Krushi jivan Vikas Pratishtan- Yenbodi,Reg.

No F-294

BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BALLARPUR-442701

BTC-SCHOOL OF DIPLOMA ENENGINEERING
POLYTECHNIC (1543)

A PROJECT REPORT

Setting Up A Zigbee Network

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement in

curriculum of fifth semester in “I”–scheme

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY:
Rohit Buramwar (2215430016)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

Miss. Aarti Vaidya

H.O.D
Department Of Computer Engineering
2024-2025
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Mr. Rohit Santosh Buramwar” the project entitled “Setting
Up A Zigbee Network” is successfully completed for the fulfillment of the
requirement in Fifth Semester of “I”–scheme curriculum prescribed by Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Place: BIT, Ballarpur

(1543)

Date:

Miss. Aarti Vaidya Miss. Aarti Vaidya

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Dated Signature Dated Signature

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our great pleasure to present this project report with all our efforts to
fulfill it in all aspects.

We would like to thank our Project Guide Miss. Aarti Vaidya H.O.D,
Department of Computer Engineering for her valuable guidance and all his
support.

We would like to thank Miss. Aarti Vaidya Head, Department of Consistent

supervision for his/her consistent supervision.

We would like to thank Mr. Shrikant Goje Principal of our institute for
motivation and inspiration.
Lastly we would like to thank all the group members who took great efforts
and worked hard to complete it.

PROJECT GROUP MEMBERS:

Rohit Buramwar (2215430016)

INDEX:

Sr.
Particulars Page Number
No.

1 Teacher Evaluation Sheet. 1

2 Progressive Assessment for Micro-Project. 2

3 Abstraction 3

4 Introduction 4

5 conclusion 5

6 Reference 6

7
7
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET FOR MICRO-PROJECT
NAME OF STUDENT:

Rohit Buramwar (2215430016)

Course Title and Code: ACN (22520)

Semester: CO-5I
Title of the Project: Setting Up A Zigbee Network

Cos addressed by the Micro-Project:

a)
Major Learning outcome achieved by the students by doing the project:
a) Practical outcomes:

b) Unit Outcomes (in Cognitive Domain):

c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1. Follow Precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming convention.
3. Follow ethical practices.

Marks:

(A) Marks for work viva

(B) Marks obtained by the individual based on
(C) Total Marks(A+B)

Name and Designation of the Faculty Member

Signature
 Progressive Assessment for Micro-Project

Title of Project: Setting Up A Zigbee Network

Sr. Dated
Date Activity performed Remarks by
No. Signature
Project Guide
Project
Guide

Miss. Aarti Vaidya informed us

1 about Micro-Project

Discussed with Miss. Aarti Vaidya on

2 the topic

3 Collected some data from internet

4 Discussed about collected data

with Miss. Aarti Vaidya

I collected may more data other

sources like books
5

6 Then I discussed of imp from

Internet

7 Then I watch some videos related to

model

8 Then I search some

important code in
internet about project

9 THEN I CHECKED my
micro –project from the
Miss. Aarti Vaidya
 10 Make a corrections in
project Report

11 Learn the project for

viva

Project Group Members:

Rohit Buramwar(2215430016)

Date of Submission: Project Guide: Miss. Aarti Vaidya

Dated Signature with Name and Designation
 ABSTRACTION

A Zigbee network setup involves creating a low-power, wireless communication system,

often used in home automation and IoT (Internet of Things) applications. The network
is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, with Zigbee adding additional protocols for
higher-level communication and security.

Coordinator: The central node of the network, responsible for network formation,
managing devices, and routing data.
Router: Devices that extend the range of the network by relaying data between devices
and the coordinator.
End Devices: Devices that communicate with the coordinator or routers but do not relay
data for other devices, often battery-powered.

Steps for Setup:

Select Zigbee Devices: Choose compatible Zigbee coordinators, routers, and end
devices.
Network Formation: Initialize the coordinator to form the network. This device will
assign addresses and handle security.
Device Joining: End devices and routers join the network by associating with the
coordinator or another router.
Network Configuration: Set network parameters, such as PAN ID (Personal Area
Network identifier), frequency channel, and security settings.
Testing and Troubleshooting: Ensure devices can communicate across the network,
verifying coverage, device pairing, and data transmission.

A Zigbee network is known for its reliability, low power consumption, and ease of
expansion, making it ideal for applications such as smart homes and industrial
automation.
 INTRODUCTION

Zigbee is used for wireless personal area network (PAN). It support thousands of nodes in
each PAN. Zigbee devices work with low power. So energy consumption is less and
battery life is more. Zigbee technology used in many applications, such as industry,
medical applications, residential.

In this experiment, we will learn the simulation of star topology in zigbee network and
study how energy consumption vary with beacon order for different superframe order.

Features & Characteristic of ZigBee Technology

1. The features and characteristics of Zigbee technology [v] are as follows:
2. ZigBee network connect several units and control through one button.
3. ZigBee network is controlled by a remote control device at a specific range and as
the control device is present centrally,it reduces manpower.
4. ZigBee devices are reliable because they are designed on low-power frequency.
5. ZigBee technology supports 3 different types of devices.They are coordinator, router
and end-user devices.
6. Coordinators are the primary devices to help in activation of the system by collecting
the data in form of memory.
7. Routers are the secondary devices that function by sending information to the
destination.
8. End-user devices are basically receivers that are not able to send information itself.

Application of ZigBee Technology:

ZigBee Technology used in many applications [v]. Some of them are described below:
• ZigBee technology is programmed in a chip form and that chip is used in many
devices to function automatically. For example controlling and monitoring a whole
factory unit while sitting in one cabin is possible by using ZigBee technology.
• Building automation
• Consumer electronics
• Automatic meter reading
 • Home automation
• Managing health care system
• Retail management
• Telecommunications

Network Topologies
A Low rate WPAN supports three different types of topologies

Star Topology
Peer-to-Peer Topology
Cluster Tree/Mesh Topology

Star Topology

In the star topology, the PAN coordinator have the primary control. In this topology
devices monitore their application and report it to the coordinator.The Figure-01 shows star
topology.

Figure-01: Star topology

Peer-to-Peer Topology

The peer-to peer topology has a PAN coordinator and any device can communicate with
any other device.This topology allows more complex network formations.Figure-02 shows
peer-to-peer topology.
 Figure-02: Peer-to-peer topology

In the above figure the possible communication scenarios are between node-to-node, node-
to-coordinator, coordinator-to-node. As is evident if two devices need to transfer data, both
have to be full function devices. A peer-to-peer network can be ad-hoc, self-organizing and
self-healing.

Cluster-Tree Topology

In cluster tree topology several small clusters are present and are able to communicate
peer-to-peer and can be controlled with a PAN coordinator. Each cluster can have its own
coordinator and the coordinators can communicate with the PAN Coordinator. We can
choose a PAN coordinator among several existing clusters. Fig ure-03 shows cluster-tree
topology.

Figure-03: Cluster-tree topology

ZigBee Architecture

IEEE 802.15.4 consists of PHY and the MAC layers [vi]. The upper layers are left for
application developers.

The PHY layer is responsible for activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver, ED,
LQI, channel selection, clear channel assessment (CCA), and transmitting as well as
receiving packets across the physical medium. Similarly, the MAC layer is responsible for
beacon management, channel access, guaranteed time slots (GTS) management, frame
validation, acknowledged frame delivery, association, and disassociations

The Superframe structure:-

The superframe structure [vi] is determined by the coordinator. IEEE 802.15.4 networks
are able to operate in two different modes of operation

Beacon mode or
Non beacon mode
In beacon mode, the coordinator sends out periodic packets or beacons. The purpose of this
is to enable all nodes to sleep between beacons and wake up when the beacon timer
expires, ready to receive the beacon
from the coordinator. The superframe structure is only applicable in beacon mode
networks. In non beacon networks the superframe structure is disabled and nodes
contend for channel access by CSMA/CA.
Contention Access Period: It is the time duration in symbols during which the devices can
compete with each other to access the channel using CSMA-CA and transmit the data.

Contention Free Period/Guaranteed Time Slots: Certain low-latency application devices

are given exclusive rights over the channel to start transmission directly. There can as
many as 7 slots assigned for GTS transmissions. These transmissions start immediately
after the contention access period.

Inactive Period: It is the time period during which the coordinator would not interact with
the PAN. Therefore, there will be no beacon transmissions. So the devices go to sleep
mode in this duration.

Superframe Duration: The total time duration of the CAP, CFP (GTS) and a Beacon. The
superframe duration doesn’t include the inactive period.
Nodes Configuration

The node configurations [ix] of ZigBee network are defined below:

The PAN coordinator in ZigBee network are defined by:

The above command turned on the node as a device or a coordinator, if some of the
parameter is neglected than the rest of parameters will get set by default variable as defined
above.
Example:
Energy Model
At the beginning of the simulation the node has an initial energy. This is known as
initialEnergy [vii]. Energy is consumed when a node receives or transmits a packet. This
energy are called rxPower and txPower.
The basic energy model is defined by class Energy Model as shown below:

The class variable energy_ represents the level of energy in the node at any given time. The
constructor EnergyModel(energy) requires the initial-energy to be passed along as a
parameter. The other class methods are used to decrease the energy level of the node for
every packet transmitted ( DecrTxEnergy(txtime, P_tx)) and every packet received

DecrRcvEnergy (rcvtime, P_rcv)) by the node. P_tx and P_rcv are the transmitting and
receiving power (respectively) required by the node’s interface or PHY. At the beginning
of simulation, energy_ is set to initialEnergy_ which is then decremented for every
transmission and reception of packets at the node. When the energy level at the node goes
down to zero, no more packets can be received or transmitted by the node.
CONCLUSION

ZigBee is a IEEE 802.15.4 based, low power, low data rate, low cost, long battery
lifesupporting wireless networking standard, which is mainly used for two-way
communicationbetween sensors and control systems. It is a short-range communication
standard likeBluetooth and Wi-Fi, covering a range of 10 to 100 metres; however, it differs
fromBluetooth and Wi-Fi in their high data rate communications standard. The ZigBee has
threedifferent devices: coordinator, routers, and end devices, where each of these
components hasits own function in the ZigBee’s topology. For the coordinator, it is the
most indispensabledevice locates at the origin of the system but, the routers get messages
from the coordinatorto store them until their end devices are in a situation to get them,
while the end device
Reference:
https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-tutorial
https://www.amrita.edu/course/advanced-computer-networks/
https://www.digi.com/solutions/by-technology/zigbee-wireless-standard
https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/ZigBee