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Adams 2022.3 Adams Acoustics User Guide

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Adams 2022.3 Adams Acoustics User Guide

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sekar006

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Adams 2022.

3
Adams Acoustics User's Guide
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Contents
Adams Acoustics User Guide

Welcome to Adams Acoustics

Prerequisites and Compatibility
Actran Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Actran Version Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Loading the Acoustics Plugin
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses
Common Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Mesh Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Results Content Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Environment Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Far Field Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Analysis Setup Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Mesh Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Results Content Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Analysis parameters Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Environment Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Far Field Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Analysis Setup Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Post Processing and Results
Sound Pressure Level and Sound Power Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
In Adams PostProcessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Acoustics Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Time Domain Analysis Plots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Frequency Domain Analysis Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Output Files on Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Time Domain Analysis: Main Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_TIME\SPL_FREQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_TIME\TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Contents
Adams Acoustics User Guide

Time Domain Analysis: FE_DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Time Domain Analysis: report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Frequency Domain Analysis: Main Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Frequency Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Frequency Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Frequency Domain Analysis: FE_DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Frequency Domain Analysis: REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Dialog Box - F1 Help
Actran Analysis Submission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Common Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Advanced Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Acoustics, What Happens? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Common Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Advanced Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Acoustics, What Happens? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Appendix
Adams Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Requirements for the Adams Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Time Step for the Adams Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Preferred Adams Solver Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Use of "Skip Time Step" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Turn Off Contact Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Time or Frequency Domain Acoustics Analysis?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Maximum Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Mesh Criterion for an Acoustic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Shrinkwrap Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Full Acoustic Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Generating an Acoustic Mesh Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Distance from Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Fill Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Time Windowing and Time Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Contents vii

Overlap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Start and End Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Far Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Microphones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Grey Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Analysis set-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Order of Infinite Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Gap Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Output Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Multiple Flexible Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Computational Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
viii Adams Acoustics User Guide
Welcome to Adams Acoustics 1

Welcome to Adams Acoustics

Adams Acoustics is a part of the Adams®suite of software as a plugin to Adams View. It enables acoustic
simulations powered by Actran® to be run after an Adams analysis. The acoustics simulation is based upon
the vibrational motion of a flexible body computed in an Adams time-domain analysis. The acoustics
simulation predicts the acoustic sound radiation in the far field of the chosen Adams flexible body. Time
domain and frequency domain acoustics simulations are supported. The Actran processes to create the
acoustic mesh, solve the acoustic model and generate results consumable in Adams PostProcessor are all
automated and can be driven exclusively from the Adams View interface, though an Actran installation is
required. Users can also choose to manually create or edit their own acoustic meshes for use with Adams
Acoustics by using the Actran interface, Actran VI, separately.
See the section Adams File Types for more information on Adams Acoustics file types.
2 Adams Acoustics
Prerequisites and Compatibility 3
Actran Installation

Prerequisites and Compatibility

Actran Installation
An installation of Actran is required to use Adams Acoustics. Actran installers are available on the MSC
Solution Download Center (SDC) in a similar manner to Adams. Please refer to the Actran product
documentation for specific installation instructions.
The Actran installation automatically registers its path via the Actran_Path system variable which Adams
Acoustics can detect. So, typically there is no need to register the machine's Actran installation with Adams.
If the Actran_Path system variable is somehow missing, then the Actran installation cannot be automatically
located by Adams. In such cases, one will need to manually select the installation as shown below:

If you have multiple versions of Actran installed, you designate the one to be used with Adams Acoustics by
specifying the available Actran installation as follows:
4 Adams Acoustics
Actran Version Compatibility

Actran Version Compatibility

Adams Acoustics is certified to work with the Actran 2021 release.
While it has not been as thoroughly vetted with other versions of Actran, it is expected to also work with
Actran 2020 and later versions.
It is likely, though unverified, to also function properly with Actran versions as far back as Actran 19. Please
contact Adams technical support if you encounter issues using Adams Acoustics with Actran versions from
this time range.

Licensing
Adams Acoustics requires either one of the following licenses:
Actran Entry Adams: Covers all features to run the Acoustics plugin
Actran VI and Actran Acoustic License: Together, these cover all features of the "Actran Entry for Adams"
license and give additional post-processing features, meshing features and enable all Actran Acoustic features.
For example:
 Manual creation and editing of acoustic meshes in Actran VI
 Displaying 3D maps in Actran VI
 Additional features of Actran VI
Loading the Acoustics Plugin 5

Loading the Acoustics Plugin

The Acoustics plugin can be loaded from the Adams View ribbon simply by navigating to the Plugins tab and
clicking the icon in the Acoustics container.

Alternatively, the Acoustics plugin can be loaded with the Plugin Manager, in the menu Tools/Plugin
Manager:
6 Adams Acoustics
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 7
Common Setup

Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses

This chapter describes the features available in the plugin and how they can be used to make an acoustic
radiation computation. If an Adams analysis with flexible bodies has been successfully finished, the
Adams2Actran Plugin can be started to compute the acoustic sound radiation in the far field.
The plugin provides two analysis options:
1. Time domain: Starts the set-up of an acoustic simulation in time domain
2. Frequency domain: Starts the set-up of an acoustic simulation in frequency domain

Note: The Frequency domain simulation is also starting from Adams time domain
simulation.

Common Setup
The following part of the dialog box is common to both Time domain and Frequency domain simulations.
8 Adams Acoustics
Common Setup

It contains the following parameters:

1. Flexible Body: a flexible body within the Adams model must be chosen; the vibrational results of this
flexible body from an Adams simulation will be used as the basis for the acoustics analysis
2. Output File Prefix: specifies the name of the files written to disk by the acoustics analysis
3. Actran Analysis: specifies the name of the acoustics analysis job
4. MDF File Name: specifies the name of the modal deformation file containing the participation
factors
5. Analysis: select the Adams analysis whose results for the selected flexible body should be the basis of
the acoustics simulation
6. Output Time Start: defines the start of the time range from the Adams analysis for which the
acoustics analysis should be run
7. Output Time End: defines the end of the time range from the Adams analysis for which the acoustics
analysis should be run
8. Skip: Adams time steps can be skipped to reduce the computational time of the acoustics analysis (it
will affect maximum frequency, see Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) section in Appendix)
9. Advanced Setup: opens the advanced setup tabs, available tabs are Mesh, Results Content, DFT,
Environment, Far Field, and Analysis Setup
10. Export FE Data: selecting this directs Adams to copy the following files in the analysis directory:
• Structural mesh
• Modes in MNF format
11. OK: starts the acoustic simulation and closes the dialog
12. Apply: starts the acoustic simulation and keeps the dialog open
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 9
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

13. Cancel: closes the dialog

Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

If the "Time Domain" menu option was chosen, then the Advanced Setup area contains the following inputs:

The Advanced Setup area consists of the following tabs

10 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

1. Mesh
2. Results Content
3. DFT
4. Environment
5. Far Field
6. Analysis Setup

Mesh Tab
The Mesh Tab allows creation of the acoustic mesh utilized for the acoustic radiation of the vibrating
structure. The inputs are described below. See the Mesh section of the Appendix for more details.

In the mesh tab one can define:

1. Mesh Type, in this combo box one can chose between
• Mesh already provided: Choose this option if the full acoustic mesh is already created and
available (see Full Acoustic Mesh in Appendix).
• Shrinkwrap provided: Choose this option if the shrinkwrap of the structure is available, but not
the surrounding 3D mesh. A shrinkwrap is a smooth 2D element surface surrounding the
structure, but not sharing nodes with the structural nodes. The shrinkwrap should be provided if
the automatic mesh fails or doesn't give convenient results.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 11
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

• Automatic mesh: This option can be chosen to automatically generate the acoustic mesh. In most
of the cases mesh creation will be successful. In case that the Automatic mesh is not successful,
one should manually create the shrinkwrap mesh and supply that here.
2. Mesh File: Browse for and specify the mesh file if either "Mesh already provided" or "Shrinkwrap
provided" are chosen for Mesh Type.
3. Maximum Frequency: Defines the maximal frequency that should be supported by the acoustic
mesh. The higher the frequency, the finer the acoustic mesh will become because the acoustic
wavelength will be used for the mesh criteria.
4. Elements per Wavelength: Defines how many elements will be generated per minimal wavelength.
The smallest wavelength is defined by the Maximum Frequency. The process is using quadratic mesh.
Default value: 4
5. Distance from Structure: Defines the distance of the shrinkwrap to the structure.
0.0 to 1 cm are good choices depending on the size and complexity of the structure. Default value is
0.0.
6. Fill hole size (% of structure size): Defines which holes will be filled by the automatic mesh
generation algorithm. Please note that if all holes are not filled, the shrinkwrap might enter inside the
structure. This should be absolutely avoided. See Edit button for checking the shrinkwrap with
Actran VI.
7. Acoustic volume scaling: A factor '?' used to define the limit of the computational domain around
the structure. The limit is a sphere whose diameter 'D' is the following:
D=  * (maximum dimension of the structure)
8. Use Hexa mesh: Activates the usage of hexahedral elements in the volume mesh. If the volume mesh
generation fails, try de-activating this option. Default: activated.
9. Select: This button opens an additional dialog box (see below) to select acoustic mesh files
individually.
Dialog to select the acoustic mesh files individually:

10. Create: This button creates the acoustic mesh if the "Automatic mesh" or "Shrinkwrap provided"
options are chosen for Mesh Type.
12 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

11. Show: This button displays the acoustic mesh in Adams View:
Visualized acoustic mesh:

12. Edit: This Button opens the shrinkwrap mesh in Actran VI. Please note that for mesh modifications,
an Actran VI license is necessary, the "Actran Entry for Adams" license is not sufficient for this option.
13. Status: This button displays the current status of the meshes in the info window.
Note that an Actran Time Domain analysis cannot be submitted if no mesh is available for the analysis.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 13
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

Results Content Tab

In the results content tab, the post-processing content is defined. The inputs are described below.
1. Output Format: Defines the output format of the results. Images, ascii-format and both can be
chosen.
2. Overall Acoustic Pressure (3D Plots): Plots the time dependent results of each microphone in a
waterfall diagram.
3. Acoustic Pressure at microphone(s): Creates the acoustic pressure results for each microphone
defined in Microphone for Post on the Far Field tab.
4. Audio File: Creates a wave-file for each microphone defined in Microphone for Post on the Far Field
tab.
5. SPL over time at microphone(s): Creates the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) per time period in a time
dependent plot.
6. Refreshing Rate: The time period (in seconds) over which the Sound Pressure Level SPL is integrated.
7. SPL output in dBA: Applies the A-weighting function to acoustic results expressed in dB.
14 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) Tab

The Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) tab contains the properties for the transformation of time
domain signals into frequency domain results. The inputs are described below. See the Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT) section of the Appendix for more details.
1. Discrete Fourier Transform Output: Activates the transformation of time results to frequency
domain
2. Time Windowing: Defines the form of the window. While Rectangular window will apply a constant
factor of 1 (thus no window) to the sampled time signal, other window types will apply factors from
[0,1] to the sampled time signal. Options are Triangular, Hamming, Hanning, Blackman and
Blackman Harris. For example, the Hanning windowing is defined by the formula with n the number
or the

2n
w  n  = 0.5 – 0.5 cos  -------------- 0  n  M – 1
 M – 1
sample points, M the quantity of sample points in the window and w the window function
3. Time Interval: Defines the length of each time interval where the DFT is applied
4. Overlap of Time Interval: Defines the percentage of the overlap of the subsequent time interval.
5. Start Frequency: defines the first computed frequency in the DFT. Default value is defined by the
period of the time interval.
6. End Frequency: defines the last frequency to be computed during the DFT. Note that the time step
length influences the maximal frequency that can be computed, through the Nyquist criterion.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 15
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

Environment Tab

The Environment tab defines the properties of ambient fluid surrounding the structure:
1. Acoustic Environment: Allows to automatically define the properties of the Air at a given
temperature. Following properties are influenced by the temperature defined.
2. Speed of Sound in m/s
3. Fluid Density in kg/m³

Far Field Tab

16 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Time Domain Simulation

The Far Field Tab defines the position of the microphones and the properties of the infinite elements. The
inputs are described below. See the Far Field section of the Appendix for more details.
1. Order of Infinite Elements: Defines the number of interpolation points for each infinite element,
which is used to model non-reflecting boundary conditions and the acoustic radiation outside of the
finite element mesh. Default value is 10.
2. Microphone Table File: Defines the position of the microphones; the default position is based on the
ISO3744 and can be found in the installation folder
"<top_dir>\acoustics\examples\ISO3744_meter.mic"
3. Radius of Infinite Elements: Defines the coordinate system of the infinite elements.
4. Center of Infinite Elements: Defines the location of the center of the infinite elements.
5. Scale Factor of Microphones: Scales the coordinates of the microphone positions.
6. Microphone for Post: Select the microphones used for additional post-processing output; the button
"All" will select all microphones
7. Show Microphones: This button is enabled after the acoustic mesh is generated and displays all the
micro-phones available as yellow or red spheres (the red ones indicate microphones selected for extra
post-processing results)
8. Overwrite defaults: Radius of Infinite Elements, Center of Infinite Elements and Scale Factor for
Microphones all have automatic defaults. This "Overwrite defaults" button allows users to change
those inputs. For instance, the user can change the distance of the microphones from structure by
modifying the scaling factor for microphones.

Analysis Setup Tab

Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 17
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

In the Analysis Setup tab, the following parameters are defined. See the Analysis set-up section of the Appendix
for more details.
1. Gap Tolerance: Defines the tolerance parameter to couple the shrinkwrap with the structural acoustic
surfaces. Default value is twice the distance specified in Mesh tab, which can be used in other cases as
well.
If distance is 0.0, Gap Tolerance is set to 0.01 m.
2. Output Map: Allows user to create an acoustic 3D map in time domain.
Please note that:
• To open the map in Actran VI the license for Actran VI is needed, the "Actran Entry for Adams"
license is not sufficient.
• Asking for maps may increase computational time significantly.
• Default value is 'No'.
3. Output Maps Steps: Specifies the time steps of the output map. Please note that an output map can
demand a lot of hard drive space thus removing steps from the output could be important. Maps are
output at each time step for value=1, every two steps for value=2 and so on.
4. Memory: Memory dedicated to the calculation. Quantity depends on the size of the acoustic mesh.
Unit is MB.

Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

The Advanced Setup consists of the following tabs:

1. Mesh
2. Results Content
18 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

3. Analysis parameters
4. Environment
5. Far Field
6. Analysis Setup

Mesh Tab
The Mesh Tab allows creating the acoustic mesh utilized for the acoustic radiation of the vibrating structure.
The inputs are described below. See the Mesh section of the Appendix for more details.

In the mesh tab one can define:

1. Mesh Type, in this combo box one can chose between
• Mesh already provided: Choose this option if the acoustic mesh is already created and available.
For Frequency domain analysis "Shrinkwrap provided" should be preferred as it is allowing usage
of adaptive mesh for faster computation.
• Shrinkwrap provided: Choose this option if the shrinkwrap of the structure is available, but not
the surrounding 3D mesh. A shrinkwrap is a smooth 2D element surface surrounding the
structure, but not sharing nodes with the structural nodes. The shrinkwrap should be provided if
the automatic mesh fails or doesn't give convenient results
• Automatic mesh: This option can be chosen to automatically generate the acoustic mesh. In most
of the cases mesh creating will be successful. In case that the Automatic mesh is not successful,
one should manually create the shrinkwrap mesh and supply that here
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 19
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

2. Mesh File: Browse for and specify the mesh file if either "Mesh already provided" or "Shrinkwrap
provided" are chosen for Mesh Type
3. Elements per Wavelength: Defines how many elements will be generated per smallest wavelength.
Default value: 4
4. Distance from Structure: Defines the distance of the shrinkwrap to the structure.
0.0 to 1 cm are good choices depending on the size and complexity of the structure. Default value is
0.0
5. Fill hole size (% of structure size): Defines which holes will be filled by the automatic mesh
generation algorithm. Please note that if all holes are not filled, the shrinkwrap might enter inside the
structure. This should be absolutely avoided. See Edit button for checking the shrinkwrap.
6. Select: This button opens an additional dialog box (see below) to select acoustic mesh files
individually.
Dialog to select the acoustic mesh files individually:

7. Create: This button will create the acoustic mesh if the "Automatic mesh" or "Shrinkwrap provided"
options are chosen for Mesh Type.
8. Show: This button displays the acoustic mesh in Adams View:
Visualized acoustic mesh (shrinkwrap) and microphones:
20 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

Note: In the Frequency Domain simulation, only shrinkwrap mesh is required so no

volume mesh is shown here. The volume mesh is created during the analysis run and
adapted by frequency band.

9. Edit: This Button opens the shrinkwrap mesh in Actran VI.

Note that for mesh modifications, an Actran VI license is necessary, the "Actran Entry for Adams"
license is not sufficient for this option.
10. Status: This button displays the current status of the meshes in the info window.
Note that an Actran Frequency Domain analysis cannot be submitted if no mesh is available for the
analysis.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 21
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

Results Content Tab

In the results content tab, the post-processing content is defined. The inputs are described below.
1. Output Format: Defines the output format of the results. Images, ascii-format and both can be
chosen.
2. SPL over time at microphone: Creates the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) per time period in a time
dependent plot.
3. SPL output in dBA: Applies the A weighting function to acoustic results expressed in dB.
22 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

Analysis parameters Tab

The Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) section contains the properties for the transformation of
vibrations of the flexible body from time domain into frequency domain. The inputs are described below. See
the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) section of the Appendix for more details.
1. Time Windowing: Defines the form of the window. While Rectangular windows will apply a
constant factor of 1 (thus no window) to the sampled time signal, other window types will apply
factors from [0,1] to the sampled time signal. Options are Triangular, Hamming, Hanning,
Blackman and Blackman Harris. For example, the Hanning windowing is defined by the formula:

2n
w  n  = 0.5 – 0.5 cos  -------------- 0  n  M – 1
 M – 1
with n the number or the sample points, M the quantity of sample points in the window and w the
window function.
2. Time Interval: Defines the length of each time interval where the DFT is applied.
3. Overlap of Time Interval: Defines the percentage of the overlap of the subsequent time interval.
The inputs to the Analysis Parameter section are described below:
4. Frequency range: Defines the frequencies of the Frequency domain calculation:
• Start and Step: These frequencies define the first computed frequency and the frequency step.
Default values are defined by the period of the time interval (see the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
section in the Appendix).
• End: This frequency defines the last frequency to be computed. Note that the time step length
influences the maximal frequency that can be computed, through the Nyquist criterion.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 23
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

5. Number of Radiation frequencies for Green analysis: Defines the number of frequencies used for the
first step (Radiation) of the Green analysis. Default value is 4. More frequencies may be required for
better accuracy when dealing with complex geometries and high frequencies.
6. Number of bands for adaptive volume mesh: Defines the number of frequency ranges used for the
adaptive mesh. Default value: 6
7. Use Hexa mesh: Activates the usage of hexahedral elements in the volume mesh. If the volume mesh
generation fails, try de-activating this option. Default: activated.
8. Relative thickness for adaptive PML: Defines the thickness of the PML for each frequency band. The
value provided corresponds to the number of acoustic wavelengths at the lower limit of each
frequency band. Default value: 1

Environment Tab

The Environment tab defines the properties of ambient fluid surrounding the structure:
1. Acoustic Environment: Allows to automatically define the properties of the Air at a given
temperature. Following properties are influenced by the temperature defined:
2. Speed of Sound in m/s
3. Fluid Density in kg/m³
24 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

Far Field Tab

The Far Field Tab defines the position of the microphones and the properties of the infinite elements. The
inputs are described below. See the Far Field section of the Appendix for more details.
1. Order of the Infinite Elements: Defines the number of interpolation points for each infinite element,
which is used to model nonreflecting boundary conditions and the acoustic radiation outside of the
finite element mesh. Default value is 10.
2. Microphone Table File: Defines the position of the microphones; the default position is based on the
ISO3744 and can be found in the installation folder
"<top_dir>\acoustics\examples\ISO3744_meter.mic"
3. Translation Center of Microphones: Defines the center location of the microphones. Default value:
center of gravity of the flexible body.
4. Scale Factor of Microphones: Scales the coordinates of the microphone positions
5. Microphone for Post: Select the microphones used for additional post-processing output; the button
"All" will select all microphones
6. Hide: Hides microphone placement
7. Overwrite defaults: Radius of Infinite Elements, Center of Infinite Elements and Scale Factor for
Microphones all have automatic defaults. This "Overwrite defaults" button allows users to change
those inputs. For instance, the user can change the distance of the microphones from structure by
modifying the scaling factor for microphones.
Setup and Run of Acoustics Analyses 25
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation

Analysis Setup Tab

In the Analysis Setup tab, the following parameters are defined. See the Analysis set-up section of the Appendix
for more details.
1. Gap Tolerance: Defines the tolerance parameter to couple the shrinkwrap with the structural acoustic
surfaces. Default value is twice the distance specified in Mesh tab, which can be used in other cases as
well. If distance is 0.0, Gap Tolerance is set to 0.01 m.
2. Output Map: Allows the user to create an acoustic 3D map in time domain. Please note that to open
the map in Actran VI the license for Actran VI is needed, the "Actran Entry for Adams" license is not
sufficient. Note that asking for maps may increase computational time significantly. Default value is
'No'.
3. Output Maps Steps: Specifies the time steps of the output map. Please note that an output map can
demand a lot of hard drive space thus removing steps from the output could be important. Maps are
output at each time step for value=1, every two steps for value=2 and so on.
4. Memory: Memory dedicated to the calculation. Quantity depends on the size of the acoustic mesh.
Unit is MB.
26 Adams Acoustics
Advanced Setup for Frequency Domain Simulation
Post Processing and Results 27
Sound Pressure Level and Sound Power Level

Post Processing and Results

After an acoustics simulation has been run it can be post-processed via Adams PostProcessor. Also, many
results and supporting files will be placed on disk.

Sound Pressure Level and Sound Power Level

In both places most of the key results are related to either Sound Pressure Level (SPL) or Sound Power Level
(SWL).
 “Pressure" is a local indicator at a specific point in space. The equivalent for in multi-body dynamics
could be thought of as a disp/vel/acc at a specific marker.
 “Power" is a global indicator of all noise radiated all around. It is an integrated value over space and
based on p². The equivalent for structural analysis is something akin to mean square velocity <v²>
over the structure
 Overall Sound Power Level (OSWL) is calculated by… OSWL = 10.log10(W/Wref)
 Overall Sound Pressure Level (OSPL) is calculated by… OSPL = 10.log10(pi²/pref²) where pi is the
pressure at a microphone i
 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) over Time: The SPL over time is the integrated Sound Pressure Level
(SPL) over the refreshing rate output over the entire simulation time. Thus, the entire simulation is
cut into n elements each having one value of integrated SPL. Typical values for the refreshing rates
of sound-meters are 1/8sec or 1sec, which could be used as refreshing rate. If compared to
measurements the refreshing rate of the measurement instrument should be used.

In Adams PostProcessor

Acoustics Dialog
In Adams PostProcessor click on the "Acoustics" menu, then the Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots button to
launch the post processing dialog for acoustics analyses.
28 Adams Acoustics
In Adams PostProcessor

 Adams Analysis: Select from a list of Adams analyses in the session

 Acoustics Analysis: If the selected Adams analysis has one or more acoustics analyses based upon it,
they will appear here. Select the one for which plots should be generated
 Play Sound: Any microphones for which an audio file was generated by the selected acoustics
analysis will appear in this option menu. Select one and click the "Play Sound" button and the
corresponding .wav audio file will play through the system's default media player.

Note: 1. Generation of .wav files is only available for time domain simualtion
2. Tip for getting good audible .wav file: The quality of the DFT can be reassured
with the Nyquist criteria, fmax = 1/(2  t), with  t the time step and fmax the
maximal computed frequency for the DFT. However, for an audio file of high
quality the Nyquist criteria is not sufficient. It is suggested to have 5 to 20 times
more time steps for the same maximal frequency, thus 1/(20  t)

 Manual Import: This is primarily for users wanting to generate plots for acoustic simulations from
the preceding "Adams2Actran" toolkit form MSC Services. It can also be used, though, as a means
to generate plots from acoustic simulations not currently in session. Click this button to browse for
an .a2ac file corresponding to an acoustics analysis.
 OK/Apply: This will launch automated plotting of the selected acoustics analysis. The automated
plots that get generated are described in the following sections.

Time Domain Analysis Plots

The Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots dialog will automatically create the following plots for a time domain
acoustics analysis:
 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Time across all Microphones (page name:
"acoustics_time_all_mic_SPL_transient") - Typically this plot is used to identify the microphones
with the highest relative pressure results.
Post Processing and Results 29
In Adams PostProcessor

 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Frequency across Time Slices at Each Microphone (page name:
"acoustics_time_DFT_mic_#") - a page/plot is created for each microphone selected on the Far Field
Tab.

 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Frequency at Each Time Interval (page name: "
acoustics_time_SPL_per_time_interval_mic_40#") - a page/plot is created for each microphone
selected on the Far Field Tab.
30 Adams Acoustics
In Adams PostProcessor

 Mean Pressure and Envelope at Each Microphone (page name: "acoustics_time_mean_pressure") -

three curves, a mean and upper and lower bounds (envelope), are created for each microphone
selected on the Far Field Tab.

 Amplitude at Each Microphone (page name: "acoustics_time_amplitude") - a curve on the plot is

created for each microphone selected on the Far Field Tab.
Post Processing and Results 31
In Adams PostProcessor

 Overall Sound Pressure Level (OPSL) at Each Microphone (page name:

"acoustics_time_overall_SPL") - a curve on the plot is created for each microphone selected on the
Far Field Tab.

Frequency Domain Analysis Plots

The Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots dialog will automatically create the following plots for a frequency
domain acoustics analysis:
 Sound Power Level (SWL) vs. Frequency across Time Slices (page name: "acoustics_freq_SWL") -
the time slices are those selected from the Adams analysis
32 Adams Acoustics
In Adams PostProcessor

 Overall Sound Power Level (SWL) vs. Time (page name: "acoustics_freq_overall_SWL")

 Sound Power Level (SWL) vs. Frequency per Time Interval (page name:
"acoustics_freq_SWL_per_time_interval") - a separate curve is plotted for each time interval use
from the Adams analysis
Post Processing and Results 33
In Adams PostProcessor

 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Frequency across Time Slices at Microphone (page name:
"acoustics_freq_SPL_at_mic#") - #") - a page/plot is created for each microphone selected on the Far
Field Tab.

 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Frequency at Microphone (page name:

"acoustics_freq_SPL_per_time_interval_at_mic#) - a page/plot is created for each microphone
selected on the Far Field Tab; curves are plotted per plot for each time interval
34 Adams Acoustics
In Adams PostProcessor

 Mean Pressure and Envelope at Each Microphone (page name: "acoustics_freq_mean_pressure") -

three curves, a mean and upper and lower bounds (envelope), are created for each microphone
selected on the Far Field Tab.

 Overall Sound Pressure Level (OPSL) at Each Microphone (page name:

"acoustics_freq_overall_SPL") - a curve on the plot is created for each microphone selected on the
Far Field Tab.
Post Processing and Results 35
Output Files on Disk

Output Files on Disk

An Adams Acoustics analysis places a number of folder and files into a subfolder of the Adams working
directory named after the acoustics analysis. These are described below.

Time Domain Analysis: Main Directory

36 Adams Acoustics
Output Files on Disk

 .mdf: modal deformation file (MDF) output from Adams to be used as in input to Actran describing
the motion of the flexible body during the Adams analysis.
 .finished: used by software for job status, no user consumption intended
 .par: file containing all parameters defined by the user in the Acoustics plugin interface in Adams
View. This file is used by Actran as input to create meshes, analysis, run, post-processing. See
content of run_adac.bat file for advanced usage.
 *.log: status logs from the Actran processes that performed the meshing, solving and generation of
the plots on disk
 .a2ac: "Adams to Actran" file; this can be used to manually launch the automated plot generation in
the Adams PostProcessor Acoustics Dialog.
 run_adac.bat: batch file used by Windows to launch the Actran jobs
 .mic: file specified by the user to define the locations in space of the microphones. The default is
"ISO3744_meter.mic" included with the installation. See the Far Field Tab section for more
information.

Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_ANALYSIS

 dump: Directory Output by Actran time domain simulation. Used for Actran restart (not applicable
for current Adams/Actran usage).
 .edat: Actran analysis input file. Contains all parameters to run the Actran simulation. Can be
opened in Actran VI.
 .plt: Actran results file. Contains local and global indicators. Can be open in Actran PLTViewer and
WaterfallViewer for post-processing.

Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_TIME\SPL_FREQ

POINT_*: folders containing image files (.png) of all the microphone-specific plots generated by Actran and
containing text files (.txt) of the raw data used to create them. Note: these same data are plotted via the
Post Processing and Results 37
Output Files on Disk

automated process launched from Adams PostProcessor, but these Actran-generated plot images have
formatting differences in some cases. For example, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) vs. Frequency across Time
Slices in this folder is a 2D colormap whereas in Adams Post Processor it is plotted as a 3D surface.

 .edat: Actran analysis input file used to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform of Time domain
results.
 .plt: Actran results file of Discrete Fourier Transform. Contains results in frequency domain for all
microphones requested by user.
 micros_pa.txt: Time domain pressure at all microphones requested by user. Used as input for DFT.

Time Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_TIME\TIME

 ALL: folder containing image files (.png) of the non-microphone-number-specific plots generated
by Actran and containing text files (.txt) of the raw data used to create them. Note these same data
are plotted via the automated process launched from Adams PostProcessor, but these Actran-generated
plot images have formatting differences in some cases.
 POINT_*: folders containing image files (.png) of all the microphone-specific plots generated by
Actran and containing text files (.txt) of the raw data used to create them. Note these same data are
plotted via the automated process launched from Adams PostProcessor, but these Actran-generated
plot images have formatting differences in some cases. Also included in this folder is the .wav sound
file for the give microphone.
38 Adams Acoustics
Output Files on Disk

Time Domain Analysis: FE_DATA

This folder contains the Finite Element (FE) files generated by the automated pre-processing done for the
acoustics analysis. This folder is generated if the "Export FE Data" checkbox is selected on Adams Acoustics
dialog common area.
 .bdf: structural mesh generated from input .mnf.
 .mnf: The Adams modal neutral file used for the flexible body that was the subject of the acoustics
analysis
 acoustic_mesh.bdf: mesh file containing the acoustic mesh (shrinkwrap, volume mesh and infinite
domain)
 acoustic_mesh_header.bdf: contains acoustic mesh parameters for setup of the infinite elements (far
field)
 shrinkwrap.bdf: mesh which couples the structure (Adams flexible body) to the acoustic volume
mesh
 skin_mesh.bdf: skin mesh of the structure (MNF) generated by Adams Flex that is used to generate
the shrinkwrap.bdf
Post Processing and Results 39
Output Files on Disk

Time Domain Analysis: report

This folder contains many files and sub-folders of statistics about the Actran solver job and the environment
on which it was run. These may be useful in conversations with MSC technical support in diagnosing any
issues with the acoustics analysis.
40 Adams Acoustics
Output Files on Disk

Frequency Domain Analysis: Main Directory

 .mdf : modal deformation file (MDF) output from Adams to be used as in input to Actran
describing the motion of the flexible body during the Adams analysis.
 .finished: used by software for job status, no user consumption intended
 .par: file containing all parameters defined by the user in the Acoustics plugin interface in Adams
View. This file is used by Actran as input to create meshes, analysis, run, post-processing. See
content of run_adac.bat file for advanced usage.
 *.log: status logs from the Actran processes that performed the meshing, solving and generation of
the plots on disk
 .a2ac: "Adams to Actran" file; this can be used to manually launch the automated plot generation in
the Adams PostProcessor Acoustics Dialog.
 run_adac.bat: batch file used by Windows to launch the Actran jobs
 .mic: file specified by the user to define the locations in space of the microphones. The default is
"ISO3744_meter.mic" included with the installation. See the Far Field Tab section for more
information.
Post Processing and Results 41
Output Files on Disk

Frequency Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_ANALYSIS

 actran_exterior_acoustic_DB: adaptive meshes created for Finite Element simulation. Meshes are
ordered by frequency range as per requested in Analysis parameters Tab 6.
 actran_green_DB.naf: Actran Green analysis database. Can be used manually for Restart capabilities
if only MDF file is changing.
 .edat: Actran analysis input file. Contains all parameters to run the Actran simulation. Can be
opened in Actran VI.
 .plt: Actran results file. Contains local and global indicators. Can be open in Actran PLTViewer and
WaterfallViewer for post-processing.

Frequency Domain Analysis: ACTRAN_POST_FREQ

 SPL: stores Sound Pressure Level results from the Acoustics analysis. This folder contains subfolders
each containing image files (.png) of all the microphone-specific plots generated by Actran and
containing text files (.txt) of the raw data used to create them. Note these same data are plotted via
the automated process launched from Adams PostProcessor, but these Actran-generated plot images
have formatting differences in some cases.
 SWL: stores Sound Power Level results from the Acoustics analysis. These are images (.png) of the
non-microphone-number-specific plots generated by Actran and containing text files (.txt) of the
raw data used to create them. Note these same data are plotted via the automated process launched
from Adams PostProcessor, but these Actran-generated plot images have formatting differences in
some cases.
42 Adams Acoustics
Output Files on Disk

Frequency Domain Analysis: FE_DATA

This folder contains the Finite Element (FE) files generated by the automated pre-processing done for the
acoustics analysis. This folder is generated if the "Export FE Data" checkbox is selected on Adams Acoustics
dialog common area.
 .mnf: The Adams modal neutral file used for the flexible body that was the subject of the acoustics
analysis
 acoustic_mesh.bdf: mesh file containing the acoustic mesh (shrinkwrap, volume mesh and infinite
domain)
 acoustic_mesh_header.bdf: contains acoustic mesh parameters for setup of the infinite elements (far
field)
 shrinkwrap.bdf: mesh which couples the structure (Adams flexible body) to the acoustic volume
mesh
 skin_mesh.bdf: skin mesh of the structure (MNF) generated by Adams Flex that is used to generate
the shrinkwrap.bdf
Post Processing and Results 43
Output Files on Disk

Frequency Domain Analysis: REPORT

Dialog Box - F1 Help

Actran Analysis Submission
Acoustics  Time Domain  Actran Analysis Submission
Exports an .mdf (Modal Deformation File) file that is referenced in a NASTRAN analysis followed by an
Actran acoustic analysis of the selected flexible component. All files created during this process are written in
the same directory as the mnf file is located.

Common Setup

For the option: Do the following:

Flexible Body A flexible body within the Adams model must be chosen; the vibrational
results of this flexible body from an Adams simulation will be used as the
basis for the acoustics analysis.
Output File Prefix Specifies the name of the files written to disk by the acoustics analysis
Actran Analysis Specifies the name of the acoustics analysis job
MDF File Name Specifies the name of the modal deformation file containing the
participation factors
Analysis Select the Adams analysis whose results for the selected flexible body
should be the basis of the acoustics simulation
Output Time Start/End Defines the start of the time range from the Adams analysis for which the
acoustics analysis should be run
Skip Adams time steps can be skipped to reduce the computational time of the
acoustics analysis.
Advanced Setup Opens the advanced setup tabs, available tabs are Mesh, Results Content,
DFT, Environment, Far Field, and Analysis Setup.
Export FE Data selecting this directs Adams to copy the following files in the analysis
directory:

 Structural mesh
 Modes in MNF format
OK Starts the acoustic simulation and closes the dialog
Apply Starts the acoustic simulation and keeps the dialog open
Cancel Closes the dialog
46 Adams Acoustics
Actran Analysis Submission

Advanced Setup
Mesh Tab
The Mesh Tab allows creation of the acoustic mesh utilized for the acoustic radiation of the vibrating
structure. The inputs are described below. See the Mesh section of the Appendix for more details.

Mesh Create or use the mesh files for Actran Analysis

Mesh Type Select the mesh type dependent on your needs.

 Mesh already provided: Choose this option if the acoustic mesh is

already created and available.
 Shrinkwrap Provided: Choose this option if the shrinkwrap of the
structure is available, but not the surrounding 3D mesh. A
shrinkwrap is a smooth 2D element surface surrounding the
structure, but not sharing nodes with the structural nodes. The
shrinkwrap should be provided if the automatic mesh fails or doesn't
give convenient results.
 Automatic Mesh: This option can be chosen to automatically
generate the acoustic mesh. In most of the cases mesh creating will be
successful. In case that the Automatic mesh is not successful, one
should manually create the shrinkwrap mesh and supply that here.
Mesh File Browse for and specify the mesh file if either "Mesh already provided" or
"Shrinkwrap provided" are chosen for Mesh Type.
Maximum Frequency Defines the maximal frequency that should be supported by the acoustic
mesh. The higher the frequency, the finer the acoustic mesh will become
because the acoustic wavelength will be used for the mesh criteria.
Elements per Wavelength Defines how many elements will be generated per minimal wavelength.
The minimal wavelength is defined by the Maximum Frequency. The
process is using quadratic mesh.

Default value: 4
Distance from Structure Defines the distance of the shrinkwrap to the structure.

0.0 to 1 cm are good choices depending on the size and complexity of the
structure. Default value is 0.0
Fill hole size (% of structure Defines which holes will be filled by the automatic mesh generation
size) algorithm. Please note that if all holes are not filled, the shrinkwrap might
enter inside the structure. This should be absolutely avoided. See Edit
button for checking the shrinkwrap.
Dialog Box - F1 Help 47
Actran Analysis Submission

Mesh Create or use the mesh files for Actran Analysis

Acoustic Volume Scaling A factor '?' used to define the limit of the computational domain around
the structure. The limit is a sphere whose diameter 'D' is the following:

D = * (maximum dimension of the structure)

Use Hexa mesh Activates the usage of hexahedral elements in the volume mesh. If the
volume mesh generation fails, try de-activating this option. Default:
activated.
Select This button opens an additional dialog box (see below) to select acoustic
mesh files individually.

Dialog to select the acoustic mesh files individually. for:

 Acoustic Mesh
 Header dat file
 Shrinkwrap Mesh
Create This button will create the acoustic mesh if the "Automatic mesh" or
"Shrinkwrap provided" options are chosen for Mesh Type.
Show This button displays the acoustic mesh in Adams View.
Edit This Button opens the shrinkwrap mesh in Actran VI. Please note that for
mesh modifications, an Actran VI license is necessary, the "Actran Entry
for Adams" license is not sufficient for this option.
Status This button displays the current status of the meshes in the info window.

Note: Actran Frequency Domain analysis cannot be submitted if no

mesh is available for the analysis.

Results Content Tab

In the results content tab, the post-processing content is defined.

Results Content
Output Format Defines the output format of the results. Images, ascii-format and both
can be chosen.
Overall Acoustic Pressure (3D Plots the time dependent results of each microphone in a waterfall
Plots) diagram.
Acoustic Pressure at Creates the acoustic pressure results for each microphone defined in
microphone(s) Microphone for Post on the Far Field tab.
Audio File Creates a wave-file for each microphone defined in Microphone for Post
on the Far Field tab.
48 Adams Acoustics
Actran Analysis Submission

Results Content
SPL over time at Creates the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) per time period in a time
microphone(s) dependent plot.
Refreshing Rate The time period (in seconds) over which the Sound Pressure Level SPL is
integrated.
SPL output in dBA Applies the A weighting function to acoustic results expressed in dB.

Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) Tab

DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation

Discrete Fourier Transform Activates the transformation of time results in frequency domain.
Output
Time Windowing Defines the form of the window. While Rectangular windows will apply
a constant factor of 1 (thus no window) to the sampled time signal, other
window types will apply factors from [0,1] to the sampled time signal.
Options are Triangular, Hamming, Hanning, Blackman and Blackman
Harris. For example, the Hanning windowing is defined by the formula
with n the number or the

Environment Tab
The Environment tab defines the properties of ambient fluid surrounding the structure.
Dialog Box - F1 Help 49
Actran Analysis Submission

Environment
Acoustic Environment Allows to automatically define the properties of the Air at a given
temperature. Following properties are influenced by the temperature
defined.
Speed of Sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound
wave propagating through an elastic medium (m/sec)
Fluid Density The mass of the fluid per unit volume (kg/m*3)

Far Field Tab

The Far Field Tab defines the position of the microphones and the properties of the infinite elements. The
inputs are described below. See the Far Field section of the Appendix for more details.

Far Field
Order of Infinite Elements Defines the number of interpolation points for each infinite element,
which is used to model nonreflecting boundary conditions and the
acoustic radiation outside of the finite element mesh. Default value is 10.
Microphone Table File Defines the position of the microphones; the default position is based on
the ISO3744 and can be found in the installation folder
"<top_dir>\acoustics\examples\ISO3744_meter.mic"
Radius of Infinite Elements Defines the coordinate system of the infinite elements.
Center of Infinite Elements Defines the location of the center of the infinite elements.
Scale Factor Microphones Scales the coordinates of the microphone positions.
Show Microphones This button is enabled after the acoustic mesh is generated and displays
all the microphones available as yellow or red spheres (the red ones
indicate microphones selected for extra post-processing results).
Microphone for post Select the microphones used for additional post-processing output; the
button "All" will select all microphones.
Overwrite defaultss Radius of Infinite Elements, Center of Infinite Elements and Scale Factor
for Microphones all have automatic defaults. This "Overwrite defaults"
button allows users to change those inputs. For instance the, user can
change the distance of the microphones from structure by modifying the
scaling factor for microphones.

Analysis Setup Tab

In the Analysis Setup tab, the following parameters are defined. See the Analysis set-up section of the Appendix
for more details.
50 Adams Acoustics
Actran Analysis Submission

Analysis Setup
Gap Tolerance Defines the tolerance parameter to couple the shrinkwrap with the
structural acoustic surfaces. Default value is twice the distance specified
in Mesh tab, which can be used in other cases as well. If distance is 0.0,
Gap Tolerance is set to 0.01 m.
Output Map Allows the user to create an acoustic 3D map in time domain. Please note
that to open the map in Actran VI the license for Actran VI is needed, the
"Actran Entry for Adams" license is not sufficient. Note that asking for
maps may increase computational time significantly. Default value is
'No'.
Output Map Steps Specifies the time steps of the output map. Please note that an output
map can demand a lot of hard drive space thus removing steps from the
output could be important. Maps are output at each time step for
value=1, every two steps for value=2 and so on.
Memory Memory dedicated to the calculation. Quantity depends on the size of the
acoustic mesh. Unit is MB.

Acoustics, What Happens?

1. In the field Flexible Body it is checked if every input is there and valid Prerequisites are: MASTER,
DABALL and IFPDAT from previous SOL103 solution
2. The modal coordinates are exported
3. Session file for Actran is written to setup the Actran model
4. Import file for Adams to import Actran results is written
5. Batch file is written to execute Actran run
Dialog Box - F1 Help 51
Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain

Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain

Acoustics  Frequency Domain  Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain
Exports an .mdf (Modal Deformation File) file that is referenced in a NASTRAN analysis followed by an
Actran acoustic analysis of the selected flexible component. All files created during this process are written in
the same directory as the mnf file is located.

Common Setup

For the option: Do the following:

Mesh Create or use the mesh files for Actran Analysis

Mesh Type Select the mesh type dependent on your needs.

 Mesh already provided: Choose this option if the acoustic mesh is

already created and available.
 Automatic Mesh: This option can be chosen to automatically
generate the acoustic mesh. In most of the cases mesh creating will be
successful. In case that the Automatic mesh is not successful, one
should manually create the shrinkwrap mesh and supply that here.
Mesh File Browse for and specify the mesh file if either "Mesh already provided" or
"Automatic Mesh" are chosen for Mesh Type.
Elements per Wavelength Defines how many elements will be generated per minimal wavelength.
The minimal wavelength is defined by the Maximum Frequency. The
process is using quadratic mesh.

Default value: 4
Distance from Structure Defines the distance of the shrinkwrap to the structure.

Dialog to select the acoustic mesh files individually, for:

 Header dat file

 Shrinkwrap Mesh
Create This button will create the acoustic mesh if the "Mesh already provided"
or “Automatic Mesh” options are chosen for Mesh Type.
Dialog Box - F1 Help 53
Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain

Mesh Create or use the mesh files for Actran Analysis

Show This button displays the acoustic mesh in Adams View.
Edit This Button opens the shrinkwrap mesh in Actran VI. Please note that for
mesh modifications, an Actran VI license is necessary, the "Actran Entry
for Adams" license is not sufficient for this option.
Status This button displays the current status of the meshes in the info window.

Note: Actran Frequency Domain analysis cannot be submitted if no

mesh is available for the analysis.

Results Content Tab

In the results content tab, the post-processing content is defined.

Results Content
Output Format Defines the output format of the results. Images, ascii-format and both
can be chosen.
SPL over time at Creates the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) per time period in a time
microphone(s) dependent plot.
SPL output in dBA Applies the A weighting function to acoustic results expressed in dB.

Analysis parameters Tab

DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation

Time Windowing Defines the form of the window. While Rectangular windows will apply
a constant factor of 1 (thus no window) to the sampled time signal, other
window types will apply factors from [0,1] to the sampled time signal.
Options are Triangular, Hamming, Hanning, Blackman and Blackman
Harris. For example, the Hanning windowing is defined by the formula
with n the number or the

2n
w  n  = 0.5 – 0.5 cos  -------------- 0  n  M – 1
 M – 1
sample points, M the quantity of sample points in the window and w the
window function
Time Interval Defines the length of each time interval where the DFT is applied
Overlap of Time Interval Defines the percentage of the overlap of the subsequent time interval.
Frequency range Defines the frequencies of the Frequency domain calculation:
(Start/Step/End)
 Start/Step: These frequencies define the first computed
frequency and the frequency step. Default values are defined by
the period of the time interval (see the Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT) section in the Appendix).
 End: This frequency defines the last frequency to be computed.
Note that the time step length influences the maximal frequency
that can be computed, through the Nyquist criterion.
Number of Radiation Defines the number of frequencies used for the first step (Radiation) of
frequencies for Green analysis the Green analysis. Default value is 4. More frequencies may be required
for better accuracy when dealing with complex geometries.
Number of bands for adaptive Defines the number of frequency ranges used for the adaptive mesh.
volume mesh Default value: 6
Use Hexa mesh Activates the usage of hexahedral elements in the volume mesh. If the
volume mesh generation fails, try de-activating this option. Default:
activated.
Relative thickness for adaptive Defines the thickness of the PML for each frequency band. The value
PML provided corresponds to the number of acoustic wavelengths at the lower
limit of each frequency band. Default value: 1

Environment Tab
The Environment tab defines the properties of ambient fluid surrounding the structure.
Dialog Box - F1 Help 55
Actran Analysis Submission, Frequency Domain

Far Field Tab

The Far Field Tab defines the position of the microphones and the properties of the infinite elements. The
inputs are described below. See the Far Field section of the Appendix for more details.

Far Field
Order of Infinite Elements Defines the number of interpolation points for each infinite element,
which is used to model nonreflecting boundary conditions and the
acoustic radiation outside of the finite element mesh. Default value is 10.
Microphone Table File Defines the position of the microphones; the default position is based on
the ISO3744 and can be found in the installation folder
"<top_dir>\acoustics\examples\ISO3744_meter.mic"
Translation Center of Defines the center location of the microphones. Default value: center of
Microphones gravity of the flexible body.
Scale Factor Microphones Scales the coordinates of the microphone positions.
Microphone for post Select the microphones used for additional post-processing output; the
button "All" will select all microphones.
Show Microphones This button is enabled after the acoustic mesh is generated and displays
all the microphones available as yellow or red spheres (the red ones
indicate microphones selected for extra post-processing results).
Overwrite defaultss Radius of Infinite Elements, Center of Infinite Elements and Scale Factor
for Microphones all have automatic defaults. This "Overwrite defaults"
button allows users to change those inputs. For instance the, user can
change the distance of the microphones from structure by modifying the
scaling factor for microphones.

Analysis Setup Tab

In the Analysis Setup tab, the following parameters are defined. See the Analysis set-up section of the Appendix
for more details.
56 Adams Acoustics
Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots

Acoustics, What Happens?

Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots

Acoustics  Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots
Dialog Box - F1 Help 57
Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots

For the option: Do the following:

Adams Analysis Select from a list of Adams analyses in the session.
Acoustics Analysis If the selected Adams analysis has one or more acoustics analyses based
upon it, they will appear here. Select the one for which plots should be
generated.
Play Sound Any microphones for which an audio file was generated by the selected
acoustics analysis will appear in this option menu. Select one and click the
"Play Sound" button and the corresponding .wav audio file will play
through the system's default media player.

Note: Tip for getting good audible .wav file: The quality of the DFT
can be reassured with the Nyquist criteria, fmax = 1/(2  t),
with  t the time step and fmax the maximal computed
frequency for the DFT. However, for an audio file of high
quality the Nyquist criteria is not sufficient. It is suggested to
have 5 to 20 times more time steps for the same maximal
frequency, thus 1/(20  t).
Manual Import This is primarily for users wanting to generate plots for acoustic
simulations from the preceding "Adams2Actran" toolkit form MSC
Services. It can also be used, though, as a means to generate plots from
acoustic simulations not currently in session. Click this button to browse
for an .a2ac file corresponding to an acoustics analysis.
Ok/Apply This will launch automated plotting of the selected acoustics analysis.
The automated plots that get generated are described in the following
sections.
Cancel Click to close the dbox.
58 Adams Acoustics
Generate Acoustic Analysis Plots
Appendix 59
Adams Simulation

Appendix
Adams Simulation

Requirements for the Adams Analysis

To run an acoustics analysis after an Adams analysis, the Adams model needs a flexible body active during the
simulation. To learn more about flexible bodies in Adams, see the Adams Flex guide and the Adams ViewFlex
guide.

Time Step for the Adams Analysis

The required time step depends, on the one hand, on the Adams model (time step needs to be sufficiently
small). On the other it depends on the maximal computed frequency of the acoustic radiation analysis to be
run in Actran via the plugin. The Nyquist criterion is used to calculate the maximal allowed time step,
t max = 1  2f max with t max the maximal time step size, f max , the maximal compute frequency
in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the time signal.

Preferred Adams Solver Parameters

GSTIFF and HHT are both very commonly used. There is no strict preference. Like always, Adams Solver
settings (for example, error tolerance) should be tested to find the proper balance between convergence of
important results and simulation elapsed time.

Use of "Skip Time Step"

The "Skip Time Step" parameter can be used to reduce the number of Adams analysis time steps the acoustic
simulation considers. The acoustic simulation skips the defined number of time steps. This will reduce the
number of time steps in the acoustic simulation and speed up the acoustic simulation. The limiting factor is
the maximum frequency that should be computed in the acoustic radiation analysis. The maximal frequency
content of the acoustic simulation depends on the time step size chosen, the formula is
t max = 1  2f max ; with t max the maximal time step size, f max , the maximal compute frequency
in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the time signal.

Turn Off Contact Incidents

It is recommended to switch off contact incidents in the Adams Solver results content. This is because these
contact incidents will cause Adams Acoustics to assume an excessively small time step for the purposes of
mesh and frequency definitions.
60 Adams Acoustics
Time or Frequency Domain Acoustics Analysis?

Time or Frequency Domain Acoustics Analysis?

The Time domain acoustic analysis should be preferred when transient phenomena are expected. Examples
of transient phenomena: impact, rattle of free pieces, clutch.
The Frequency domain acoustic analysis should be preferred when steady or quasi-steady phenomena are
considered. Example of steady phenomena: gearbox application at constant RPM. Example of quasi-steady
phenomena: gearbox application with run-up or run-down condition

Mesh

Maximum Frequency
The maximum frequency depends on the time step size t . The maximal frequency f max is computed
with f max = 1   2t  , the Nyquist criterion.

Mesh Criterion for an Acoustic Analysis

The mesh criterion is 5 (4-6) quadratic elements per wavelength. The wavelength is computed with
 = c/(f max  , with c the speed of sound and f max the maximal frequency.

Shrinkwrap Mesh
The shrinkwrap mesh is the mesh surrounding the structure without sharing the nodes with the structural
mesh. The shrinkwrap of the tuning fork (from the Getting Started Using Adams Acoustics tutorial) surrounds the
fork entirely (grey surface), as shown:

Full Acoustic Mesh

A full acoustic mesh consists of:
Appendix 61
Mesh

1. Shrinkwrap (blue surface)

2. Finite acoustic mesh (brown 3D volume)
3. Infinite elements' 2D surface (pink surface) for far field radiation and the non-reflecting boundary
condition.

Generating an Acoustic Mesh Manually

The primary Actran interface product, Actran VI, offers easy to use tools to create the shrinkwrap, the
acoustic mesh and the infinite element surface. This includes the functions for filling holes, the exterior
shrinkwrap, and ellipsoid and volume meshing. Please ask the Actran support, [email protected] for further
details.

Distance from Structure

The distance is not mandatory, if no distance is given, then the default value is used. Note that the typical
distance values are 1-10 mm depending on the size of the acoustic mesh.

Fill Holes
In cases where the surface of the flexible body is not entirely closed, the shrinkwrap will not create a surface
around the structure but will enter inside the opening. If the shrinkwrap enters in the structure, the result of
the acoustic radiation will be wrong. Thus, this must be avoided. Therefore, the fill holes feature is
automatically executed prior to the automatic meshing. The button "Edit" in the mesh tab opens Actran VI
and loads the Shrinkwrap surface. This allows users to check whether the shrinkwrap enters in the flexible
body. Please note that for the "Edit" button to work an Actran VI license is needed, an "Adams Entry License
for Actran" is not sufficient.
62 Adams Acoustics
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Time Windowing and Time Interval

During the DFT the time signal is split into short time signals equal to the Time Interval parameter defined
in the DFT tab in the Acoustics Plugin. Each time signal is multiplied by a window, windows other than the
rectangular, will reduce the amplitude at over the entire time window. The form of each window is different,
rectangular, triangular or other forms, as Hanning, Hamming or Blackman. This is done in order to remove
the leakage effect, when the time signal is cut in several parts.

Overlap
Overlap is the percentage intersection of each subsequent time window. Thus when a nonzero overlapping is
defined, the number of time windows will increase.

Start and End Frequencies

The end frequency or maximal frequency f max depends on the time step size  t through the Nyquist
criteria, f max = 1   2t  , thus maximal frequency cannot exceed this value. Smaller steps will increase
f max . Start frequency can be chosen with zero or a higher frequency, the minimum frequency is only limited
by 0 Hz.

Minimum frequency is set by default equal to the inverse of the time interval used for DFT purpose: f min
= 1/t

Far Field

Microphones
By default, the microphone list of the ISO3744 is used. A custom microphone list can be written, in a simple
text file, each line contains the id of the microphone followed by its coordinates, with e.g.
# this is a comment

1 -0.990 0.15
2 0.5 -0.86 0.15
Lines with comments have to start with #. The path to the new microphone file has to be given in the Far
Field tab.
Appendix 63
Analysis set-up

Grey Values
An important value to be changed is the scaling factor which scales the coordinates of the microphone by the
given factor. If "1" is entered, no scaling is used.

Analysis set-up

Order of Infinite Elements

The infinite elements are used to compute the SPL outside of the finite element area. The infinite elements
can be interpreted as polynomial with a number interpolation points, equal to the order of the infinite
elements. Higher order will increase the accuracy of the infinite elements, still order of 5-10 is in most of the
cases sufficient.
Visualization of infinite elements (outside of the blue circle):

Gap Tolerance
By default the Gap tolerance is twice the Distance defined in the Mesh tab. The Gap tolerance takes care that
the coupling between the shrinkwrap and the structure surface is accurate. As rule of thumb twice the distance
between the structure surface and the shrinkwrap can be used. The coupling quality can be evaluated in
Actran VI, please do the Advanced Tuning Fork tutorial in the Getting Started Using Adams Acoustics guide to see
how mapping can be tested in Actran VI, or contact the Actran support, [email protected] for further
information. Please note that an Actran VI license is necessary to do the visualization of the coupling quality,
the Actran entry for Adams License is not sufficient.

Output Map
An output map is a 3D visualization of the acoustic mesh for each computed time step. The "Output Map
Step" defines at which time step the results are output in the map. A value of "2" skips every 2nd step, "3"
outputs the result at every 3rd step and so on.
64 Adams Acoustics
Multiple Flexible Bodies

Output map image from the tuning fork tutorial in the Getting Started with Adams Acoustics Guide.

Important: Actran VI license is necessary to visualize of the output map, the "Actran Entry for
Adams License" is not sufficient.

Multiple Flexible Bodies

For now, the plugin is limited to the acoustic radiation of one Adams flexible body. Multiple flexible bodies
can be defined within Actran. Several flexible bodies could be used if the analysis is set up by hand. This
analysis would contain several BC Mesh and Boundary Conditions. Please refer to the Actran support for
further information, [email protected].
In many applications there is a single casing surrounding the entire model. This part will radiate acoustic
waves. If there are several flexible bodies contributing to the acoustic sound wave radiation:
 Either an individual radiation simulation can be done for each flexible body and the results are then
superimposed
 Or, an acoustic radiation analysis is created manually in Actran using all different flexible bodies
within one simulation.

Computational Time
Some suggestions to reduce the computational time of an acoustics analysis:
 Reduce the order of infinite elements to a minimum (for example, 5). Be sure to check that the
results are not changing due to this.
 Reduce the size of the acoustic mesh to a minimum
Appendix 65
Multiple Flexible Bodies

 Output the simulation information at fewer time steps

 Don't create an output map, or only for very few time steps (for example, 100 or higher).
Other computation time reduction methods would require modification of the Actran .edat file and then the
Actran analysis would need to be run manually. For example, parallel solving (please note that a parallel
license for Actran would be necessary) or changing the time integration solver. For further information about
computational time reduction, please contact the FFT support, [email protected] .
66 Adams Acoustics
Multiple Flexible Bodies

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