Unit 1- Test 1

I. Find the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the
following questions.
1. A. habit B. balance C. examine D. label
2. A. micron B. diet C. give D. diameter
3. A. full B. cut C. suffer D. muscle
4. A. energy B. treatment C. strength D. nutrient
5. A. expectancy B. repetitive C. fitness D. germ
6. A. take B. squat C. stay D. replace
7. A. spot B. work C. from D. antibiotic
8. A. ingredient B. strength C. infectious D. exercise
9. A. yoghurt B. healthy C. holiday D. human
10. A. animal B. bacteria C. range D. active
II. Find the word that differs from the other three in the position of stress in each of the following
questions.
1. A. examine B. diet C. energy D. active
2. A. balanced B. habit C. treatment D. expectancy
3. A. muscle B. ingredient C. suffer D. nutrient
4. A. fitness B. yoghurt C. repetitive D. organism
5. A. replace B. micron C. healthy D. lifestyle
6. A. vaccine B. organism C. bacteria D. virus
7. A. infectious B. disease C. poisoning D. illness
8. A. burger B. exercise C. tuberculosis D. regular
9. A. label B. vegetable C. physical D. antibiotic
10. A. frequent B. amount C. mental D. quality
III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. During the COVID ___________, residents were advised to stay at home to avoid further spread of the
disease.
A. pandemic B. complication C. side effects D. enamel
2. There have been great advances in the ________ of cancer.
A. treatment B. diet C. celebration D. enthusiasm
3. You can change your eating habits and lead a healthier ________.
A. health B. development C. lifestyle D. muscles
4. Computers are now being brought into this career to perform ________ tasks.
A. possible B. inactive C. complete D. repetitive
5. The instructions give a balanced ________ and protect against infections.
A. physic B. treatment C. diet D. injury
6. You must be very ________ if you do so much running.
A. fit B. active C. complete D. infectious
7. Regular exercise will help to strengthen your ________.
A. lifestyle B. muscles C. treatment D. development
8. We focus on the importance of ________ participation by elderly people in the life of the community.
A. huge B. contagious C. repetitive D. active
9. The doctor told him to ________ on his drinking.
A. look at B. cut down C. work out D. suffer from
10. I'm taking ________ for a throat infection.
A. antibiotics B. natural remedies C. traditional therapies D. acupressure
11. The screens _______ blued light that can prevent you from sleeping well.
A. give away B. give out C. give in D. give off
12. In order to have good _______, you should eat lightly and laugh cheerfully.
A. spirit B. body C. health D. mood
13. Some alcoholics ________ liver cancer when they drink heavily.
A. contain B. repeat C. develop D. replace
14. Pregnant women should ________ certain foods such as raw eggs.
A. eat B. avoid C. promise D. apologize
15. Some _______ help the human body fight disease.
A. animals B. species C. bacteria D. diseases
16. Some unhygienic conditions encourage the _______ of disease.
A. development B. increase C. decrease D. spread
17. Foot and mouth disease is caused by a highly _______ virus which animals either eat or inhale.
A. infect B. infection C. infectious D. infectiously
18. _______ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.
A. Life work B. Life force C. Life expectancy D. Life skills
19. The poor boy had a serious chest ______ which had spread into his lungs causing a very painful cough.
A. sickness B. indisposition C. infection D. indigestion
20. A well- ______ diet is the key to a happy and healthy life.
A. balanced B. informed C. preserved D. mannered
21. The patient is _______ treatment, so there is nothing more we can do.
A. resisting B. defying C. refusing D. opposing
22. Some of the tasks required considerable physical ________.
A. mineral B. energy C. muscle D. strength
23. They are looking ________ ways to add further value to their products.
A. about B. up C. for D. to
24. His back injury may prevent him ________ playing in tomorrow's game.
A. in B. at C. with D. from
25. Cut down ________ fatty foods if you want to lose weight.
A. for B. with C. at D. on
26. Diseases that were once thought incurable can be treated ________ antibiotics
A. with B. under C. in D. about
27. She suffers ________ a rare bone disease.
A. with B. on C. from D. for
28. We _________since we left school.
A. don’t meet B. haven’t met C. hasn’t met D. didn’t meet
29. Peter has played football ________ he was a child.
A. for B. so C. since D. because
30. She _________ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted.
A. will have run B. was running C. has run D. has been running
31. I haven’t met him again since we _________ school ten years ago.
A. have left B. leave C. left D. had left
32. Ba ___________ the cap all day yesterday.
A. wear B. wears C. weared D. wore
33. This room _______ since I was born.
A. has been painted B. was painted C. painted D. has painted
34. Where_________ you__________ on the Tet holiday last year?
A. do - go B. did - gone C. did – go D. did - went
35. I can’t find my eraser. Have you seen it ________?
A. never B. before C. recently D. just
36. He can’t come with us because he has ________ broken his leg.
A. ever B. never C. yet D. just
37. _______ people used to read more.
A. Twenty years before B. Twenty years ago
C. For twenty years D. Since twenty years
38. I _______ there once a long time ago and _______ back since.
A. was / have not been B. had been / was not
C. would be / had not been D. have been / will not be
39. In the past, people _________ to the beach more often.
A. have gone B. used to go C. were going D. had gone
40. Where _________Nam from yesterday?
A. am B. is C. was D. Were
41. For the past five years, Iceland __________ in the first rank of educational achievement and improvement
in women's economic conditions.
A. have been B. has been C. has have being D. had been
42. I haven’t applied for this job ________.
A. just B. never C. ever D. yet
43. Has Mary listened to the song ________ 2 hours?
 A. for B. never C. ever D. yet
44. He has gone to the UK for further education since he ______ upper secondary school.
A. finished B. is finishing C. will finish D. finish
45. Since my grandfather learnt to use Facebook, he ______ many interesting stories on it.
A. had posted B. is posting C. posted D. has posted
46. Our life ______ significantly since the Internet was invented.
A. has changed B. had changed C. is changing D. changes
47. Hung used to go swimming during summer months when he ______ young.
A. is B. has been C. had been D. was
48. Our village ______ cleaner since some environmental campaigns were launched.
A. has become B. had become C. were D. will be
49. The workers of this factory ______ working since the pandemic broke out.
A. had stopped B. stopped C. stop D. have stopped
50. Since Lan moved to Paris, I ______ anything from her.
A. didn’t hear B. haven’t heard C. don’t hear D. wasn’t hearing
56. She hasn’t met her family ________ a long time.
A. since B. for C. in D. from
57. I have ________ drunk all the milk.
A. already B. yet C. since D.so far
58. Some students haven’t done their homework ________.
A. before B. yet C. so D. since
59. Men’s plateau in earnings _______ after the 1970s, allowing for the increase in women's wages to close the
ratio between incomes
A. began B. begin C. begun D. has begun
60. I__________ the bus yesterday.
A. can’t catch B. didn’t catch C. not catch D. weren’t catch
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following sentences.
1. Viruses are tiny germs that cause diseases in people, animals and plants. They are about 0.02 to 0.25
microns.
A. huge B. large C. small D. giant
2. Regular exercise can increase your fitness.
A. different B. changing C. unusual D. everyday
3. You can burn fat by doing this simple exercise routine. Repeat the actions again and again.
A. technique B. habit C. movement D. diet
4. Antibiotics are often used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
A. cure B. control C. reduce D. expand
5. Bacteria are so dangerous. Scientists should find a way to get rid of them all.
A. release B. waste C. remove D. erase
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following sentences.
1. To stay healthy, you should cut down on sugar and fast food.
A. increase B. reduce C. develop D. replace
2. How can we prevent diseases caused by viruses?
A. continue B. approve C. support D. avoid
3. Having a balanced diet is the key to a healthy lifestyle.
A. unreasonable B. fair C. equivalent D. suitable
4. They are not living things so they need to enter our bodies to become active.
A. alive B. effective C. idle D. mobile
5. They can cause a range of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases such as Covid-19.
A. severe B. unimportant C. thoughtful D. honest
VI. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. I am working out to be _____________________. This year I have gotten sick several times.
(HEALTH)
2. Taking exercises can help you improve your muscle _____________________. Therefore, you should
go to the gym more often. (STRONG)
3. Doctors will _____________________ patients thoroughly and give them the best treatments.
(EXAMINATION)
 4. Having coffee in the morning is a _____________________ routine of mine. It helps wake me up.
(REPEAT)
5. Be careful when you eat something unfamiliar. You may get food _____________________.
(POISON)
6. My uncle just opened a _____________________ centre recently. You can come to work out. (FIT)
7. COVID-19 is an _____________________ disease. It can easily transfer from one person to another.
(INFECT)
8. Some bacteria in our bodies are _____________________ while others are harmful, so we shouldn’t try
to kill all of them (HELP)
9. You should avoid having _____________________ drinks before going to bed. You cannot sleep after
drinking that. (ENERGETIC)
10. I am receiving _____________________ for my severe headaches. I have suffered from it for a week.
(TREAT)
VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs (past simple or present perfect) in
brackets.
1. The gym (be) ________________________ open since 2007. We enjoy working out in this gym as it
has modern equipment.
2. I (jog) ________________________ for 30 minutes last night to improve my fitness level.
3. My mom (practise) ___________________ yoga for years to improve her flexibility and health.
4. We (cook) ________________________ at home more often for the past 2 years so we had healthy
meals.
5. He (quit) ________________________ smoking 4 years ago in order to reduce the risk of developing
lung cancer and other health issues.
6. I (take) ________________________ meditation lessons for 2 months to reduce stress and improve my
mental health. Now I feel much better.
7. I (cut) ________________________ down on the amount of sugar last week to maintain a balanced
diet.
8. I (walk) ________________________ to work instead of driving last Monday to get some exercise.

VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct
it.
1. Last year, my grandpa quit smoking and start exercising regularly. He has got much stronger now.
A. quit B. start C. regularly D. has got
2. He usually drank a protein shake after his workout to build up his muscles.
A. drank B. workout C. up D. muscles
3. He gave in cycling 5 years ago when he got into an accident and broke his leg. It was such a pity as he was a
potential cyclist.
A. in B. ago C. got into D. broke
4. You should not always use antibiotic when you get sick. It will cause antibiotic resistance in the future,
which is harmful to your body.
A. always B. antibiotic C. which D. to
5. People now are healthier and can live longer and life expectancy has been increased over the last few
decades.
A. healthier B. and C. been increased D. over
6. People started using this kind of diet for 10 years ago because this helped them to lose weight.
A. started B. for C. ago D. helped
7. My grandmother is still very flexible now even though she is 75 as she has been taking in aerobics for years.
A. still B. even though C. has been taking D. in
8. If you want to maintain a healthy weight, you should have snacks between meals.
A. maintain B. a C. should D. between
IX. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.
In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become more important than ever
before. A healthy lifestyle involves making conscious choices about what we eat, how much we exercise and
how we prioritise sleep. By adopting healthy habits, we can prevent chronic diseases, improve our physical and
mental health, and live a happier and more fulfilling life.
A balanced diet is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can provide the essential nutrients needed to maintain good health.
Processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated fats should be avoided as they can lead to obesity, heart disease,
and other chronic illnesses.
Regular exercises are also crucial for a healthy lifestyle. They help in strengthening muscles and bones,
improving cardiovascular health, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Exercises also release endorphins,
which are natural mood boosters and can help reduce stress levels. Experts recommend at least 30 minutes of
moderate intensity exercises per day for adults.
Adequate sleep is another important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. Getting 7-8 hours of sleep per night
can improve cognitive function, enhance memory, and promote physical and emotional health. A regular sleep
routine, avoiding caffeine and electronics before bedtime, and creating a relaxing sleep environment can help
improve sleep quality.
In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle requires a balanced diet, regular exercises and adequate sleep. By
making small changes to our lifestyle, we can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve our
physical and mental health, and live a happier and more fulfilling life. It is essential to prioritise healthy habits
and make them a part of our daily routine.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Have a Healthy Lifestyle B. The Importance of Exercises
C. Our Daily Routine D. The Well-being of the Brain
2. According to the passage, people should avoid ______ before bedtime to have a good sleep.
A. processed food B. caffeine C. whole grains D. endorphins
3. The word “them” in the last paragraph is referred to ______.
A. regular exercises B. chronic diseases C. small changes D. healthy habits
4. The word “adequate” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. enough B. poor C. amiable D. exceptional
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Adults are advised to exercise moderately for 30 minutes every day.
B. Adequate sleep can help enhance memory.
C. People should avoid all kinds of fats to maintain good health.
D. Endorphins help reduce stress.
X. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given
(NG).
A balanced diet is a crucial factor in maintaining a healthy life. It refers to a diet that contains all the
essential nutrients in the right proportion to support proper bodily functions. The effects of a balanced diet are
numerous, and it plays a significant role in promoting overall health and well-being.
Firstly, a balanced diet can help maintain a healthy weight. Consuming foods that are high in fibre, such
as whole grains and fruits, can help promote feelings of fullness and prevent overeating. A balanced diet can
also help regulate blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of developing diabetes.
In addition, a balanced diet can improve mental health and cognitive function. Eating foods that are rich
in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish, can improve brain function and reduce the risk of depression and
anxiety.
Furthermore, a balanced diet can enhance physical performance and energy levels. Consuming foods
that are rich in complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains and fruits, can provide the necessary energy to
support physical activity and exercise.
In conclusion, a balanced diet is essential to promoting a healthy life. It provides the necessary nutrients
to support bodily functions, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, maintain a healthy weight, improve mental
health and cognitive function, and enhance physical performance and energy levels. Incorporating a balanced
diet into one’s lifestyle can have a significant impact on overall health and quality of life.

1. Eating fruits can help you feel full faster. _________

2. A balanced diet cannot contribute to controlling blood sugar levels. _________
3. All fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. _________
4. Fruits are the most recommended food for people who exercise. _________
5. A balanced diet can affect the body both physically and mentally. _________
XI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best fits
each of the numbered blanks.
Yoga is a practice that has been around for thousands of years and has (1) ______ popularity in recent
years (2) ______ its numerous health benefits. Yoga involves a combination of physical postures, breathing
techniques, and meditation to promote overall health and well-being.
 (3) ______ of the key benefits of yoga is its ability (4) ______ stress and anxiety. Yoga postures and
breathing techniques can help calm the mind and reduce stress levels, (5) ______ can have a positive impact on
mental health.
In addition, yoga can improve flexibility and balance. The physical postures, or asanas, (6) ______
yoga can help stretch and strengthen muscles, improve range of motion, and enhance balance and coordination.
Yoga can also help improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure and improving
circulation. Studies have shown that regular (7) ______ of yoga can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce
the risk (8) ______ heart diseases.
Moreover, yoga can improve respiratory function by promoting deep (9) ______ and increasing lung
capacity. This can be especially beneficial for individuals with respiratory (10) ______ such as asthma.

1. A. gained B. taken C. set D. received

2. A. of B. in C. for D. from
3. A. One B. Each C. Every D. Any
4. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduce D. to reducing
5. A. when B. where C. that D. which
6. A. for B. by C. in D. on
7. A. doing B. practice C. dose D. proportion
8. A. in B. on C. from D. of
9. A. breathing B. breaths C. breathe D. breathable
10. A. illness B. conditions C. disease D. problem

XIII. Rewrite each sentence using the given word in brackets as long as its meaning stays the same as the
original one.
1. He gave up playing basketball 3 years ago. (FOR)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. We need to reduce the amount of fast food if we don’t want to get heart diseases in the future. (CUT)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. He has cooked for the family for 10 years. (STARTED)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Having a good sleep at night is really important. (IT)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why don’t you go to the gym with me next week? (HOW)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

The End

Unit 2- Test 1
I. Find the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the
following questions.
1. A. belief B. express C. gender D. Millennial
2. A. nuclear B. critical C. curious D. accept
3. A. hire B. conflict C. limit D. influence
4. A. hold B. honesty C. housework D. historical
5. A. generation B. digital C. argue D. damage
6. A. take B. male C. native D. argument
7. A. job B. role C. follow D. electronic
8. A. family B. value C. media D. characteristic
9. A. suit B. screen C. social D. individualism
10. A. device B. difference C. thinker D. experience
II. Find the word that differs from the other three in the position of stress in each of the following
questions.
1. A. argument B. nuclear C. belief D. gender
2. A. value B. experience C. thinker D. curious
3. A. millennial B. digital C. freedom D. honesty
4. A. express B. native C. media D. platform
5. A. influence B. limit C. damage D. opinion
6. A. conflict B. eyesight C. characteristic D. common
7. A. music B. social C. footstep D. extended
8. A. follow B. accept C. hire D. family
9. A. adapt B. difference C. parent D. children
10. A. generational B. individualism C. housework D. electronic
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. No hurting anyone's feelings or body, and asking permission to borrow other people's belongings are
examples of _________ behavior.
A. mature B. cultural C. curious D. respectful
2. As children get older and more _________, the rules can develop with them.
A. common B. influent C. mature D. generational
3. If household chores are shared, the _________ is lighter on everyone.
A. burden B. argument C. extension D. female
4. Rap music appeared on the _________ in the early 1980s.
A. curiosity B. scene C. uniform D. duty
5. There are various techniques you can use to try and avoid family _______.
A. argument B. debate C. conflict D. qua
6. Personal computers are nearly as _______ in American homes as televisions.
A. common B. popular C. prominent D. dominant
7. Scientists are considering the widening _______ between the rich and the poor.
A. distance B. gap C. space. D. All are correct
8. People must accept each other's _______ differences.
A. well-behaved B. extensive C. respectable D. cultural
9. Luckily, we were all _______ for the storm.
A. prepared B. different C. historical D. inexperienced
10. Exercise classes are a good way to keep fit and improve your _______ life.
A. critical B. curious C. social D. generational
11. One of the greatest _______ figures of all times is Alexander the Great.
A. creative B. popular C. technological D. historical
12. Her shouting attracted some _______ glances from other people in the restaurant.
A. curious B. wide C. traditional D. cultural
13. Students are encouraged to develop _______ thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning
them.
A. invaluable B. historical C. critical D. economical
14. They are _______ a new sound system for the show.
A. rely on B. depend on C. trying out D. take away
15. Several factors are likely to _______ this decision.
A. influence B. support C. value D. introduce
16. Television can have a positive influence _______ young people.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
17. I have the greatest respect _______ her work.
A. with B. about C. for D. to
18. These societies have to change their attitudes _______ women.
A. about B. towards C. from D. in
19. Hoa is completely different _______ her sister.
A. at B. to C. for D. from
20. The children are finding it hard to adapt _______ the new school.
A. to B. by C. in D. at
21. Mr. Hung is a doctor and expects his son to follow _______ his footsteps.
A. up B. in C. on D. at
22. Students _______ cheat in the exams; it is against the rules.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
23. Students _______ go to school on Sundays; there is no class then.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
24. This is a closed-book exam, so you _______ use any reference books in the examination room.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
25. The project work in this semester is optional, so students _______ do it.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
26. All students _______ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should B. have to C. ought to D. must
27. My car broke down yesterday, so I _______ catch a taxi to the office.
A. have to B. had better C. had to D. has to
28. You _______ tell anyone what I've revealed to you. It's still a secret.
A. mustn't B. had better not C. ought not to D. don't have to
29. When playing or swimming in the pool, children _______ be accompanied by their parents.
A. should B. must C. don't have to D. have to
30. We _______ go to work by car. Sky train is a wise choice during rush hour.
A. ought to B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. have to
31. You _______ finish your homework before you go to bed.
A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to
32. This warning sign indicates that you _______ step on the grass.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. ought not to
33. I will lend you some money, but you _______ pay it back to me next week.
A. should B. have to C. must D. mustn't
34. Hoa _______ feed the cats because her mother has done it already.
A. has to B. doesn't have to C. must D. Both A and C
35. Those audiences _______ show their tickets before entering the concert hall.
A. have to B. must C. ought to D. don't have to
36. The children _______ spend too much time playing computer games.
A. mustn't B. ought to not C. shouldn't D. Both B and C
37. Water park is free for kids under 6 years old, so you _______ pay money for your son.
A. have to B. mustn't C. should D. don't have to
38. You look totally exhausted. You _______ take a rest instead of working overtime.
A. should B. ought C. must D. has better
39. Anyone _______ have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.
A. ought to B. must C. should D. has to
40. In the peak season, travellers _______ book their accommodation in advance.
A. have to B. must C. should D. ought
IV. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. People from different generations may sometimes get into __________________ over viewpoints.
(ARGUE)
2. Hung is a __________________ thinker. He always tries to look into things from different aspects and
contributes to work out a better solution. (CRITIC)
3. Children nowadays can make use of __________________ media very easily. They learn things faster
than their previous generations. (SOCIETY)
4. People of the same generations often share common __________________.(BELIEVE)
5. Parents often encourage their children to follow their native country’s __________________ values.
(CULTURE)
6. Each generation has __________________ experiences, values, and perspectives. (DIFFERENCE)
7. My father and I have a common __________________. We usually look at things on the bright side and
never give up. (CHARACTER)
8. Living in an __________________ family has several benefits. For example, children can play with
their cousins, which is fun. (EXTEND)
9. The younger generation brings __________________ opinions and innovative ideas to the company.
(VALUE)
10. The __________________ conflicts within the family can get worse if family members do not spend
quality time with each other. (GENERATION)
V. Choose the appropriate modal verb.
1. Children must / mustn’t recognize the importance of family traditions and cultural values, even if they
may seem outdated in the modern world.
2. Grandparents shouldn’t / should learn how to use smartphones or social media to stay connected with
their grandchildren.
3. Children have to / don’t have to respect old people because they have lots of life experiences.
 4. Parents mustn’t / don’t have to force their children to follow their jobs; instead, they should give advice
and let their children choose their own careers.
5. Older generations must / had to rely on physical newspapers or books for information, but today’s
youth don’t have to, thanks to the internet.
6. Teenagers must / mustn’t appreciate the efforts their parents make for them, even if they don’t always
agree.
7. Teenagers should / shouldn’t listen to their parents’ advice and guidance, as they can help them
overcome difficult situations.
8. In previous generations, women had to / must follow specific gender roles, but today they don’t have to
/ mustn’t limit their dreams and can pursue any career they like.
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. In the past, children had to obey their parents without question their authority.
A. In B. had to C. without D. question
2. The generation gap between grandparents and grandchildren can lead to differences on musical preferences
and tastes.
A. between B. lead to C. on D. tastes
3. The generation gap can effect fashion trends and styles, with each generation having their own unique sense
of fashion and aesthetic preferences.
A. effect B. with C. having D. of
4. Younger generations don’t have to rely solely at traditional sources of information; they can access
knowledge through the Internet.
A. don’t have to B. at C. access D. through
5. Children don’t have to take responsibility for their actions and face the consequences.
A. don’t have to B. take C. for D. consequences
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best
fits each of the numbered blanks.
Generational conflicts are an (1) ______ aspect of human interaction, arising from the differing beliefs,
values, and experiences of individuals from different age (2) ______. These conflicts often appear as a result of
social and cultural changes (3) ______ shape each generation’s perspectives and attitudes.
One common source of generational conflict is the technological matter. Younger generations, (4)
______ have grown up in the digital age, tend to be more used to using technology and embracing new digital
platforms. (5) ______, older generations may struggle to adapt (6) ______ rapidly evolving technologies,
leading to misunderstandings and communication gaps.
Moreover, generational conflicts can stem from differences (7) ______ social norms and values. Each
generation is influenced by the common social, political, and economic conditions of their time, which shape
their beliefs and behaviours. These differences can lead to arguments over issues such as social justice,
environmental sustainability, and (8) ______ practices.
To prevent generational conflicts, it is crucial to promote understanding and open dialogue between
generations. Recognizing and appreciating the unique perspectives and experiences of (9) ______ generation
can help narrow the gaps and promote mutual respect. By actively listening, embracing diversity, and finding
(10) ______ ground, we can avoid generational conflicts.

1. A. inevitable B. uncertain C. impossible D. unlikely

2. A. gatherings B. teams C. groups D. gangs
3. A. who B. when C. where D. which
4. A. that B. who C. which D. why
5. A. Therefore B. In addition C. In contrast D. Next
6. A. to B. in C. at D. over
7. A. on B. for C. of D. in
8. A. culture B. cultures C. cultural D. cultured
9. A. any B. some C. each D. few
10. A. usual B. finite C. refined D. common
VIII. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Family conflicts are an inherent part of human relationships, stemming from the diverse personalities,
perspectives, and dynamics within a family unit. These conflicts can arise due to various factors, including
differences in values, communication styles, and expectations.
One common source of family conflict is different values and beliefs. Each family member may have
their own set of values and principles, influenced by their upbringing, personal experiences, and social
influences. These differences can lead to disagreements, particularly when it comes to important decisions or
lifestyle choices.
Communication breakdowns also contribute to family conflicts. Ineffective communication, whether it
be through misinterpretation, misunderstandings, or lack of active listening, can exacerbate tensions and
escalate conflicts within the family. Different communication styles and approaches further complicate matters,
as individuals may have varying preferences for directness, assertiveness, or emotional expression.
Moreover, unfulfilled expectations often become a source of conflict within families. Each family
member may have their own set of expectations regarding roles, responsibilities, and behaviours. When these
expectations are not met, it can lead to disappointment, resentment, and conflicts.
Resolving family conflicts requires open and honest communication and empathy. Active listening,
seeking to understand others’ perspectives, and finding common ground can help bridge the gaps and foster
understanding within the family unit. Family members should also be willing to adapt and adjust their
expectations for peaceful coexistence.

1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Reasons for Family Conflicts B. How Conflicts Affect Family
C. How to Avoid Family Conflicts D. Disadvantages of Conflicts
2. A person’s beliefs and principles are NOT influenced by ______.
A. social factors B. personal experiences
C. upbringing environment D. disagreements
3. The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. belief B. family conflict
C. ineffective communication D. tension
4. The word “exacerbate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. mend B. worsen C. fulfil D. thrive
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Conflicts may result from people feeling disappointed when their expectations are not met.
B. Family members need to listen and find common ground to understand each other better.
C. People don’t have to give up their desires to get along with each other.
D. The differences in communication styles can lead to family conflicts.
IX. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given
(NG).
Communication conflicts among different generations are a prevalent issue in contemporary society. As
each generation is shaped by unique experiences, values, and communication styles, misunderstandings and
conflicts often arise. These conflicts result from a lack of understanding and empathy for each other’s
perspectives.
One significant contributing factor to these conflicts is the rapid advancement of technology. Older
generations may struggle to adapt to the digital age, while younger generations are immersed in it. This
difference in technological proficiency can create a gap in communication. For instance, older individuals
might find it challenging to use social media platforms or new modes of communication like emojis and
abbreviations. On the other hand, younger individuals may overlook the importance of face-to-face
conversations and rely heavily on text-based interactions.
Moreover, different attitudes towards authority and social ranking can also lead to communication
conflicts. Older generations often value respect to authority figures, while younger generations tend to prioritise
equality and question traditional social ranking. These contrasting viewpoints can result in misunderstandings
and disagreements during discussions or decision-making processes.
To address communication conflicts among different generations, fostering empathy and open-
mindedness is crucial. Both younger and older individuals must make an effort to understand each other’s
communication styles, preferences, and underlying values. This can be achieved through active listening,
patience, and a willingness to learn from one another. Additionally, bridging the digital gap through inter-
generational technology training programs can help older individuals feel more included and competent in the
digital age.
_______ 1. Older generations find it hard to understand new forms of communications like abbreviation.
_______ 2. Younger generations show their respect to authority figures.
_______ 3. Digital gap is not a cause for communication breakdown.
_______ 4. Nowadays, different generations do not often talk to each other.
_______ 5. A technology training program including both young and old generations can help reduce the digital
gap.
XI. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the given
sentences.
1. Teenagers should be more patient when communicating with their parents and grandparents.
A. Teenagers should have more patience when talking to their parents and grandparents.
B. Grandparents and parents need to be more patient when talking to teenagers.
C. Teenagers find it hard to be with their parents and grandparents.
D. Communication is hard between teenagers and their parents and grandparents.
2. He is older than you. You cannot treat him like that.
A. You treat him like you are older than him.
B. You mustn’t treat him that way as he is older than you.
C. You should treat him the same regardless of his age.
D. Although he is older, you don’t have to treat him differently.
3. Using laptops and smartphones too much leads to sleep and weight problems.
A. There are no connections between laptop and smartphone use and sleep or weight.
B. Sleep and weight problems are unrelated to the use of laptops and smartphones.
C. The more you use laptops and smartphones, the more sleep and weight problems you will have.
D. The more you use laptops and smartphones, the more sleep and weight benefits you’ll have.
4. Asian American parents may fail to have their children follow the family traditional values.
A. Asian American parents find it effortless to pass down traditional values to their children.
B. Asian American parents may not always succeed in passing down their family’s traditional values to
their children.
C. Asian American parents easily maintain their children’s devotion to traditional values.
D. The failure of Asian American parents to promote traditional values is uncommon.
5. Many Gen Zers are also interested in starting their own companies.
A. Gen Zers lack interest in starting their own businesses.
B. Only a few Gen Zers show enthusiasm for establishing their own companies.
C. Generation Z is mainly uninterested in starting their own businesses.
D. A number of Gen Zers have a keen interest in starting their own companies.

The End

Unit 3: Cities of the world

I. Find the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the
following questions.
1. A. vehicle B. housing C. neighbourhood D. high-rise
2. A. carbon B. centre C. cope D. article
3. A. liveable B. interact C. install D. privacy
4. A. area B. gas C. tram D. transport
5. A. dweller B. sensor C. pedal D. problem
6. A. public B. refund C. urban D. underground
7. A. footprint B. city C. biodiversity D. farming
8. A. skyscraper B. garden C. sustainable D. space
9. A. operate B. computer C. community D. recommendation
10. A. smart B. pedestrian C. prescription D. organisation
II. Find the word that differs from the other three in the position of stress in each of the following
questions.
1. A. city B. area C. public D. install
2. A. private B. transport C. sustainable D. vehicle
3. A. biodiversity B. dweller C. sensor D. infrastructure
4. A. problem B. carbon C. footprint D. computer
5. A. building B. controlled C. centre D. urban
6. A. emission B. farming C. underground D. skyscraper
7. A. liveable B. privacy C. pedestrian D. cybercrime
8. A. interact B. article C. neighbourhood D. operate
9. A. pedal B. community C. reader D. greenhouse
10. A. booking B. rooftop C. future D. prescription
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The _______ in the city is becoming increasingly severe, with high prices and limited affordable options for
residents.
A. housing problem B. house problem C. rooftop farming D. rooftop farm
2. _______ plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
A. Biodiversity B. Infrastructure C. Refund D. Privacy
3. Da Nang is considered one of the most _______ cities in Viet Nam. You can enjoy the beautiful scenery and
delicious cuisine there.
A. living B. liven C. lived D. liveable
4. In future cities, people will interact _______ their surroundings like never before using intelligent
infrastructure and smart devices.
A. through B. with C. from D. to
5. Future cities are _______ sustainable architecture and renewable energy systems.
A. run out of B. put off C. made up of D. taken after
6. _______ buildings provide urban areas with enough accommodation.
A. High-rise B. Rising high C. Height rising D. Rise-high
7. The city is designed with well-planned parking _______ for residents, visitors, and commuters.
A. paces B. faces C. spaces D. laces
8. You can book a restaurant through the mobile _______. How convenient it is!
A. cap B. article C. route D. app
9. Regular medical _______ are essential for detecting potential health issues early and maintaining overall
health.
A. take-ups B. check-ups C. make-ups D. fill-ups
10. As cities become increasingly connected, the risk of _______ becomes a pressing concern for urban
residents and businesses.
A. card reader B. appointment C. cybercrime D. household chore
11. The mining project threatens one of the world's richest areas of __________.
A. collection B. variety C. biodiversity D. numerous
12. Visitors can wander around here without difficulty because most of the antique area is now a
pedestrian____.
A. traffic B. crossing C. site D. zone
13. The holiday cottage has many green touches, including __________ cleaning products.
A. friendly B. eco-friendly C. ecological D. economical
14. The Saudi government is investing billions in __________ to support the enormous influx of people in
Mecca.
A. streets B. roads C. bridges D. infrastructure
15. We must improve the environment through __________ design and greener buildings.
A. sustainable B. lifelong C harmless D. sustained
16. I'll feel __________ when my exams are over.
A. happily B. more happily C. happy D. more happy
17. Although the dish smelt __________, he refused to eat saying that he was not hungry.
A. bad B. good C. well D. worse
18. The fish tastes __________ I won't eat it.
A. awful B. awfully C. more awfully D. as awful
19. The situation looks __________. We must do something.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
20. He seemed to me a bit __________ today.
A. badly B. awfully C. strangely D. strange
21. The museum looks _______ from a distance. We have to visit it.
A. beautiful B. beauty C. beautifully D. beautified
22. The traffic jam _______ worse and worse. It takes me 30 minutes to get to my office.
A. got B. gets C. is getting D. will get
23. I _______ visiting this exhibition. It shows the design of modern buildings and how technologies can be
integrated into our life.
A. am loving B. love C. loved D. was loving
24. Widening the road seems _______ to the city’s traffic network.
A. benefit B. beneficially C. benefits D. beneficial
25. The food in this restaurant _______ really good. A robot makes this dish. I cannot believe it!
 A. smells B. sounds C. tastes D. appears
26. Please stop talking. I _______ of a new idea for this building design.
A. think B. am thinking C. thought D. was thinking
27. The tram system in Denmark _______ upgraded at the moment. I hope it will be finished soon.
A. is B. was C. will be D. is being
28. Minh _______ a talented city planner. He can come up with many creative ideas.
A. seems B. is seeming C. will seem D. is seemed
29. We should develop such _______ sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy.
A. tradition B. alternative C. revolutionary D. surprising
30. City _______ can enjoy better health care than people living in the countryside, but they are usually busier
and more stressed because of the city's fast pace of life.
A. dwellers B. inhabitants C. infrastructure D. ancestors
31. Someone who is _______ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.
A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic
32. Constant _______ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here.
A. threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threateningly
33. This _______ city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest quality of life.
A. environmental friendly B. environmentally friendly
C. environment friend D. friendly environmentally
34. All fossil fuels are ______ resources that cannot be replaced after use.
A. unlimited B. renewable C. available D. non- renewable
35. Some people think that in order to deal with the problem of congestion in cities. ______ vehicles should be
banned in city centres while others consider this to be
an unrealistic solution.
A. delivery B. police C. private D. public
36. The war has badly damaged the country’s ______.
A. building B. skyscraper C. infrastructure D. centre
37. New York City is expected to increase its ______ energy capacity by 50% by 2050.
A. fossil fuel B. nonrenewable C. renewable D. limited
38. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people's ______ of life.
A. pace B. infrastructure C. habitat D. quality
39. In smart cities, Al technologies will be installed to help the city ______ more efficiently.
A. exhibit B. design C. operate D. impress
40. Modern infrastructure will also be more ______. Electric buses and trains will produce less greenhouse gas
emissions.
A. ecological friendly B. eco-friendly
C. environment friendly D. environmental friendly
41. The restaurant is at the top of one of the big downtown ______.
A. space B. skyscrapers C. energy D. fields
42. Most of the ______ population we will see in 2050 will be in cities that don't even exist yet in Africa,
Southeast Asia, China, Central and South America.
A. liveable B. sustainable C. overcrowded D. urban
43. In fact, India is projected to add 404 million city ______ to its population by 2050.
A. dwellers B. governments C. authorities D. researchers
44. London has recently started a new traffic light system that ______ when a lot of cyclists are approaching
and stays green longer to aid traffic flow.
A. urbanize B. pollutes C. detects D. displays
45. The city of the future should have the ______ and transportation which link the needs of citizens of all
generations.
A. sensor B. infrastructure C. robot D. dweller
46. Technology will make public transport faster, more ______, and more eco-friendly.
A. available B. convenient C. empty D. popular
47. The skyscraper ______ people’s attention because of its unusual architecture.
A. attracts B. pays C. gives D. pays
48. Street lights can turn off when the streets are empty, and ______ can inform waste collection teams when
the bins are full.
A. authorities B. infrastructure C. sensors D. facilities
49. Songdo is unique, offering city ______ something they have never had access
to before.
A. infrastructure B. environmentalists C. inhabitants D. researchers
50. The city officials are ______ that the downtown will continue to be a green
population center.
A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic
51. This rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as ______ roads.
A. urban B. sustainable C. liveable D. overcrowded
52. Eco-friendly transport systems will reduce greenhouse gas ______.
A. release B. launch C. discharge D. emissions
53. In addition, more ______ zones for walking and cycle paths will be made available for people in all
neighbourhoods.
A. comfort B. safety C. security D. pedestrian
IV. Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. The city values privacy as a fundamental right, implementing measures to safeguard personal data.
A. publicity B. confidentiality C. space D. endurability
2. The route recommendation system in the city uses artificial intelligence algorithms and real-time traffic data
to reduce travel time.
A. suggestion B. denial C. refusal D. opposition
3. The customer care policies allow residents and businesses to request and receive refunds for services easily.
A. penalties B. credits C. fines D. compensations
4. The city operates efficiently through a network of public services and innovative technologies.
A. releases B. overlooks C. functions D. neglects
5. Future cities will need to implement innovative solutions to cope with the challenges of rapid urbanization
and population growth.
A. deal with B. get rid of C. run for D. do away with
V. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Doctors are responsible for giving out ____________________, so people can get the right medicines
and treatments for their health problems. (PRESCRIBE)
2. The city uses smart technology and sustainable practices to save energy and manage resources
____________________. (EFFICIENCY)
3. The city focuses on creating a ____________________ environment, by creating more green spaces and
reliable infrastructure. (LIFE)
4. With a more efficient public transportation system, the city encourages more residents to use
____________________ vehicles. (PRIVACY)
5. The city implements convenient card ____________________ systems across public transportation and
key facilities. (READ)
6. In future cities, ____________________ will be widely used to gather real-time data and improve the
efficiency of various urban systems and services. (SENSE)
7. The city implements a user-friendly ____________________ platform allowing residents and tourists to
reserve various services easily. (BOOK)
8. ____________________ energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are crucial for reducing the use
of fossil fuels. (RENEW)
9. The government plays an important role in ____________________ protection by promoting green
spaces. (ENVIRONMENT)
10. Smart cities create environments where citizens can easily ____________________ with various urban
systems, such as transportation and public services. (INTERACTION)
Task 7. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. Cities worldwide are adopting eco-friendly / useless ideas such as renewable energy, green
transportation.
2. The city implemented various measures to reduce the number of crime victims / appointments in the
community.
3. The city offers various transportation options, making it easy for residents and visitors to work out / get
around and explore all its attractions.
 4. I spent my Saturday morning doing household chores / models like washing the dishes, cleaning the
floors, and folding clothes.
5. The city recently introduced renewable / electric buses as a sustainable and eco- friendly mode of public
transportation.

Task 1. Choose the appropriate verb form to complete the sentences.

1. Smart cities are becoming / become more efficient and connected.
2. Smart cities look / are looking modern with smart infrastructure and digital technologies everywhere.
3. The urban lifestyle is seeming / seems fast-paced and dynamic with endless opportunities for work,
entertainment, and cultural experiences.
4. The urban lifestyle is sounding / sounds busy with traffic and people talking all around.
5. He is thinking / thinks of buying a new apartment in this modern city. I think / am thinking it is a great
idea.
6. My mom is having / has a good time visiting some famous tourist attractions in Ha Noi.
7. I am on the 87th floor of this building. I am feeling / feel nauseous and dizzy right now because I am
scared of heights.
8. Ha Noi became / was becoming “the city for Peace” in 1999. I am living here now.
9.
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the mistake in each of the following sentences and correct
it.
1. Ha Noi becomes more modern these days. A lot of technologies have used to operate the city.
A. becomes B. these days C. have used D. operate
2. The urban lifestyle seems more excitingly to young people as they are energetic and can easily access
entertainment and education.
A. seems B. excitingly C. as D. access
3. The new technologies will help cities operate more efficient and save time by predicting changes in the
traffic.
A. will help B. efficient C. by D. changes
4. Computer-control transport systems like electric buses and trains will produce less greenhouse gas.
A. Computer-control B. like C. will produce D. less
5. The city authority wants to reduce people’s carbon footprint. More cycle paths will be taken available for
people who live in this city.
A. reduce B. carbon footprint C. taken D. live
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best fits
each of the numbered blanks.
Cities are about infrastructure. Senior citizens need to have (1) ______ to information about this
infrastructure to be (2) ______ to spend time in their neighbourhood and reduce their risk of isolation.
Growing numbers of active ageing seniors are “connected” everyday (3) ______ mobile phones to
interact with smart city services. (4) ______ have wearable devices like smart watches (5) ______ help monitor
and manage their health and physical activity.
These personal devices can also be used to better connect older adults to public data about urban
environments. (6) ______, imagine an age-friendly smart city “layer” linked (7) ______ a smart watch, to
highlight facilities such as public toilets, water fountains and shaded rest stops along exercise routes.
Access Map Seattle is an example of an age-friendly, (8) ______, smart city map that shows the
steepness of pedestrian footpaths and raised kerbs. The National Public Toilet Map, (9) ______ by the
Australian Department of Health and Ageing, and Barcelona’s smart app city are (10) ______ other mobile
apps integrating city services and urban plans.
Source: https://theconversation.com/this-is-how-we-create-the-age-friendly-smart-city-152973
1. A. knowledge B. access C. tools D. skills
2. A. motivated B. hindered C. asked D. demanded
3. A. use B. used C. to use D. using
4. A. Many B. Few C. Little D. Much
5. A. who B. why C. that D. where
6. A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. For example D. In addition
7. A. from B. to C. of D. in
8. A. interact B. interaction C. interactively D. interactive
9. A. create B. to create C. created D. creating
10. A. between B. among C. of D. from
X. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Cyber-security and technology ethics are important topics. Smart cities represent a complex new field
for governments, citizens, designers and security experts to navigate.
The privatisation of civic space and public services is a hidden cost too. The complexity of smart city
systems and their need for ongoing maintenance could lead to long-term reliance on a tech company to deliver
public services.
Many argue that, by improving data collection and monitoring and allowing for real-time responses,
smart systems will lead to better environmental outcomes. For instance, waste bins that alert city managers
when they need collecting, or that prompt recycling through tax credits, and street lamps that track movement
and adjust lighting levels have the potential to reduce energy use.
But this runs contrary to studies that show more information and communication technology actually
leads to higher energy use. At best, smart cities may end up a zero-sum game in terms of sustainability because
their “positive and negative impacts tend to cancel each other out”.
And then there’s the less-talked-about issue of e-waste, which is a huge global challenge. Adding
computers to objects could create what one writer has termed a new “internet of trash” - products designed to
be thrown away as soon as their batteries run down.
As cities become smart they need more and more objects - street lamps, public furniture, signboards - to
integrate sensors, screens, batteries and processors. Objects in our cities are usually built with durable materials,
which means they can be used for decades.
Computer processors and software systems, on the other hand, are short-lived and may need upgrading
every few years. Adding technology to products that didn’t have this in the past effectively shortens their life-
span and makes servicing, warranties and support contracts more complex and unreliable. One outcome could
be a landscape of smart junk - public infrastructure that has stopped working, or that needs ongoing
maintenance and upgrades.
Source: https://theconversation.com/technology-is-making-cities-smart-but-its-also-costing-the- environment-
99296
1. Which of the following will be the best title for the passage?
A. Downsides of Smart cities B. Technology in Smart cities
C. Energy use in Smart cities D. Benefits of Smart Cities
2. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. city managers B. smart systems C. environmental outcomes D. waste bins
3. The word “warranties” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. breaks B. guarantees C. fares D. data
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The authority can easily manage the complex smart city systems on their own.
B. There is no debate about the effect of smart cities.
C. People agree that smart cities use less energy than traditional cities.
D. Some studies argue that smart cities may not bring benefits in terms of sustainability.
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. E-waste is a problem in smart cities.
B. Computer processors need frequent upgrades.
C. Software systems are durable so they can be used for a long time.
D. E-waste is not an issue that is talked much about.

XI. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given
(NG).
A key feature of smart cities is that they create efficiency. Well-designed technology tools can benefit
government agencies, the environment and residents. Smart cities can improve the efficiency of city services by
eliminating redundancies, finding ways to save money and streamlining workers’ responsibilities. The results
can provide higher-quality services at lower cost.
For instance, in 2014, the Transport for London transit agency deployed a system that lets residents and
London’s 19 million visitors pay for bus and subway fares more quickly and safely than in the past. When
riders touch or tap their phone or other mobile device on a reader when entering and exiting the bus and subway
system, a wireless transaction deducts the appropriate amount from a user’s bank account.
 The city benefits by reducing the cost of administering its fare payment system, including avoiding
issuing and distributing special smartcards for use at fareboxes. Transit users benefit from the efficiency
through convenience, quick service and capped fares that calculate the best value for their contactless travel in a
day or across a seven-day period.
Another way to save money involves real-time monitoring of energy use, which can also identify
opportunities for environmental improvement.
The city of Chicago has begun implementing an “Array of Things” initiative by installing boxes on
municipal light poles with sensors and cameras that can capture air quality, sound levels, temperature, water
levels on streets and gutters, and traffic.
The data collected are expected to serve as a sort of “fitness tracker for the city,” by identifying ways to
save energy, to address urban flooding and improve living conditions.
Source: https://theconversation.com/how-to-ensure-smart-cities-benefit-everyone-65447

_________ 1. Smart cities can provide services at higher quality and cost.
_________ 2. People who use the bus and subway system in London can tap their credit cards on a reader to
pay for the fares.
_________ 3. The new fare payment helps reduce the cost of issuing cards for bus and subway users.
_________ 4. The data collected on the box on municipal light boxes will be used to solve flooding problems in
the city.
_________ 5. The sensors and cameras in the “Array of Things” project will be widely spread.

XIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the given
sentences.
1. Sensors and cameras collect information about people and their activities.
A. Sensors and cameras delete information about people and their activities.
B. Information about people and their activities are collected by sensors and cameras.
C. Information about people and their activities collected by sensors and cameras.
D. Sensors and cameras ignore information about people and their activities.
2. Without training, people will not know how to use the technologies in the smart city.
A. People will easily learn how to use the technologies in the smart city without training.
B. People may struggle to use the technologies in the smart city if they receive training.
C. People will know how to use the technologies in the smart city even without training.
D. People will lack the knowledge to use the technologies in the smart city without training.
3. The project aims to improve the city’s old infrastructure by creating more pedestrian zones and cycle paths.
A. The project intends to deteriorate the city’s existing infrastructure by reducing pedestrian zones and
cycle paths.
B. The project aims to prioritise the city’s old infrastructure by disregarding the need for pedestrian
zones and cycle paths.
C. The purpose of the project is to enhance the city’s outdated infrastructure by constructing additional
areas for pedestrians and cyclists.
D. The purpose of the project is to prioritise the city’s old infrastructure by neglecting the creation of
pedestrian zones and cycle paths.
4. According to some experts, the negative impacts on the environment of smart cities are fewer than normal
cities.
A. According to some experts, smart cities have more negative impacts on the environment than regular
cities.
B. According to some experts, smart cities have fewer negative environmental influences than regular
cities.
C. According to some experts, the smart city has no negative impacts on the environment unlike normal
cities.
D. According to some experts, the smart city has equal negative impacts on the environment as normal
cities.
5. The apartment in the urban centre was expensive, so my parents could not afford it.
A. The apartment in the urban centre was affordable, so my parents decided to buy it.
B. The apartment in the urban centre was cheap, and my parents bought it.
C. The apartment in the urban centre was too expensive for my parents to buy.
D. The apartment in the urban centre was reasonably priced, so my parents considered buying it.
The End