Scribd
Upload
15 views

Reproductive system p2

Uploaded by

friendlyrodents
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Reproductive system p2

Uploaded by

friendlyrodents
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Female reproductive system -

Ovaries - the ovaries are a pair of small glands that produce female sex hormones
(estrogen and progesterone) as well as ova (Eggs), the female gametes.

Fallopian tubes - the fallopian tubes are funnel shaped passages next to the ovary.
They have a number of finger like projections known as fimbriae on the end near the
ovary. When an egg is released by the ovary, it is "Caught" by one of the fimbriae
and transported along the fallopian tube to the uterus. It is on this journey down
the fallopian tube that fertilization may occur if a sperm penetrates the egg.

Uterus - the uterus is a hollow cavity that exists to house a developing fertilized
egg. the thick wall of the uterus is composed of three layers. the perimetrium is
the layer of tissue that lines the outside of the uterus. The myometrium is the
middle layer of the uterus that is primarily made up of smooth muscle. The
endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus that is shed each month if no
pregnancy occurs.

Cervix - the cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal
between the uterus and vagina.

Vagina - the vagina is an elastic, muscular tube that connects the cervix of the
uterus to the exterior of the body. The vagina functions as the receptacle for the
penis during sexual intercourse. It also serves as the birth canal of the fetus
during child birth. During menstruation, the menstrual flow exits the body via the
vagina.

Male reproductive system -

Testicles - the two testicles, or testes, produce and store millions of tiny sperm
cells. the testicles are also part of the endocrine system because they produce
hormones, including testosterone.

Epididymis and vas deferens - the epididymis and the vas deferens make up the duct
system of the male reproductive organs. The vas defrenens is a muscular tube that
passes upward alongside the testicles and transports the sprem containing fluid
called semen. the epididymis is a set of coiled tubes (one for each testicle) that
connects to the vas deferens.

Scrotum - The epididymis and the testicles hang in a pouch like structure outside
the pelvis called the scrotum. this bag of skin helps to regulate the temperature
of testicles, which need to be kept cooler than body temperature to produce sperm.

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland - the seminal cesicles and the prostate gland
provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm

Penis - The penis is the external male sex organ and is made up of two parts: the
shaft and the glans. The shaft is the main part of the penis and the lgans is the
tip. At the end of the glans is a small slit or opening, which is where semen and
urine exit the body through the urethra.

Reproduction Cycle - about once a month, an ovum (egg) is released by the females
ovary and send down the fallopian tube- a process known as ovulation. Sperm enters
the fallopian tube and burrows into the egg- a process known as fertilization. this
union forms a single cell known as a zygote. The zygote then becomes implanted in
the lining of the uterus. the uterus expands dramatically as the egg develops into
an embryo and then a growing fetus. When the fetus is mature enough to survive
outside of the womb, the cervix dilates, and contractions of the uterus propel it
through the birth canal.

Reproductive structures begin to form in the embryonic stage. By the week 6, gonads
and genitalia are present but differentiated. whether they become male or female is
determined by one chromosome delivered by the sperm.

Gender - The female egg contains an X sex chromosome, and the male sperm either an
X or a Y sex chromosome. If the chromosome pair is XY, the gonads develop into
testes starting in week 7. If the chromosome pair is XX, the gonads become ovaries
starting in week 8. Testes secrete testosterone, forming male genitalia around week
10. Without testosterone, female genitalia form. All reproductive structures are in
place at birth or shortly after. At puberty, an increase in sex hormones will grow
them to their adult size and reproductive capability.

Documenting obstetric Data - Gravidity and parity are important terms for
describing a womans health history -

Gravidia - indicates the number of times the woman has been pregnant (Current and
past), regardless of the pregnancy outcomes

Para - indicates the number of viable births. Pregnancies consisting of multiples,


sucha s twins or triplets, count as one birth for the purpose of this notation.

Abortus - is the number of pregnancies that were lost for any reason, including
induced abortions or miscarriages. The abortus term is not used when no pregnancies
have been lost.

G3P3 - a woman who has had three pregnancies, all of which resulted in live births,
would be G3P3

G3P2A1 - a woman who has had three pregnancies, one of which was an abortion, would
be G3P2A1

G2P0A2 - a woman who has had two pregnancies, both of which resulted in
miscarriages, would be G2P0A2

GPTPAL -
G= number of pregnancies
P= outcome of each pregnancy 9hyphenate between each number)
T= Number of term deliveries (>37 weeks)
P= Number of preterm deliveries
A= Number of abortions, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies
L= Number of living children (Count multiples separately)

You might also like