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1. Laser light of wavelength 630 𝒏𝒎 incident on a pair of (ii)Obtain an expression for the fringe width.
slits produces an interference pattern in which the bright (ii) Locate the position of the central fringe.
fringes are separated by 8.1 𝒎𝒎. A second light produces
an interference pattern in which the fringes are 9. Two monochromatic waves emanating from two
separated by 7.2 𝒎𝒎 calculate the wavelength of the coherent sources have the displacements represented by
second light. (CBSE 2000)
𝒚₁ = a cos𝝎𝒕, and 𝒚₂= a cos(𝝎𝒕 + ɸ), where ɸ is the phase
2. In a Young’s double slit experiment, fringes are difference between the two displacements. Show that the
obtained on a screen placed a certain distance away from resultant intensity at a point due to their superposition
the slits. If the screen is moved by 5 𝒄𝒎 towards the slits, is given by 𝑰=4𝑰₀ cos² ɸ/2, where 𝑰₀∝ 𝒂². Hence obtain the
the fringe width changes by 30 µ𝒎. Given that the slits conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
(CBSE 2015)
are 1 𝒎𝒎 apart, calculate the wavelength of the light
used. (CBSE 2018) 10. What is the effect on the interference fringes in a
Young’s double-slit experiment due to each of the
3. In Young’s double slit experiment, using light of following operations: (NCERT)
(a)The screen is moved away from the plane of the slits.
wavelength 400 𝒏𝒎, interference fringes of width ‘𝑿’ are
(b)The (monochromatic) source is replaced by another
obtained. The wavelength of light is increased to 600 𝒏𝒎 (monochromatic) source of shorter wavelength.
and the separation between the slits is halved. If one (c) The separation between the two slits is increased.
wants the observed fringe width on the screen to be the (d)The source slit is moved closer to the double-slit
same in the two cases, find the ratio of the distance plane.
between the screen and the plane of the interfering (e)The width of the source slit is increased.
sources in the two arrangements. (f)The widths of two slits are increased.
(g)The monochromatic source is replaced by source of
white light?
4. In Young’s experiment, the width of the fringes (In each operation, take all parameters, other than the
obtained with light of wavelength 6000 Å is 2.0 𝒎𝒎 one specified, to remain unchanged.)
Calculate the fringe width if the entire apparatus is
immersed in a liquid medium of refractive index 1.33. 11. In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits are
separated by 0.28 𝒎𝒎 and the screen is placed 1.4
5. In a double slits experiment, the distance between the 𝒎 away. The distance between the central bright fringe
slits is 3 𝒎𝒎 and the slits are 2 𝒎 away from the screen. and the fourth bright fringe is measured to be 1.2 𝒄𝒎.
Two interference patterns can be seen on the screen one Determine the wavelength of light used in the
due to light with wavelength 480 𝒏𝒎, and the other due experiment. (NCERT)
to light with wavelength 600 𝒏𝒎. What is the separation
on the screen between the fifth order bright fringes of the 12. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 650
two interference patterns? (CBSE 2018) 𝒏𝒎 and 520 𝒏𝒎, is used to obtain interference fringes in
a Young’s double-slit experiment. (NCERT,CBSE 2017)
6. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 80 𝒏𝒎 (a)Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the
and 600 𝒏𝒎 is used to obtain the interderence fringes in screen form the central maximum for wavelength 650
a Young’s double slit experiment on a screen placed 1.4 𝒏𝒎.
𝒎 away. If the two slits are separated by 0.28 𝒎𝒎 , (b)What is the least distance from the central
calculate the least distance from the central bright maximum where the bright fringes due to both the
maximum where the bright fringes of the two wavelengths coincide?
The distance between the two slits is 2 𝒎𝒎 and the
wavelengths coincide. (CBSE 2012)
distance between the plane of the slits and the screen is
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎.
7. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are
separated by 0.5 𝒎𝒎 and screen is placed 1.0 𝒎 away. It
13. In a double-slit experiment the angular width of a
is found that the ninth bright fringe is at a distance of
fringe is found to be 𝟎. 𝟐° on a screen placed 1 𝒎 away.
8.835 𝒎𝒎 from the second dark fringe. Find the
The wavelength of light used is 600 𝒏𝒎. What will be the
wavelength of light used.
angular width of the fringe if the entire experimental
apparatus is immersed in water? Take refractive index of
8. Figure in shown a modified Young’s double slit
water to be 𝟒/𝟑. (NCERT)
experimental set up. Here 𝑺𝑺₂ = 𝑺𝑺₁ = 𝝀/𝟒. (CBSE 2013)

14. In Young’s double slit experiment, the path

difference at a certain point on the screen between two
𝟏
interfering waves is th of the wavelength. The ratio of
𝟖
intensity at this point to that at the centre of a bright
fringe is close to: (CBSE 2023)
(i)State the condition for constructive and destructive (a) 0.80 (b) 0.74 (c) 0.94 (d) 0.85
interference.

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15. In Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are 2 Statement If the monochromatic source is replaced by
𝒎𝒎 apart and are illuminated by photons of two II another monochromatic source of larger
wavelengths 𝝀𝟏 = 12000 Å and 𝝀 ₂ =10000 Å . At what wavelength, the angular separation of
fringes decreases. (NEET 2023)
minimum distance from the common central bright
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct
fringe on the screen 2 𝒎 from the slit, will a bright fringe
answer from the options given below
from one interference pattern coincide with a bright
(a)Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
fringe from the other? (CBSE 2023) (b)Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(a) 8 𝑚𝑚 (b) 6 𝑚𝑚 (c) 4 𝑚𝑚 (d) 3𝑚𝑚 (c) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(d)Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
16. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the separation
between the two slits is 𝒅 and distance of the screen from 23. In a Young’s double slit experiment, a student
the slits is 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒅. If the first minima falls at 𝒂 distance 𝒅 observes 8 fringes in a certain segment of screen when a
from the central maximum, obtain the relation between monochromatic light of 600 𝒏𝒎 wavelength is used. If
𝒅 and 𝝀. (CBSE 2023) the wavelength of light is changed to 400 𝒏𝒎, then the
number of fringes he would observe in the same region of
17. Two waves from two coherent sources 𝑺 and 𝑺’ the screen is: (NEET 2022)
superimpose at 𝑿 as shown in the figure. If 𝑿 is a point (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 6
on the second minima and 𝑺𝑿 − 𝑺’𝑿 is 4.5 𝒄𝒎, calculate
24. In Young’s double slit experiment, if the separation
the wavelength of the waves. (CBSE 2021)
between coherent sources is halved and the distance of
the screen from the coherent source is doubled, then the
fringe width becomes (NEET 2020)
(a) half (b) four times
(c) one-fourth (d) double
𝝀
18. In a Young’s double slit experiment 𝑺𝑺₂ − 𝑺𝑺₁ = , 25. In a double slit experiment, when light of wavelength
𝟒
where 𝑺₁ and 𝑺₂ are the two slits as shown in the figure. 400 𝒏𝒎 was used, the angular width of the first minima
Find the path difference (𝑺₂𝑷 − 𝑺₁𝑷) for constructive and formed on a screen placed 1 𝒎 away, was found to be
destructive interference at 𝑷. (CBSE 2023) 0.2°. What will be the angular width of the first minima,
if the entire experimental apparatus is immersed in
water? (µwater = 4/3) (NEET 2019)
(a) 0.15° (b) 0.051° (c) 0.1° (d) 0.266°

26. In Young’s double slit experiment the separation 𝒅

between the slits is 2 𝒎𝒎, the wavelength 𝝀 of the light
used is 5896 Å and distance 𝑫 between the screen and
19. What is the effect on the interference fringes in a slits is 100 𝒄𝒎. It is found that the angular width of the
Young’s double slit experiment, if the monochromatic fringes is 0.20°. To increase the fringe angular width to
source 𝑺 is replaced by a source of white light? 0.21° (with same λ and 𝑫) the separation between the
slits needs to the changed to: (NEET 2018)
20. In a Young’s double slit experiment using light of (a)1.8 mm (b)1.9mm (c)2.1 mm (d)1.7 mm
wavelength 600 𝒏𝒎, the slit separation is 0.8 𝒎𝒎 and the
screen is kept 1.6 𝒎 from the plane of the slits Calculate 27. Young’s double slit experiment is first performed in
the distance of: (CBSE 2023) air and then in a medium other than air. It is found that
(i) third minimum and 8th bright fringe in the medium lies where 5th dark fringe
(ii)fifth maximum, from the central maximum. lies in air. The refractive index of the medium is nearly
(a)1.25 (b)1.59 (c)1.69 (d)1.78
21. Two coherent light waves of intensity 5×10⁻² Wm⁻² (NEET 2017)
each superimpose and produce the interference pattern 28. The intensity at the maximum in a Young’s double
on a screen. At a point where the path difference between slit experiment is 𝑰₀. Distance between two slits is 𝒅 = 𝟓𝝀,
𝝀
the waves is , 𝝀 being wavelength of the wave. Find the where λ is the wavelength of light used in the
𝟔
(i)phase difference between the waves experiment. What will be the intensity infront of one of
(ii)resultant intensity at the point the slits on the screen placed at a distance 𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒅?
(iii) and resultant intensity in terms of the intensity at the 𝐼
(a) 0
3
(b) 𝐼0
𝐼
(c) 0 (d) 𝐼0
4 4 2
maximum. (CBSE 2022)
(NEET 2016)
29. In a double slit experiment, the two slits are 1 𝒎𝒎
22. For Young’s double slit experiment, two statements
apart and the screen is placed 1 𝒎 away. A
are given below
monochromatic light of wavelength 500 𝒏𝒎 is used.
Statement I If screen is moved away from the plane of
slits, angular separation of the fringes What will be the width of each slit for obtaining ten
remains constant.

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maxima of double slit within the central maxima of single 16 500λ 33 D

slit pattern? (NEET 2015) 17 3cm
(a)0.2mm (b)0.1mm (c)0.5 mm (d)0.02mm 1. Light of wavelength 550 𝒏𝒎 is incident as parallel
beam on a slit of width 0.1 𝒎𝒎. Find the angular width
30. Interference was observed in interference chamber and the linear width of the principle maxima in the
where air was present, now the chamber is evacuated, resulting diffraction pattern on a screen kept at a
and if the same light is used, a careful observer will see distance of 1.1. 𝒎 from the slit. Which of these widths
(a)no interference would not change if the screen were moved to a distance
(b)interference with brighter bands of 2.2 𝒎 from the slit?
(c) interference with dark bands
(d)interference with larger bands (NEET 2013)
2. A parallel beam of light of 600 𝒏𝒎 falls on a narrow slit
31. In Young’s double slit experiment carried out with and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a
light of wavelength (λ) = 5000 Å, the distance between screen 1.2 𝒎 away. It is observed that the first minimum
the slits is 0.2 𝒎𝒎 and the screen is at 200 𝒄𝒎 from the is at a distance of 3 𝒎𝒎 from the centre of the screen.
slits. The central maximum is at 𝒙 = 𝟎 . The third Calculate the width of the slit.
maximum (taking the central maximum as zeroth
maximum) will be at 𝒙 equal to: 3. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 𝒏𝒎 is
(a)1.67 cm (b)1.5cm (c)0.5 cm (d)5.0 cm incident normally on a slit of width ‘𝒂’. If the distance
between the slits and the screen is 0.8 𝒎 and the
32. If yellow light emitted by sodium lamp in Young’s distance of 2 order maximum from the centre of the
nd

double slit experiment is replaced by monochromatic screen is 15 𝒎𝒎, calculate the width of the slit.
blue light of the same intensity
(a)fringe width will decrease 4. Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 𝒏𝒎, 596 𝒏𝒎 are
(b)fringe width will increase used, in turn, to study the diffraction taking place at a
(c) fringe width will remain unchanged single slit of aperture 4 𝒎𝒎. The distance between the
(d) fringe will becomes less intense slit and the screen is 2 𝒎 . Calculate the separation
between the positions of first maximum of the diffraction
33. In Young’s experiment, two coherent sources are pattern obtained in the two cases.
placed 0.90 𝒎𝒎 apart and fringes are observed one meter
away. If it produces second dark fringe at a distance of 1 5. Estimate the angular separation between first order
𝒎𝒎 form central fringe, the wavelength of maximum and third order minimum of the diffraction
monochromatic light is used would be: pattern due to a single slit of width 1 𝒎𝒎, when light of
(a)60 × 10⁻⁴ 𝑐𝑚 (b) 10 × 10⁻⁴ 𝑐𝑚 wavelength 600 𝒏𝒎 is incident normal on it.
(c) 10 × 10⁻⁵ 𝑐𝑚 (d) 6 × 10⁻⁵ 𝑐𝑚
CASE STUDY―
ANSWER KEY 6. The British physicist Thomas Young explained the
Q. Ans. Q. Ans. interference of light using the principle of superposition of
1 560 nm 18 1
(𝑛 − ) 𝜆,𝑛 − λ
3 waves. He observed the interference pattern on the screen, in
4 4
his experimental set-up, known now as Young’s double slit
2 600nm 19 (i)3mm
(ii)6mm experiment. The two slits 𝑆₁ and 𝑆₂ were illuminated by light
from a slit 𝑆. The interference pattern consists of dark and
3 3:1 20 π/3
(ii)15×10⁻² W/m² bright bands of light. Such bands are called fringes. The
3
(iii) IR = Imax distance between two consecutive bright and dark fringes is
4
called fringes width.
4 1.5 mm 21 B
5 4×10⁻⁴ m 22 C (𝒊). What will happen to the pattern on the screen, when
6 12 mm 23 B the two slits 𝑺₁ and 𝑺₂ are replaced by two independent
7 5890Å 24 A but identical sources?
8 1 3 𝜆 25 B (a) The intensity of pattern will increase
(i)(𝑛 − ) 𝜆, (2n − )
4 2 2 (b) The intensity of pattern will decrease
𝐷𝜆
(ii) (c) The number of fringes will become double
𝑑
(iii)Below central (d) No pattern will be observed on the screen.
Maxima
9 - 26 D (𝒊𝒊). Two sources of light are said to be coherent, when
10 - 27 C both emit light waves of:
11 6000Å 28 A (a) same amplitude and have a varying phase difference
12 (i) 1.17 mm 29 B (b) same wavelength and a constant phase difference
(ii) 1.56 mm (c) different wavelength and same intensity
13 0.15° 30 D (d) different wavelengths and a constant phase difference
14 D 31 B
15 B 32 A

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( 𝒊𝒊𝒊 ). The total paths difference between two waves 8. Angular width of the central maxima in the
meeting at points 𝑷₁ and 𝑷₂ on the screen are (3λ/2) and Fraunhoffer diffraction for λ=6000Å is θ₀. When the same
2λ respectively, then: slit is illuminated by another monochromatic light, the
(a) bright fringes are formed at both points angular width decreases by 30%. The wavelength of this
(b) dark fringes are formed at both points light is:
(c) a bright fringes if formed at 𝑃₁ and a dark fringes is (a) 1800Å (b) 4200Å (c) 6000Å (d) 420Å
formed at 𝑃₂
(d) a bright fringes is formed at 𝑃₂ and a dark fringes is
9. In a diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 𝒂,
formed at 𝑃₁
the first minimum is observed at an angle 30° when light
of wavelength 5000 Å is incident on the slit. The first
7. In 1678, a Dutch scientist, Christian Huygens’
propounded the wave theory of light. According to him wave secondary maximum is observed at an angle of:
2 1
theory introduced the concepts of wavefront. Light travels in (a) sin⁻¹ (3) (b) sin⁻¹ ( )
2
the form of waves. 3
(c) sin⁻¹ ( )
1
(d) sin⁻¹ ( )
4 4
A wavefront is the locus of points (wavelets) having the same
phase (a surface of constant phase) of oscillations. A wavelet 10. A linear aperture whose width is 0.02 𝒄𝒎 is placed
is the point of disturbance due to propagation of light. immediately in front of a lens of focal lengths 60 𝒄𝒎. The
Wavefront may also be defined as the hypothetical surface on aperture is illuminated normally by a parallel beam of
which the light waves are in the same phase. wavelength 5×0⁻⁵ 𝒄𝒎. The distance of the first dark band
(𝒊). According to Huygens’s original wave theory of light, of the diffraction pattern from the centre of the screen
it is assumed that: is:
(a) minute elastic particles (a)0.10 cm (b)0.25cm (c)0.20cm (d)0.15 cm
(b) transverse electromagnetic wave
(c) transverse mechanical wave
11. For a parallel beam of monochromatic light of
(d) longitudinal mechanical wave
(𝒊𝒊). A ray of light wave perpendicular to wavefront: wavelength ‘λ’ diffraction is produced by a single slit
(a) is parallel to a surface at the point of incidence of a whose width ‘𝒂’ is of the order of the wavelength of the
wavefront light. If ‘𝑫’ is the distance of the screen from the slit, the
(b) is the line joining the source of light and an observer width of the central maxima will be:
(c) gives the direction of propagation of a wavefront at a (a)
2𝐷𝜆
(b)
𝐷𝜆
(c)
𝐷𝑎
(d)
2𝐷𝑎
given point 𝑎 𝑎 𝜆 𝜆

(d) is the envelope that is tangential to the secondary

wavelets 12. At the first minimum adjacent to the central
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). A linear source of light produces: maximum of a single slit diffraction pattern, the phase
(a) cylindrical wavefront difference between the Huygen’s wavelet from the edge
(b) spherical wavefront of the slit and the wavefront from the midpoints of the
(c) plane wavefront slit is:
(d) cubical wavefront 𝜋 𝜋
(a) radian (b) radian
(𝒊𝒗). Huygens’s principle of secondary wavelets may be 4 2
𝜋
(c) π radian (d) radian
used to: 8
(a) find the velocity of light in vacuum
(b) explain the particle behavior of light 13. A beam of light λ=600 𝒏𝒎 from a distant source falls
(c) find the new position of the wavefront on a single slit 1 𝒎𝒎 wide and the resulting diffraction
(d) explain photoelectric effect pattern is observed on a screen 2 𝒎 away. The distance
(𝒗). In case of reflection of a wavefront from a reflecting between first dark fringes on either side of the central
surface: bright fringes is:
(a) 1.2 𝑐𝑚 (b) 1.2 𝑚𝑚 (c) 2.4 𝑐𝑚 (d) 2.4 𝑚𝑚

ANSWER KEY
Q. Ans.
1 12.1 mm
2 0.24 mm
3 80µm
4 4.5×10⁻⁶ m
(a) points 𝐴 and 𝐸 are in phase difference of 90°. 5 9×10⁻⁴ rad
(b) points 𝐴 and 𝐶 are in phase difference of 0°. 6 (i)D, (ii)B, (iii)D
(c) points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are in phase difference of 0°. 7 (i)D, (ii)C (iii)A, (iv)C, (v)C
(d) points 𝐶 and 𝐸 are in phase difference of 0°. 8 B
Which of the following is correct? 9 C
(a) Both I and II 10 D
(b) Both II and III 11 A
(c) Both III and IV 12 C
(d) Both I and IV 13 D

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