where is Dickon?” inquired Mr. Force.
“He’s round at the kennel with the dog. Joshua won’t make friends
’long o’ none of the grooms, nor likewise none o’ the doogs, so
Dickon have to stay ’long o’ him to keep him quiet,” said Gipsy.
Mr. Force groaned.
 “Now everything is going to be laid on that poor dog! Gipsy, I
won’t give you my crimson silk dress when I have done with it, just
for that. Papa, I can help you to dress just as well as Dickon can—and
a great deal better, too. I can fix your shaving things and hair
brushes, and lay out your clothes myself!” exclaimed Wynnette.
“My dear, I think you had better prepare for breakfast,” said her
mother.
“Mother, we can’t do much preparing, as our trunks have not been
brought up.”
“Take off your duster, my dear, and wash your face and hands, and
brush your hair,” suggested Mrs. Force.
“I suppose these two rooms are yours and papa’s, but which are
ours?”
Mrs. Force walked through the whole suit, and finally assigned a
room next to her own to Wynnette and Odalite, and another to Elva
and Rosemary.
What struck all these visitors was the heavy and rather gloomy
character of their apartments. Thick Brussels carpets, thick moreen
window curtains, and bed curtains of dull colors and dingy
appearance, massive bedsteads, bureaus, presses and chairs.
“And they call this the modern part of the castle! Oh, I know I shall
see ghosts!” said Wynnette.
When they were all ready, they went downstairs to the hall, all
hung with suits of armor, and decorated with arms, shields, spears,
banners, battle-axes, and so on, and with stags’ heads and other
trophies of the battlefield and the chase.
Here a footman showed them into the breakfast room, where the
earl sat waiting for them. Breakfast was served in a very few minutes.
After breakfast the whole party adjourned to the drawing room, a
vast, gloomy apartment with walls lined with old oil paintings,
windows hung with heavy, dark curtains; floor covered with a thick,
dull carpet, and filled up with massive furniture.
After they had been seated for a while, the earl arose, taking his
cane in one hand and the arm of his brother-in-law with the other,
and said:
 “I hope you will amuse yourselves as you please, my dears, and
excuse me: I wish to have a talk on family matters with your parents
in the library. If you would like to go over the house, call one of the
maids or the housekeeper to be your guide,” he concluded, as he left
the room, accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Force.
Odalite acted on her uncle’s suggestion, rang the bell, and
requested to see the housekeeper.
Mrs. Kelsy came, and on being requested, expressed her
willingness to show the young ladies over the house.
“And to the picture gallery first, if you please,” she said, as she led
the way across the hall to a long room on the opposite side.
Here were the family portraits.
“Odalite, here are the originals of all the ghosts I saw with my eyes
shut, on last night’s journey, and of all the ghosts I saw here on the
battlements and in the courtyard—all, all, all—men-at-arms, squires,
knights, lords and ladies. If they would but talk, what interesting
shades they would be!”
“Which, Wynnette? The ghosts or the pictures?”
“Either. Both. This, you say, Mrs. Kelsy, was Elfrida, Lady
Enderby, my mother’s mother? Why, I should have known it. How
much she is like my mother, and like Elva. And this is the second and
last Lady Enderby? How lovely, yet how fragile. She was mamma’s
stepmother, and she died young, leaving one delicate little boy, our
uncle, the present earl. Sic transit, and so forth.”
They spent an hour in the picture gallery, and then the
housekeeper proposed that they go into the library.
“But we cannot go there. Papa, mamma and uncle are shut up
there, in close council,” said Odalite.
“Ah! Well, we will go upstairs, if you please, miss,” said Kelsy.
And upstairs they went. And all over the vast building they went,
finding only gloomy rooms, each one more depressing than the
others.
“And now show me the room Queen Elizabeth slept in when on a
visit to Baron Ealon, of Enderby,” said Wynnette.
“Queen Elizabeth, miss! I never heard that Queen Elizabeth was
ever in this part of the country!” the housekeeper exclaimed.
 Wynnette laughed.
“Oh, well, then,” she said, “show me the room that Alexander the
Great, or Julius Cæsar, or Napoleon Bonaparte, or George
Washington slept in.”
“I—do not think I ever heard of any of these grandees stopping at
Enderby. But there is a room——”
“Yes, yes!” eagerly exclaimed Wynnette.
“Where the Young Pretender was hidden for days before he
escaped to France,” said the housekeeper.
“Oh, show us that room, Mrs. Kelsy,” said a chorus of voices.
The housekeeper took them down a long flight of stairs and along a
dark passage, and up another flight of stairs, and through a suit of
unfurnished apartments, to a large room in the rear of the main
building, whose black oak floor and whose paneled walls were bare,
and whose windows were curtainless.
In the middle of this room stood a huge bedstead, whose four posts
were the dragon supporters of the arms of Enderby and whose
canopy was surmounted by an earl’s coronet. The velvet hangings of
this bedstead, the brocade quilt and satin pillow cases had almost
gone the way of all perishable things.
“And the Young Pretender occupied this room?” inquired
Rosemary, reverently.
“Yes, miss, and it is kept just as he left it, except that the curtains
have been taken from the windows, because they had fallen into
rags.”
“And he slept in this bed?” said Elva, timidly laying her hand upon
the sacred relic.
“Yes, miss, but I wouldn’t touch the quilt, if I was you. Bless you, it
would go to pieces if you were to handle it!”
“I would make a bonfire of every unhealthy mess in this room, if it
were mine!” said Wynnette.
The housekeeper looked at her in silent horror.
They lingered some time in “the pretender’s room.”
As they were leaving it, Wynnette said, at random:
“And now show us the haunted chamber, please.”
 The housekeeper stopped short, turned pale and stared at the
speaker.
“Who told you anything about the haunted room?” she inquired.
“Nobody did,” replied Wynnette, staring in her turn.
“How, then, did you know anything about it?”
“By inference. Given an old castle, inferred a haunted room. Come,
now, show it to us, dear Mrs. Kelsy.”
“No, you cannot see the haunted chamber, young miss. It has not
been opened for ten years or more.”
“Come! This is getting to be exciting, and I declare I will see it, if I
die for it,” said Wynnette.
“Not through my means, you will not, young lady. But there is the
luncheon bell, and we had better go down.”
They returned to the inhabited parts of the house, and were shown
by the housekeeper to the morning room, where the luncheon table
was spread.
There they found Mr. and Mrs. Force. Their host had not yet
joined them.
“My dear,” said Mr. Force, in a low voice, addressing Odalite, “we
have had a consultation in the library. It is almost certain that Lady
Mary Anglesea died one year before the time stated as that of her
death. It is best, however, that we go down to Angleton and search
for evidence in the church and mausoleum. Therefore, it is decided
that Leonidas and myself go to Lancashire to-morrow to investigate
the facts, leaving your mother, sisters, and self here. We shall only be
absent for a few days.”
“Oh, papa! then you will take poor John Kirby’s letter and parcel to
his old father there? You see, they live only a few miles from
Angleton,” said Wynnette.
“Yes, dear, I will take them,” assented the squire. “And, Odalite,
my love,” he added, turning to his eldest daughter, “if all goes well we
shall have a merry marriage here at Enderby.”
 CHAPTER XXXII
AN ANXIOUS SEARCH

Early the next morning Mr. Force, Leonidas and Wynnette, who
begged to make one of the party, left Enderby Castle for Lancashire.
The gray-haired coachman drove them in an open carriage to the
Nethermost Railway Station.
On this drive they retraced the road on the top of the cliffs which
they had traversed on the previous day.
They reached Nethermost just in time to jump on board the
“parliamentary,” a slow train—none but slow trains ever did stop at
this obscure and unfrequented station.
Mr. Force secured a first-class compartment for himself and party,
and they were soon comfortably seated and being whirled onward
toward Lancaster.
For some miles the road followed the line of the coast in a
southerly direction, and then diverged a little to the eastward until it
reached the ancient and picturesque town of Lancaster, perched
upon its own hill and crowned with its old castle, which dates back to
the time of John of Gaunt.
Here they left their train, and on consulting the local time-table in
the ticket office found that the next train on the branch line going to
the station nearest Angleton did not start until 3 P.M.
This, as it was now but 11 A.M., gave the party an opportunity of
seeing the town, as well as of getting a luncheon.
A chorus of voices offered cabs; but Mr. Force, waving them all
away, walked up the street of antiquated houses and brought his
party to the ancient inn of “The Royal Oak.”
 Here he ordered luncheon, to be ready at two, and then set out
with his young people to walk through the town.
They climbed the hill and viewed the castle, now fallen from its
ancient glory of a royal fortress—not into ruin, but into deeper
degradation as the county jail. But the donjon keep, King John’s
Tower, and John of Gaunt’s Gate remain as of old.
They next visited the old parish church of St. Mary’s, where they
saw some wonderful stained glass windows, brass statuary, and oak
carvings of a date to which the memory of man reached not back.
They could only gaze upon the outside of the cotton and silk
factories and the iron foundries before the clock in the church tower
struck two, and they returned to the hotel for lunch.
At three o’clock they took the train for Angleton.
Their course now lay eastward through many a mile of the
manufacturing districts, and then entered a moorland, waste and
sparsely inhabited, stretching eastward to the range of mountains
known in local phraseology as “England’s Backbone.”
It was six o’clock on a warm June afternoon when the slow train
stopped at a little, lonely station, in the midst of a moor, where there
was not another house anywhere in sight.
Here our travelers left their compartment and came out upon the
platform, carpetbags in hand; and the train went on its way.
Our party paused on the platform, looking about them.
On their right hand stood the station, a small, strong building of
stone with two rooms and a ticket office. Behind that the moor
stretched out in unbroken solitude to the horizon.
On their left hand was the track of the railroad, and beyond that
the moor rolling into low hills, toward the distant range of
mountains.
There was not a vehicle of any sort in sight; and there were but two
human beings besides themselves on the spot—one was the ticket
agent and the other the railway porter.
Mr. Force spoke to the latter.
“Where can I get a carriage to take my party on to Angleton?”
The man, a red, shock-haired rustic, stared at the questioner a
minute before answering.
 “Noa whurr, maister, leaf it be at t’ Whoit Coo.”
“And where is the White Cow?” inquired the gentleman.
The rustic stretched his arm out and pointed due east.
Mr. Force strained his eyes in that direction, but at first could see
nothing but the moor stretching out in the distance and rolling into
hills as it reached the range of mountains.
“Papa,” said Wynnette, who was straining her eyes also, “I think I
see the place. I know I see a curl of smoke and the top of a chimney,
and the peak of a gable-end roof. I think the rise of the ground
prevents our seeing more.”
“Oie, oie, yon’s t’ Whoit Coo,” assented the porter.
“How far is it from here?” inquired Mr. Force.
“Taw mulls, maister.”
“Can you go there and bring us a carriage of some sort? I will pay
you well for your trouble,” said Mr. Force.
“Naw, maister. Oi’ mawn’t leave t’ stution.”
“Uncle!” exclaimed Le, “I can go and bring you a carriage in no
time. You take Wynnette into the house and wait for me.”
And without more ado Le ran across the track and strode off across
the moor.
Mr. Force took Wynnette into the waiting room of the little
wayside station, where they sat down.
There was no carpet on the floor, no paper on the walls, no shades
at the windows, but against the walls were rows of wooden benches,
and on them large posters of railway and steamboat routes, hotels,
watering places, and so forth, and one picture of the winner of the
last Derby.
They had scarcely time to get tired of waiting before Le came back
with the most wretched-looking turnout that ever tried to be a useful
conveyance.
It was a long cart covered with faded and torn black leather, and
furnished with wooden seats without cushions. Its harness was worn
and patched. But there was one comfort in the whole equipage—the
horse was in very good condition. It was a strong draught horse.
 “I shall not have to cry for cruelty to animals, at any rate,” said
Wynnette, as her father helped her up into a seat.
“How far is it to Angleton?” inquired Mr. Force of the driver.
“Sux mulls, surr,” answered the man. “Sux mulls, if yur tek it cross
t’ moor, but tun, ’round b’ t’ rood.”
“Is it very rough across the moor?” inquired Mr. Force.
“Muddlin’, maister,” replied the man.
“Go across the moor,” said the gentleman, as he stepped up into
the carriage.
Le followed him. The horse started and trudged on, jolting them
over the irons on the railway track and striking into the very worst
country road they had ever known.
Yes. It was rough riding across that moor, sitting on hard benches,
in a cart without springs, and drawn by a strong, hard-trotting horse.
Our travelers were jolted until their bones were sore before they
reached the first stopping place.
This was “‘The White Cow,” an old-fashioned inn, in a dip of the
moor, where the ground began to roll in hills and hollows toward the
distant mountains.
The house fronted east, and, as it lay basking in the late afternoon
summer sun, was very picturesque. Its steep, gable roof was of red
tiles, with tall, twisted chimneys, and projecting dormer windows; its
walls were of some dark, gray stone, with broad windows and doors,
and a great archway leading into the stable yard. A staff, with a
swinging sign, stood before the door.
The declining sun threw the shadow of the house in front of it; and
in this shade a pair of country laborers sat on a bench, with a table
before them. They were smoking short pipes and drinking beer,
which stood in pewter pots on the board.
This was the only sign of life and business about the still place.
As the cart drew up Mr. Force got out of it and helped his daughter
to alight.
Le followed them.
“I think we will go in the house and rest a while, and see if we can
get a decent cup of tea, my dear. We have had nothing since we left
Lancaster, at three o’clock, and it is now half-past seven. You must be
both tired and hungry,” said the squire, leading her in.
“‘I’m killed, sire,’”
responded Wynnette, misapplying a line from Browning, as she
limped along on her father’s arm.
The man who had driven them from the railway station, and whom
after developments proved to be waiter, hostler, groom and
bootblack rolled into one for the guests of the White Cow, left his
horse and cart standing and ran before Mr. Force to show the
travelers into the house.
It was needless; but he did it.
They entered a broad hall paved with flagstones.
On the left of this an open door revealed the taproom, half full of
rustic workingmen, who were smoking, drinking, laughing and
talking, and whose forms loomed indistinctly through the thick
smoke, tinted in one corner like a golden mist by the horizontal rays
of the setting sun that streamed obliquely through the end window.
On the right another open door revealed a large low-ceiled parlor,
with whitewashed walls and sanded floor, a broad window in front
filled with flowering plants in pots, and a broad fireplace at the back
filled with evergreen boughs and cut paper flowers. On the walls
were cheap colored pictures, purporting to be portraits of the queen
and members of the royal family. Against the walls were ranged
Windsor chairs. On the mantelpiece stood an eight-day clock,
flanked by a pair of sperm candles, in brass candlesticks.
In the middle of the floor stood a square table, covered with a
damask cloth as white as new fallen snow, and so smooth and glossy,
with such sharp lines where it had been folded, that proved it to have
been just taken from the linen press and spread upon the table.
The house might be old-fashioned and somewhat dilapidated, not
to say tumble-down, as to its outward appearance; but this large,
low-ceiled room was clean, neat, fresh and fragrant as it was possible
for a room to be.
“This is pleasant, isn’t it, papa?” said Wynnette, as she stood by the
flowery window, threw off her brown straw hat, pulled off her gloves,
drew off her duster, put them all upon one chair and dropped herself
into another.
“Yes. If the tea proves as good as the room, we shall be content,”
replied Mr. Force.
The man-of-all-work, who had slipped out and put on a clean
apron, and taken up a clean towel, with magical expedition, now
reappeared to take orders.
“What would you please to have, sir?”
“Tea for the party, and anything else you have in the house that is
good to eat with it.”
“Yes, sir.”
And the waiter pulled the white tablecloth this way and that and
smoothed it with the palms of his hands, apparently for no other
reason than to prove his zeal, for he did not improve the cloth.
Mr. Force and Le walked out “to look around,” they said.
 CHAPTER XXXIII
A CLEW

The one maid-of-all-work came in and asked the young lady if she
would not like to go to a room and wash her face and hands.
Wynnette decidedly would like it, and said so.
The girl was a fresh, wholesome-looking English lass, with rosy
cheeks and rippling red hair. She wore a dark blue dress of some
cheap woolen material, with a white apron and white collar.
She led the young lady out into the hall again, and up a flight of
broad stone steps to an upper hall, and thence into a front bed
chamber, immediately over the parlor.
Here again were the whitewashed walls, clean bare floor, the
broad, white-shaded window, the open fireplace filled with
evergreens, the polished wooden chairs, ranged along the walls, and
all the dainty neatness of the room below. There were, besides, a
white-curtained bed, with a strip of carpet on each side of it; a white-
draped dressing table with an oval glass, and a white-covered
washstand, with white china basin and ewer. In a word, it was a pure,
fresh, dainty, and fragrant white room.
“Oh, what a nice place! Oh, how I should like to stay here to-night,
instead of going further!” exclaimed Wynnette, appreciatively.
The girl made no reply, but began to lay out towels on the
washstand, and to pour water from the ewer into the basin.
“This is a very lonesome country, though, isn’t it?” inquired
Wynnette, who was bound to talk.
“There’s not a many gentry, ma’am. There be mill hands and
pitmen mostly about here,” said the girl.
 “Mill hands and pitmen! I saw no mills nor mines, either, as we
drove along.”
“No, ma’am; but they beant far off. The hills do hide them just
about here; but you might seen the high chimneys—I mean the tops
of ’em and the smoke.”
“Are they pitmen down there in the barroom?”
“In the taproom? Yes, ma’am. Mill hands, and farm hands, too.
They do come in at this hour for their beer and ’bacco.”
“Do you have many more customers besides these men?”
“Not ivery day, ma’am; but we hev the farmers on their way to
Middlemoor market stop here; and—and the gentry coming and
going betwixt the station and Fell Hall, or Middlemoor Court, or
Anglewood Manor, ma’am.”
“How far is Anglewood Manor from this?”
“About five miles, ma’am.”
“‘Five!’ Why, I thought it wasn’t more than four. The coachman
told us it was only six from the station and we have come two.”
“That was Anglewood village, I reckon, ma’am. That is only four
miles from here; but Anglewood Manor is a short mile beyant that.”
“Ah! Who keeps this inn? There is no name on the sign.”
“No, ma’am. It’s ‘T’ Whoit Coo.’ It allers hev been ‘T’ Whoit Coo,’
ma’am.”
“But who keeps it?” persisted inquisitive Wynnette.
“Oo! Me mawther keeps it, iver sin’ feyther deed, ma’am. Mawther
tends bar hersen, and Jonah waits and waters horses, and cleans
boots, and does odd jobs, and I be chambermaid.”
“Ah! and who is Jonah?”
“Me brawther.”
“Ah! And so your mother, your brother, and yourself do all the
work and run the hotel?”
“Yes, ma’am. It would no pay us else,” replied the “Maid of the
Inn,” who seemed to be as much inclined to be communicative as
Wynnette was to be inquisitive.
“Oh, well, it is lucky that you are all able to do so. But you have not
told me your name yet.”
 “Mine be Hetty Kirby, ma’am. Brawther Jonah’s be Jonah, and
mawther’s be the Widow Kirby,” definitely replied the girl.
“‘Kirby!’ Oh—why——Tell me, did you have a relation named John
Kirby go to America once upon a time?”
“Yes, ma’am, a long time ago, before I can remember, me Oncle
John Kirby, me feyther’s yo’ngest brawther, went there and never
come back.”
“Oh! And—is your grandfather living?”
The “Maid of the Inn” stared. What was all this to the young lady?
Wynnette interpreted her look and explained:
“Because, if he is living, I have got a letter and a bundle for him
from his son in New York.”
“Oh, Law! hev you, though, ma’am? Look at thet, noo! What
wonders in this world. The grandfeyther is living, ma’am, but not in
Moorton. He be lately coom to dwell wi’ ‘is son Job, me Oncle Job,
who be sexton at Anglewood church.”
“Sexton at Anglewood church! Is your uncle sexton at Anglewood
church? And does your grandfather, old Mr. Kirby, live with him?”
The maid of the inn stared again. Why should this strange young
lady take so much interest in the Kirbys?
Again Wynnette interpreted her look, and explained:
“Because if your grandfather does live there, it will save us a
journey to Moorton, as we are going to Anglewood, and can give him
the letter and parcel without turning out of our way,” she said; but
she was also thinking that if this old Kirby, to whom she was bringing
letters and presents from his son in America, was the father of the
sexton at Anglewood church, an inmate of his cottage, and probably
assistant in his work, these circumstances might greatly facilitate
their admission into vaults and mausoleums which the party had
come to see, but which might otherwise have been closed to them.
“Oh, ma’am,” said Hetty, “would you mind letting mawther see the
letter and parcel?”
“No, certainly not; but I have no right to let her open either of
them, you know.”
“She shawnt, ma’am; but it wull do the mawther good to see the
outside ’n ’em. And o’ Sunday, when she goes to church, she can see
the grandfeyther, and get to read t’ letter. And there be t’ bell, ma’am.
And we mun goo doon to tea.”
Wynnette was ready, and went downstairs, attended by the girl.
A dainty and delicious repast was spread upon the table. Tea,
whose rich aroma filled the room and proved its excellence, muffins,
sally-lunns, biscuits, buttered toast, rich milk, cream and butter,
fried chicken, poached eggs, sliced tongue and ham, radishes, pepper
grass, cheese, marmalade, jelly, pound cake and plum cake.
Wynnette’s eyes danced as she saw the feast.
“It is as good as a St. Mary’s county spread! And I couldn’t say
more for it if I were to talk all day!” she exclaimed, as she took her
place at the head of the table to pour out the tea.
Mr. Force asked a blessing, just as he would have done if he had
been at home, and then the three hungry travelers “fell to.”
“Father,” said Wynnette, when she had poured out the tea, which
Hetty began to hand around, “do you know the Widow Kirby who
keeps this hotel——”
“Inn, my dear—inn,” amended the squire. “I am so happy to find
myself in an old-fashioned inn that I protest against its being
insulted with the name of hotel.”
“All right, squire,” said Wynnette.
“‘A sweet by any other smell would name as rose,’

or words to that effect. The landlady of this hostelry—I should say

tavern—I mean inn—the landlady of this inn is the Widow Kirby,
sister-in-law to the baggage master who took care of Joshua, and
from whom we brought the letter and parcel, you know. And this
young person is his niece, and the man who drove us here is his
nephew. And his brother is sexton at Anglewood Church, and his
father lives there. Now! What do you think of that?”
“We knew from the baggage master that the Kirbys lived in
Lancashire, so we need not be surprised to find them here.”
“But, papa, Lancashire is a large place.”
“My love, it has been said that the habitable globe is but a small
place, and we are always sure to meet some of the same people
everywhere.”