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Atomic structure SUMMARY

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8 views

Atomic structure SUMMARY

Uploaded by

gargeechaudhari96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GARGEE CHAUDHARI

MOB NO. 9604514043

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
SUMMARY

Electrons are fundamental subatomic particles carrying one unit negative charge
(1.602 x 10-19C) and having mass 9.11 x 10-31 kg
• Protons are subatomic particles having one unit positive charge (1.602 x 10-19
C) and mass 1.67 x 10-27 kg.
• Neutrons are subatomic particles having no charge and mass 1.675 × 10-27 kg.
• Atomic number (Z) = No. of protons = No. of electrons.
• Mass number (A) = No. of protons + No. of neutrons.
• Isotopes are atoms of same element having same atomic number but different
mass numbers.
Isobars are atoms of different elements having same mass number
• The arrangement of different types of electromagnetic radiations in the
increasing order of wavelengths (or decreasing frequencies) is known as
electromagnetic spectrum.
Planck's quantum theory states that radiant energy is not emitted continuously
but discontinuously in the form of small packets of energy called quantum or
photon (for light). each having energy = hv.
• When the radiation emitted from substances are analysed with the help of
spectroscope we get emission Spectra
• When a continuous electromagnetic radiation is allowed to pass through a
gas or solution of a substance and the transmitted light is analysed we
obtain a spectrum in which dark lines are observed in otherwise
continuous spectrum this is called absorption spectrum
• Spectrum of hydrogen consists of many lines called Lyman, balmer,
paschen ,bracket and pfund.

GRIFFIN EDUCARE 1
GARGEE CHAUDHARI
MOB NO. 9604514043

• Bohr model gave the concept of well defined circular orbit or energy
level in which energy remain constant
• Wave mechanics gave the concept of orbitals which are regions around
the nucleus where the probability of finding the electron is maximum
• A set of 4 quantum number used to specify energy size shape and
orientation of the electron orbital and spin of the electron are called
quantum number
• Principal quantum number(n):- (MAIN SHELL) Tells about the energy of
the electron and size of the shell
• Azimuthal quantum number (l) :- (SUBSHELL) Tells about the shape of
the orbital
• Magnetic quantum number tells about the orientation of electron cloud in
a subshell
• Spin quantum number tells about the spin of the electron
• For nth shell maximum number of
subshell =n,
Orbital =n
Electrons =2n

• Electronic configuration :- the distribution of electrons in various


orbitals in an atom
• Aufbau rule states that the orbitals are filled in the order of increasing
energy and starting with the orbital of lowest energy.
• Pauli’s exclusion principle is no two electrons in an atom can have same
set of all the four quantum numbers this means that an orbital can
accommodate only two electrons having opposite spin.

GRIFFIN EDUCARE 2
GARGEE CHAUDHARI
MOB NO. 9604514043

• Hund’s rule:- The pairing of electron in orbitals of a same sub shell


cannot take place until all the orbitals are singly occupied with parallel
spin

TUTOR NAME : GARGEE CHAUDHARI


MOB NO. 9604515043
EMAIL [email protected]
GRIFFIN EDUCARE ACADEMY

GRIFFIN EDUCARE 3

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